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Biomedical subjects

N N Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to N N Sharma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effect of Mycobacterium phlei on the development of immunity to Babesia bigemina.

The immunomodulatory role of Mycobacterium phlei against intracellular blood protozoan Babesia bigemina was demonstrated following experimental immunisation and challenge in bovine calves. A lysate of erythrocytes infected (6 x 10(9)) with B. bigemina was used as a source of dead antigen either with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or with a trypsinised culture of M. phlei as a non-specific immunomodulation (NSI) agent with appropriate controls. Following virulent challenge with B. bigemina infected erythrocytes (1 x 10(7)), the NSI printed calves showed 100% protection, while the dead antigen alone with FCA afforded 75% protection. The protective status of the immunising regimes was studied by clinicopathological parameters and assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The role of babesial dead antigen and the effects of M. phlei on the development of immunity to B. bigemina is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Influence of dietary aflatoxin on Eimeria uzura infection in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

A study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary aflatoxin on Eimeria uzura in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Quail receiving 1 part per million (ppm) of dietary aflatoxin B1 and inoculated with 10(5) sporulated oocysts of E. uzura gained significantly less weight than chicks receiving either aflatoxin or coccidia alone. Increased morbidity, mortality and decreased efficiency of feed utilization were also evident. The combination of E. uzura infection and aflatoxicosis resulted in reduction in packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb). The combination of E. uzura infection and aflatoxicosis in Japanese quail may influence the course of coccidial infection due to the additive effects of aflatoxin.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1994

Theileria annulata infection in neonatal bovine calves.

On an organized farm in India, 70 out of 79 cows expected to calve within 30 days revealed the presence of Theileria annulata schizonts and/or piroplasms in their peripheral blood. Similarly, 33 out of 59 calves borne to the above cows also exhibited T. annulata schizonts on day less than 1 to day 19 post partum. The cows and calves were free from Hyalomma anatolicum, an established vector of T. annulata, during the course of study in the winter months, when the activity of ticks is reduced to the minimum. The infection appears to have taken place antenatally.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of Butalex in field cases of bovine theileriosis--short communication.

Lactating cows, heifers, calves and young bulls suffering from naturally occurring bovine tropical theileriosis were treated with Butalex (buparvaquone). As a result of treatment, the clinical signs disappeared and the previously depressed milk yield of cows increased. No mortality was recorded and all the animals recovered.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of temperature on transtadial transmission of Theileria annulata in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks.

The effect of temperature on the transtadial transmission of Theileria annulata in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was studied. Variation in temperature (4-40 degrees C) had a significant effect on moulting rate of the ticks and transmission of theilerial parasites from nymphs to resultant adults. The temperatures above 40 degrees C and below 12 degrees C prevented moulting. Maximum infection levels were obtained in salivary glands of adult ticks when the infected engorged nymphs were incubated at 24-28 degrees C. The infection rate in salivary glands was assessed using a methyl green pyronin technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of bovine tropical theileriosis with buparvaquone.

The antitheilerial activity of buparvaquone in crossbred male calves, experimentally infected with Theileria annulata (Izatnagar isolate) has been tested. Animals were treated intramuscularly at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg1 body weight. A single dose of the drug administered during the phase of ascending parasitaemia cured all the infected calves while all the untreated infected control calves died.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interaction between Eimeria uzura infection and aflatoxicosis in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

The clinical signs and gross lesions caused by Eimeria uzura (10(5) oocysts) in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exhibited little or no influence in the face of intercurrent dietary aflatoxicosis (1 p.p.m. of aflatoxin B1 from Day 0 to 55). Similarly, no significant differences in the mucosal morphology of the intestine were evident histologically between the two groups of Japanese quail. The nervous signs of ataxia, leg weakness, incoordination of movement, torticollis and terminal opisthotonos were toxin-induced manifestations. In the aflatoxic quail, hypoplastic changes and selective depletion of lymphocytes were more prominent in the bursa of fabricius. Increased relative mean weights of liver, kidney, spleen, crop, proventriculus and gizzard were observed in birds due to aflatoxin sensitivity. The combination of E. uzura infection and aflatoxicosis in Japanese quail may cause significant weight loss, and increased oocyst production and reproductive potential.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1989

Prophylactic efficacy of buparvaquone in experimentally induced Theileria annulata infection in calves.

The antitheilerial activity of buparvaquone (BW 720C) was evaluated in experimentally induced Theileria annulata infections in cross-bred male calves. T. annulata infections were induced by injecting a suspension of infected ground tick tissue suspension (GUTTS) equivalent to two ticks subcutaneously into each calf. Buparvaquone at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 body weight was given as a single injection (intramuscularly) on Day 0 (Group 1), Day 8 (Group 2) and Day 12 (Group 3) post-infection. The animals in Groups 4 and 5 were untreated and challenged controls, respectively. All of the recovered animals from Groups 1-4 were challenged with a lethal dose of T. annulata at 6 weeks post-infection. The immunized animals were resistant to the homologous challenge, which killed three of four control animals (Group 5); the controls showed typical antemortem and post-mortem lesions of theileriosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes in blood chemical components during experimentally induced Theileria annulata infections in cattle.

During the course of infection of calves with Theileria annulata levels of glucose, calcium, proteins, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium decreased and those of bilirubin, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase increased with no changes in sodium and acid phosphatase levels. Several of these biochemical alterations have been explained in relation to the injury to the liver and other organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparative efficacy of drugs in bovine anaplasmosis.

Calves experimentally infected with Anaplasma marginale were subjected to chemotherapeutic treatment in groups, each group receiving one drug only. Observations were made on clinical signs, haematological changes, parasitaemias and levels of antibodies as measured by the complement fixation test. The most effective treatment was with imidocarb; other drugs which were apparently effective were steclin, terramycin and aureomycin in that order, while chloroquin diphosphate and camoquin gave little indication of therapeutic value.

Amodiaquine↗
PubMed1976

Effects of 60Co irradiation of the early developmental stages of an ixodid tick, Hyalomma anatolicum.

Various developmental stages of Hyalomma anatolicum were subjected to a range of doses of 60Co radiation from 0-10 000 R, and their subsequent development was observed. Some of these ticks were infected with Theileria annulata. Doses of 2000 R and over prevented all but a very limited development of ticks. After 1000 R a proportion of exposed individuals continued development in a near-normal manner. Lower doses had proportionately less effect. 1000 R to ticks infected with T. annulata failed to prevent transmission of typical theileriasis to calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of 60Co irradiation on unfed adults and engorged females of the tick Hyalomma anatolicum.

Unfed and engorged adults of the cattle tick Hyalomma anatolicum, known to be biological vector of Theileria anmulata in India, were exposed to various levels of gamma-radiation from 0-60 000 R, and the effect on engorgement and redproduction was observed. The radiation tolerance limit for unfed adults is 1000 R for engorgement and reproduction. The sterilizing dose for most of the males is 2000 R but the females can tolerate a slightly higher dose. Engorged females have a tolerance limit of 10 000 R for oviposition and 1000 R for larval development. Higher dosages (20 000-60 000 R) have adverse effects on development, completely inhibiting egg-laying at 60 000 R, but these females (60 000 R) live longer (10 weeks) than those irradiated at lower levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Alkaline and acid phosphatase in murine leukemia.

Alterations for acid and alkaline phosphatase levels and their pattern of splenic and lymph node activity in normal and virus-induced lymphoblastic leukemia were studied. Enzyme levels were examined by using both cytochemical and biochemical procedures. The GC leukemia virus, a ribonucleic acid murine virus antigenically related to the Rauscher-Moloney viruses, was used to stimulate acid and alkaline phosphatase by producing lymphomaceous disease in Ha/ICR mice. With the Burstone and Gomori cytochemical procedures, both enzymes were found in higher than normal levels in lymphomaceous spleen and lymph nodes. Confirmation of the cytochemical studies was obtained by enzyme assay of cell-free homogenates in each case with the exception of spleen acid phosphatase. The discrepancy between the cytochemical tests which showed significant elevation of spleen acid phosphatase and the enzyme assays which failed to reveal such elevation could be due to a labile acid phosphatase isozyme which is lost on cellular disruption during homogenate preparation. A significant spleen alkaline phosphatase specific activity elevation above normal was found with a 50% incidence only when leukemic spleen wet weight increased nearly threefold its normal value. This result suggests that alkaline phosphatase elevation is a secondary event occuring after the onset of disease and is not a fundamental metabolic alteration concerned with the onset of murine lymphoblastic leukemia.

Acid Phosphatase↗