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Biomedical subjects

N N Maianskaia

Publications and source records attributed to N N Maianskaia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Use of zeolite-containing biologically active food supplement in patients with burn trauma].

The content of cationic protein in blood neutrophils, the serum activity of lysosomal enzymes, the intensity of peroxide lipid oxidation, the antioxidant serum activity and the blood concentration of trace elements were assessed in patients with burn injury. Some patients as addition to the main therapy got zeolyt-containing biological active addition to food (BAAF) "Lytovit" with its ability for sorption and selective ion exchange. Before the beginning of the treatment in all patients high value of the cationic protein degranulation, decrease of neutrophils biocidity, and increase of lipid peroxidation against a background of antioxidant activity were found. In patients, who had got zeolyt containing BAAF, the normalization of trace elements blood concentration and indices of neutrophils functional activity began earlier, then in patients without zeolyt containing biological active addition treatment. "Lytovit" promoted the more early regress of the clinic manifestations: the body temperature normalization, wounds self-cleaning from purulent discharge, diminishing of frequency and area of the grafts lysis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

[The diagnostic and prognostic assessment of the changes in lysosomal enzymatic activity in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarct and unstable stenocardia].

Serum activity of five lysosomal marker enzymes was measured in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP) with consideration of the disease severity. A significant increase of enzyme activity was found both in patients with UAP and AMI on the first day of hospitalization. The enzymes activity was higher in patients with more severe form of AMI. Lysosomal enzyme activity was closely related to severity of the disease: clinical improvement occurred in patients with decreased activity (on day 7-10), while in aggravation of the disease lysosomal hyperenzymemia stayed high up to the end of the observation period (on day 30). The above findings demonstrate feasibility of using lysosomal enzymes test both for differentiation between AMI and UAP and for predicting the disease recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Use of the lysosomal-cation test in evaluation of the severity of illness in patients with ischemic heart disease].

Cytochemical measurements of blood neutrophil lysosomal cationic proteins were carried out in 23 coronary patients (angina pectoris, functional class II-III) and in 20 normal subjects at rest and after graded exercise (bicycle ergometry). The authors come to a conclusion that such measurements may be helpful in assessment of adaptive potential of the body in coronary patients.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1993

[An evaluation of the course and prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in relation to the presence of circulatory failure].

A total of 55 patients with hypertropic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) with and without circulatory insufficiency were examined at rest and in the restorative period (up to 24 hours) after graded exercise. The serum levels of lactate were measured and the activity of lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase were assayed. Healthy untrained donors (n = 21) and athletes (n = 12) with moderately working myocardial hypertrophy, as evidenced by echocardiography served as controls. The patients with HCMP had higher lactate levels and enhanced activity of lysosomal enzymes both at rest and during exercise than the controls. Highest hyperenzymia was found in HCMP patients with circulatory insufficiency and in those without the latter who showed progressive disease even with signs of circulatory insufficiency during 6-9 month follow-ups. In these groups, the patients had the lowest capacity to restore after exercise. It is concluded that the high activity of blood lysosomal enzymes in HCMP patients is a poor predictor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The cytochemical determination of lysosomal cationic proteins in the blood neutrophils in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Examinations of 33 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have revealed Stages I-II circulation insufficiency in 15. The findings were compared with those in 20 untrained normal subjects and 8 athletes. Lysosomal cationic protein levels were measured in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by the cytochemical method at rest, at the peak of dosed exercise (permanently increasing bicycle spiroergometry) and over the course of the recovery period--in 3, 12, and 24 h after exercise. The neutrophil distribution was also estimated by the staining intensity. Lysosomal cationic protein levels in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with and without circulation insufficiency were changed to a different degree; these characteristics essentially varied in the patients, normal untrained subjects, and athletes. Changed levels of lysosomal cationic proteins appear to reflect the microcirculation disorders and the augmenting hypoxemia in the patients with circulation insufficiency, and thus may be used as a criterion to assess the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Chromatin activation as affected by lysosomal proteinases using fluorescent probes].

Activation of nuclear chromatin from rat liver tissue was studied using acridine orange fluorescent probes after partial hepatectomy of after intensive physical exercises in vivo. Under the both conditions the restoration period was characterized by an increase in protein-synthesizing and proliferative reactions, involving preactivation of the lysosomal apparatus in hepatocytes, translocation of lysosomes and association of lysosomal enzymes with nuclei. During the chromatin activation binding of DNA with acridine orange was increased. Vinblastine, administered intraperitoneally at a dose of O.1 mg/100 g during the operation or 1 hr before the exercises, which is recognized as an inhibitor of lysosome translocation, as well as hordox (2,500 un/100 g), an inhibitor of proteinases, decreased distinctly the DNA affinity to acridine orange in both groups the animals studied. In vitro activation of chromatin occurred after incubation of liver nuclei, isolated from intact rats, with the fraction of liver lysosomes. In this case amount of binding sites was increased in DNA by 175%. Pretreatment of lysosomes with EDTA did not affect the chromatin activation. Soy bean inhibitor and iodacetamide decreased the amount of binding sites in chromatin by 115%. Pepstatine decreased completely the activating effect of lysosomes. Thus, three types of lysosomal enzymes: carboxypeptidases, serine- and thiol-dependent proteinases participated in activation of chromatin after the contact of lysosomes with nuclei.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1982

[Role of the lysosomes in altering glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the rat liver during intensive physical loading].

Experiments on rats have shown that heavy exercise induces the synthesis in the liver of the key enzyme of the pentosophosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The maximum activity is reached 6 and 16 hours after the exercise. Initiation of the protein synthesis is related to activation of hepatocyte lysosomes and their translocation to the nucleus. Administration to the rats of the blockers of lysosomal translocation or an inhibitor of proteolytic activity one hour before swimming completely removes the inducing effect of lysosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Functional and ultrastructural lysosome changes in surviving rat liver sections as affected by blood serum lipoproteins].

Using surviving rat liver slices, the influence of blood serum lipoproteins on cellular lysosomes was studied. Lipoproteins were isolated by the preparative isopicnic ultracentrifugation method. Apoproteins were separated by means of delipidation of suitable lipoprotein fractions. After preincubation of liver slices in media with high density lipoproteins (HDLP), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDDLP, VLDLP), apo-HDLP and apo-VLDLP, the rise of free acid hydrolase activities was seen. The stability of lysosomes in hypotonic solutions turned out to be low, and the tendency to lysosomal aggregation increased. Typical peribiliary localization of lysosomes in the cell remained unchanged. Following preincubation of liver slices with hydrocortisone, adrenalin and VLDLP or LDLP, the rise of free lysosomal enzyme activity, greater aggregation and lysosome polymorphism and their less osmotic resistance took place. After liver slice preincubation with hormones and HDLP, besides all of these changes, the lysosomal translocation to the nuclei was seen. When apoproteins, separately or together with hormones, were added, the same type of alteration of lysosomal membranes occurred. Our results suggest an importance of lipo (apo) proteins in the control of structure and functions of cellular lysosomal apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Change in the state of the lysosomes in isolated Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in the process of liver reparative regeneration].

Using hepatectomized rats, it was shown that immediately after a partial liver removal the Kupffer macrophages were accumulated. At the maximal mitotic activity (36 hours following partial hepatectomy), the relative amount of Kupffer cells keeps low, but 72 hours later turns out to be higher again. The periodic changes of the Kupffer cell amount in hepatectomized rats are accompanied by remarkable increase (by 1.5--3 times) of free and total lysosomal enzymes (acid DNAase, DNAase, cathepsin D). The activation of the Kupffer macrophage lysosomes goes ahead of labilization of hepatocyte lysosomal membranes. The blockade of mononuclear phagocyte system by means of carbonate iron in an early prereplicative period leads to an as long as 10--12 hours retardation of hepatocyte proliferation. The role of the Kupffer macrophages in reparative liver regeneration is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of sub-extreme and extreme factors on liver lysosomes].

Functional state of the lysosomal liver system in rats under subextreme and extreme influences (an intense muscle tension, fasting and combination of the both factors) was studied. An elevation of the acid hydrolases activity and labilization of the lysosomal membranes could be observed in the course of the body overstraining. Activation of lysosomal system correlated well with the extent of overstraining and reflected an adaptive reconstruction of the cellular structure and metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Noncoagulative catabolism of fibrinogen].

In catabolism of fibrinogen a function of Cupfer endothelial cells isolated from dog and rabbit liver tissue, was studied. In lysosomal-mitochondrial fraction of Cupfer cells and activator of plasminogen was found. Proteolytic and esterase (hydrolysis of benzoyll-agronine methyl ester) activities were the most typical for lysosomal-mitochondril and supernatant fractions of Cupfer cells. The enzymatic hydrolysis of fibrinogen was not observed in cytoplasmic matrix. The data obtained suggest that under the physiological conditions non-coagulational catabolism of fibrinogen occurred mainly intracellularly.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Various mechanisms of lysosome involvement in the process of tissue injury].

Impairments in structural integrity of liver, heart and skeletal muscle lysosomes followed by necrotic and necrobiotic alterations in the tissues and secretion of active hydrolases in blood were detected under conditions of exhaustive physical exercises in rats when dose-dependent physical loading was studied. At the same time, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy physical loading, carried out as stepwise spiroveloergometry up to the submaximal heart rate, led to release of lysosomal enzymes into blood, which was not observed in healthy persons under similar conditions. The higher level of enzymes was found in circulation of the patients with most severe forms of the disease.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The mechanism of action of hydrocortisone and adrenaline on the hepatic lysosomal apparatus].

The mechanisms of hydrocortisone and adrenalin action on the structure and function of the lysosomal-vacuolar cell apparatus were studied in experiments on liver sections of Wistar rats. The sections were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4 (95% O2 and 5% CO2) at 37 degrees C for 2 h. Hydrocortisone (10(-5) M) and adrenalin (10(-4) M), added to an incubation medium, were shown to produce a labilizing effect on lysosomal membranes, increasing free activity of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D and osmotic sensitivity of lysosomes. alpha-adrenergic blocker dihydroergotamine (3.4 x 10(-5) M) blocked an increase in free activity of acid phosphatase as a result of adrenalin action but did not eliminate hydrocortisone labilizing action. beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol (3 x 10(-4) M) lowered free activity indices and osmotic sensitivity of lysosomes to control values both in the presence of adrenalin and hydrocortisone. The labilization of lysosomal membranes in liver sections was also observed after adding dibutyril-cAMP (10(-8) M) or monobutyril-cGMP (10(-13)-10(-9) M) into the incubation medium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of plasma high density lipoproteins as modulators of specific hormonal effect of hydrocortisone].

Hydrocortisone affected less distinctly the gene expression in rat liver slices as compared with the simultaneous effect of the hormone and blood plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL). These substances acted cooperatively and the phenomenon observed was not reproduced by means of individual components. The protein moiety of HDL, but not of lipid part of the molecule, was of importance in realization of the effect. Inhibitors of lysosomal proteinases (pepstatin, soy bean inhibitor of trypsin and iodoacetamide) as well as inhibitors of lysosomes intracellular translocation (colchicine and vinblastine) blocked completely the cooperative action of hydrocortisone and HDL. Hydrocortisone-dependent activation of chromatin and stimulation of genes expression led to an increase in the binding constant of acridine orange with DNA, while molar concentration of binding sites of the probe was practically unaltered. At the same time, simultaneous effect of hydrocortisone and HDL did not alter the constants for acridine orange binding but concentration of the probe binding sites with DNA was distinctly increased.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of nutrition on lysosomal function during physical loading].

Changes of cardiac, sceletal and hepatic lysosomes effected by three different variants of balanced isocaloric diets: 1--basic, 2--protein-lipid and 3--carbohydrate, with ratios of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in mass 1.0:0.35:2.6; 1.0:0.48:0.67; and 1.0:1.3:10.9, respectively, were studied. Activities of enzymes participating in degradation of carbohydrates (beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) were more increased in the animals fed with the carbohydrate diet. Activation of proteolytic enzymes (cathepsin D) was observed in tissues of rats taking the protein-lipid food. As a rule physical exercise exerts lysosomal enzymes activation and their membrane labilization in rats maintained on the basic diet. Reversial reactions of lysosomes to physical exercise is observed in animals receiving the carbohydrate diet for along time that is expressed in increasing the total activity of lysosomal hydrolases and stabilizing the lysosomal membranes. On the contrary, maintaining the animals on the protein-lipid diet is followed by a more pronounced activation of the lysosomal apparatus of tissues as compared to the basic diet.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗