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Biomedical subjects

N N Volodin

Publications and source records attributed to N N Volodin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Peculiarities of microbial colonization of the intestinal tract in newborns and pre-term infants in intensive care units].

The aim of the study was to compare the development of intestinal microflora in clinically healthy newborns, born by mothers with physiological pregnancy, and in small premature infants, who were treated in intensive care units (ICU) using various regimens of antibacterial therapy. The study revealed that the most frequent bacteria found in the intestinal tract of healthy infants at the and of neonatal period were bifidobacteria, enterobacteria, and coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. Together with large quantity of autochtonous bacteria, the study revealed conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, such as klebsiella and coagulase-positive staphylococci at the end of neonatal period. The intestinal microflora of premature infants in ICU, treated with a combination of third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides from the first hours of life, was characterized by total absence of indigenous microflora, and prevalence of enterococci and staphylococci. The results show that the first stage of antibacterial therapy of preterm infants in ICU should be based upon the principles of selective decontamination.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Neurological deficit and disturbances in higher nervous activity during modeling of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system in rat pups.

Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups were subjected to unilateral occlusion of the common cerebral artery and maintained in oxygen-low atmosphere. Neurological and behavioral changes were monitored for 12 weeks. The survival rate of treated animals was 90%. Body weight gain in these rats was lower than in the control. Neurological deficit was maximum 1 week after treatment and slightly regressed by the 12th week. Locomotor activity in treated rats was higher than in controls. Administration of ketamine in subanesthetic doses caused permanent ipsilateral rotational asymmetry in animals. Spatial disorientation and cognitive deficit in rats with hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system were revealed in passive avoidance, Y-maze, and rotarod tests. The total area of the hemisphere decreased, while the area of the lateral cerebral ventricle increased at the side of occlusion over the first 4-5 weeks of postnatal development. The size of the ipsilateral hemisphere remained low in adult animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Enzyme immunoassay of NSE and GFAP as the criterion of dynamic evaluation of the rat blood-brain barrier in perinatal hypoxic ischemic injury of the CNS.

Enzyme immunoassay of the serum neurospecific antigens (gliofibrillar acid protein and neurospecific enolase) was used for evaluation of the resistance of the blood-brain barrier in Wistar rats with perinatal hypoxia and ischemia of the CNS. Perinatal hypoxia and ischemia of the CNS was modeled by two methods: ligation of the common carotid artery in 7-day-old rats followed by 3.5-h hypoxic hypoxia or 15-min anoxic exposure of fetuses isolated via hysterectomy on day 21 of gestation. Enzyme immunoassay of serum gliofibrillar acid protein and neurospecific enolase in control an experimental rat pups was carried out once a week during 3 months. In controls serum levels of gliofibrillar acid protein and neurospecific enolase virtually did not change during postnatal development, while in animals with cerebral hypoxia and ischemia induced in fetuses by both methods serum concentration of neurospecific enolase sharply increased 1 week after the injury and increased on weeks 6 and 10. The content of gliofibrillar acid protein was maximum on week 1 and later considerably varied, the peaks of its concentrations observed on weeks 3 and 8 preceded the increase in neurospecific enolase activity in peripheral blood.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of the efficacy of cell preparations from embryonic ventral mesencephalon of various prenatal age transplanted intrastriatally to rats with 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonism.

Cell preparations of ventral mesencephalon obtained from 8-, 14-, and 16-17-day rat embryos were stereotactically transplanted to homologous rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemiparkinsonism. Automated analysis of apomorphine-induced motor asymmetry for 3 months after neurotransplantation revealed higher efficacy of cell preparations from 8- and lower from 16-17-day-old embryos. These data correlated with histomorphological findings, in particular, with the size of grafts, glial reaction, and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Etiology and microbiological diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in newborns].

A comparative analysis of the cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among premature infants in intensive care units and premature infant nurseries in 1994 (group I) and 1999 (group II) is presented. It was shown that the number of the cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the premature infants of group. I was 2,4 times higher than that in the group II (45.8 and 19.2 per cent respectively). A marked difference in the species pattern of the pathogens isolated from the endobronchial aspirate in 1994 and 1999 was observed. The species pattern of the isolates from the respiratory tract (Pseudomonas aeruginosa--40 per cent; Klebsiella pneumoniae--31 per cent; Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus--rare) showed that the pneumonia were nosocomial. The revealed similarity of the species patterns of the microflora in various parts of the respiratory tract and the throat posterior wall made it possible to consider the isolates of the throat posterior wall as a relative guide for confirming the etiological diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2001

[Computed tomography for the diagnosis of the brain damage in infants].

To optimize the diagnosis, a retrospective analysis of cerebral structural changes in newborns and infants with neurological symptoms has been carried out. X-ray computed tomography has been used in 132 newborns and 494 infants, aged from 1 month to 1 year. The study enabled objective diagnosis for conducting an adequate therapy or correcting a treatment. The reasons for computed tomography using in infants have been updated in the study.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

[An immunochemical analysis of the function of the hemato-encephalic barrier in acute fetal hypoxia and asphyxia neonatorum].

The neurospecific protein alpha 1-globulin has been assayed in serum in order to evaluate the blood-brain barrier in newborns with acute intrapartum hypoxia. The study involved 35 term newborns with birth asphyxia of variable severity. The alpha 1-globulin levels correlated with severity of condition at birth, duration of intrauterine exposure to hypoxia and the presence of obstetric complications and clinical severity of cerebral circulatory disorders. A normal early adaptation and effective therapy reduced serum alpha 1-globulin levels 4-8-fold on the 3rd postnatal day and 6-16-fold on the 5th day. Deterioration of neurological symptoms was parallelled by a significant increase in protein levels (to 6400 ng/ml) at day 5. This evidence may confirm the fact that permeability of the blood-brain barrier is impaired by intrapartum hypoxia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[The correction of dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal microflora by using a preparation made from highly adhesive lactobacteria].

The effectiveness of a new bacterial preparation obtained from highly adhesive lactobacteria and intended for the correction of dysbiotic disturbances of vaginal microflora was studied in the treatment of 60 pregnant women with dysbacteriosis of the maternal passages. 30 pregnant women were simultaneously treated by the vaginal application of Lactobacterin. The study showed that the use of the preparation of highly adhesive lactobacteria caused the pronounced and stable correction of the microflora of the maternal passages. This correction was manifested by the domination of lactic acid bacterial flora and a decrease in the number of opportunistic microorganisms.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1990

[Adaptation of newborn infants with very low birth weight].

The clinical and metabolic adaptation to extrauterine life in preterm was comprehensively evaluated in newborns with 28-34 weeks of gestation. A high incidence of aggravating factors that underlie the development of chronic fetal hypoxia has been revealed. The early neonatal events comprised impairment of cerebral flow, jaundice, oedema, respiratory disorders, infectious toxicosis, the manifestation rate being inversely proportional to the gestational age. A significant immunological impairment was noted along with the serum electrolyte imbalance and changes in bilirubin metabolism. Development and introduction of highly information assessment methods for intrauterine fetal development into practice is essential for the management of very low-birthweight infants. Dynamic follow-up of women at risk of unfavourable pregnancy outcome together with monitoring of the intrauterine fetal development, neonatal adaptation to the extrauterine life, and infants' further development would raise significantly the efficacy of the medical care of mothers and their preterm babies.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

[Status of the blood-brain barrier in newborn infants of various gestational ages in the normal state and in pathology].

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in 76 neonates of different gestation age in health and disease by means of detecting specific alpha-1-globulin in blood serum with the aid of ELISA. It has been established that by week 28 of the intrauterine development the process of the structural and functional establishment of the BBB had been over as evidenced by the lack of specific alpha-1-globulin in umbilical blood of the neonates of the given gestation age. Severe chronic intrauterine hypoxia combined with acute hypoxia resulted in brain damage and BBB opening for antigen penetration in the direction brain-blood. The measurement of the concentration of alpha-1-globulin in the course of observing the neonates made it possible to predict the degree of the CNS damage.

Alpha-Globulins↗