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Biomedical subjects

N N Karkishchenko

Publications and source records attributed to N N Karkishchenko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Ultrastructural basis of the effect of haloperidol on the brain].

It has been established in rat experiments that haloperidol administration gives rise to the formation of a great number of coated vesicles in the cytoplasm of the sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, hippocamp, and central grey matter as well as to lysosomal activation and appearance of subsurface cisternae. Besides, the movement of mitochondria to the neuronal processes is intensified. The karyotropic action of haloperidol manifests in an increase of the size and amount of nuclear pores and in activation of the nucleoli. The drug action is also characterized by the lowering of the number of microtubules in the dendrites within the first hours after haloperidol administration, followed by its recovery in a day. The synaptic apparatus remains unchanged.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Biosynthesis of biogenic pyrimidines in anxiety and depressive states of different etiologies].

Biosynthesis of endogenous pyrimidines was investigated in 37 patients with anxiety, anxious-depressive, depressive and hypochondriac syndromes emerging in schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis against a control group of healthy subjects (n-20) andopiate abusers (n-10). It was found that depressive and anxiety states in the examinees were associated with inhibition of endogenous pyrimidines synthesis likely to result in abnormal depression and anxiety levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Uridine-induced ultrastructural changes in different formations of the brain].

In experiments on the rats there were identified two types of neurons, which age differentiated by their ability to form the coated vesicles in response to the administration of uridine. Presence or absence of the uridine receptors on the neuronal plasmalemmae causes different reaction of the neurons on the action of uridine. Coated vesicles transfer uridine to the lysosomes, where it degrades. Appearance of subsurface cisternae is a compensatory reaction on the deficit of neuronal plasmalemmae, which is necessary for the formation of coated vesicles. The satellite glia is the most resistant for the action of uridine.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin in an experiment and in clinical practice].

Efficacy of drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis mostly depends on their concentration in organs and tissues. To show distribution profiles of antituberculous drugs in patients in organs and tissues of experimental animals after their administration alone or in combination, pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid and rifampicin were studied. The drug concentrations, half-lives and distribution volumes were determined in 50 patients and 60 experimental animals. It was observed that after combined use of isoniazid and rifampicin their concentrations in the lung tissue and liver of the experimental animals increased which led to increasing their half-lives in patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of chronic hepatitis patients with catergen].

The authors analyse the results of the treatment of patients with chronic active hepatitis of moderate activity with catergen as compared with basic therapy including dietetic management, polyvitamins, and essentiale. The treatment efficacy was evaluated according to the time-course of changes in subjective sensations of the patients, objective data of the clinical and laboratory studies. It was established that catergen produced a beneficial effect on the time-course of both subjective and objective characteristics in patients with chronic active hepatitis, while the drug therapeutic activity was found to be higher as compared with essentiale and basic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Role of tricyclic antidepressants in the central regulation of hyperalgesia and stress analgesia].

The effect of hypophysectomy (HE) on pain thresholds was studied in female noninbred rats. Hyperalgesia was observed after HE since the first till the sixth day of the observation period. Droperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) and amitryptyline (5 mg/kg i.p.) produced hyperalgesia in sham-operated rats, which was potentiated in hypophysectomized animals. In rats taken into the experiment 3 days after operation, no increase in the pain threshold was recordable during the 30-minute painful stress, and poststress autoanalgesia did not develop subsequently. The opposing data were obtained in sham-operated animals. On intraperitoneal administration of phentanyl (25 micrograms/kg) after the 30-minute painful stress hypophysectomized rats did not manifest any potentiation of its analgesic effect in contradistinction to sham-operated animals. Simultaneous administration of phentanyl at the same dose and melipramine (5 mg/kg i.p.) produced considerable potentiation of analgesia if administered after stress. In hypophysectomized rats, that effect was somewhat reduced.

Analgesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ultrastructural characteristics of the changes in sections of the rat brain under piracetam exposure].

Rat experiments have shown that intraperitoneal piracetam leads to formation of abundant coated vesicles in the neurons of the sensomotor cortex, hippocampus, and central gray matter. Concurrently, subsuperficial cisterns form under the plasmalemma of nerve cells. The interneuronal contacts are characterized by long-term excitation without destructive changes in synapses. It is suggested that piracetam is able to increase the number of synapses in some brain regions at the expense of sprouting.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Benzodiazepine receptors of the neurons and astrocytes].

Ultrastructural investigations of different parts of rat brain after diazepam administration revealed benzodiazepine receptors on the neuronal surface and plasma membrane of astrocytes of the sensorimotor cortex, hippocampus and central grey substance. Subsuperficial cisternae that replenish deficit of plasma membrane required for coated vesicles formation were only seen in the neurons and were absent from the astrocytes. The fate of internalized diazepam in the nerve and glial cells were different: in the neurons, ligand is destroyed in lysosomes and multivesicular bodies, while in the astrocytes, exceptionally in lysosomes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A pharmacological analysis of the anxiolytic activity of uridine].

The effects of prazosin (0.6 and 3 mg/kg), propranolol (5 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) and ciproheptaline (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) on the anxiolytic (anticonflict) action of a pyrimidine ribonucleoside uridine, a hypothetic endogenic regulator of anxiety states were studied in the experiments on male CBWA mice. It was found that the degree of the anxiolytic effect of uridine decreases at the blockade of alpha 1, beta 2, D2 and H1-receptors and significantly increases at the blockade of 5-HT2-receptors. This suggests the involvement of the mentioned receptors in the processes of realization of uridine anxiolytic activity as well as the presence of the central serotonin-negative component in the mechanisms of action of uridine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The adequacy of a new method for assessing the vestibular protective effect of biologically active substances].

The effects of some neuropsychotropic agents on changes in pain sensitivity in albino male rats under the action of complex accelerations were investigated. It was found that administration of drugs with the antimotion-sickness activity--scopolamine, phenamine, phenibut prevented the development of analgesia with the opiate component, the use of low-effective and non-effective with respect to suppression of vestibulo-vegetative disturbances agents--diazepam, ephedrine, haloperidol failed to exert such an effect.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antiepileptic drugs in the combined medicinal prevention of motion sickness].

Different antiepileptic drugs were tested as ingredients of various combinations for the prophylaxis and therapy of motion sickness. The combinations included diphenine, depakene, diazepam, clonazepam, pantogam and pyracetam. The best antimotion effect was recorded when a combination of diphenine and pantogam was used. This combination prevented disorders of cerebral associative processes induced by simulated motion sickness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pyrimidine derivatives: their psychotropic properties and the molecular mechanisms of their central action].

The data on the neuro- and psychotropic effects of exo- and endogenous derivatives of pyrimidine are systematized. Uridine is characterized as an endogenous anxiolytic and antidepressant and thimidine as uridine antagonist. The given properties are probably determined by the binding of pyrimidine nucleosides to GABA, benzodiazepine and imipramine receptors as well as by their influence on the neuromediator systems. The involvement of the system of endogenous pyrimidines in the development of psychoneurological disturbances in man is shown.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Requirement of an "ideal" drug for prevention of space motion sickness].

The range of effects and mechanisms of action of drugs that are promising in terms of the development of a potent and low toxicity drug to prevent space motion sickness was identified. The use of anticonvulsive and adaptogenic drugs as a prophylactic measure of the syndrome was theoretically confirmed. In human studies these drugs were shown to exert a noticeable effect on statokinetic stability and mental performance. Possible mechanisms of anti-motion++ action of the drugs are described. Requirements for an ideal drug to prevent space motion sickness are formulated.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pyrimidines].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗