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N Naka

Publications and source records attributed to N Naka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 protein in early squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus treated with photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in early squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus has been shown to result in complete response (CR) and cure. However, local recurrence after PDT develops frequently even after complete remission. Because the effect of PDT had been reported to depend on apoptosis, and apoptosis is inhibited by bcl-2 protein, the relationship between the expression of bcl-2 protein and local recurrence after PDT was examined immunohistochemically. From 1983 to 1997, 50 patients with 59 early squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus received PDT, and a CR was obtained in 43 lesions (72.8%). As there was no recurrence among tumours that were disease-free for more than 2 years, in this study the tumours were defined as cured when recurrence did not occur 2 years subsequent to the receiving of PDT. Of these CR lesions, 31 carcinomas (53.4%) resulted in a cure. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was detected in 23 tumours (46.9%) and p53 immunoreactivity was detected in 22 tumours (44.9%). When all tumours were divided into either a large tumour with a longitudinal tumour length of 10 mm or more, or a small tumour with a length of less than 10 mm, the large tumour expressed more bcl-2 protein than the small tumour (P = 0.0155). The degree of bcl-2 expression was significantly related with tumour size (P = 0.0155). The expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein was not associated with the cure rate due to PDT. Tumour length and T status in TNM staging were significantly related to the cure by univariate analysis. T status was the only predictor of the cure according to mutivariate analysis. Of 42 CR lesions, the expression of neither bcl-2 nor p53 protein was associated with local recurrence; only T status was significantly associated (P = 0.008). The relationship between the expression of oncoprotein and local recurrence after PDT was not documented in this study. The success of PDT may depend on the exact assessment of tumour size under optimized PDT illumination.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Autopsy case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea: endobronchial treatment improves quality of life].

A 67-year-old man presented with dyspnea on exertion. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a tumor arising from the middle portion of the trachea and extending to the right main bronchus. The pathological diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma. Radiotherapy and subsequent endobronchial electrocautery were performed, and elicited a partial response. In the clinical course. Dumon and Ultraflex stents were placed in the trachea asynchronically. Brachytherapy and esophageal stent placement were also performed for tumor control in the trachea and esophagus. Autopsy revealed that the tumor had invaded the trachea and esophagus, and bacterial mediastinitis was also demonstrated. Because the tumor was successfully controlled during the following 4 years and 9 months, we concluded that endobronchial therapy such as stent placement or electrocautery is useful for maintaining good quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Solitary squamous papilloma of the bronchus associated with human papilloma virus type 11.

A 79-year-old female presented with persistent dry cough, and a chest radiograph showed a mass shadow in the right upper lung. Bronchoscopic examination revealed that the right main bronchus was severely obstructed by a polypoid tumor, which was diagnosed pathologically as squamous papilloma. After the failure of the attempted endobronchial snare to remove the tumor, right upper lobectomy was performed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination showed the presence of human papilloma virus type 11 DNA in the resected tumor, suggesting that this virus was the cause of this solitary squamous papilloma of the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The application of radio-opaque markers prior to ileostomy in an infant with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: report of a case.

We report the case of a 6-month-old boy who developed chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction soon after birth. A rectal biopsy demonstrated immaturity of the neuronal cells in the enteral ganglion. His clinical course was stressful, with remission and exacerbation despite conservative treatment with daily bowel irrigation, prokinetic agents, and parenteral nutrition. Since the infant developed serious enterocolitis associated with the increased severity of his bowel obstruction, and no substantial gain in body weight was observed, a loop-ileostomy was performed based on X-ray findings with radio-opaque markers, which were employed to evaluate the whole gut transit time. The radio-opaque markers proved extremely useful for determining which loop of the ileum should be utilized for the ileostomy.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1997

Mutations of p53 tumor-suppressor gene in angiosarcoma.

Transgenic mice deficient for the p53 gene were reported to frequently develop angiosarcoma (AS), suggesting that alterations in the gene are associated with tumorigenesis of AS. However, little is known about genetic changes, including p53 gene alterations, in human AS because of its rarity. We analyzed p53 mutations on paraffin-embedded specimens from 33 patients with AS by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) followed by direct sequencing. Age of patients ranged from 18 to 91 (median 70) years, with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Sites of tumor were the head in 13 patients, the trunk in 4, the extremities in 4, the heart in 4, bones in 2 and others in 6. PCR-SSCP revealed aberrant mobility shifts of bands in 17 cases: 11 in exon 5, 5 in exon 7 and 4 in exon 8. Direct sequencing on these 17 cases revealed a total of 20 mutations. The frequency of p53 mutations was different by site of tumors: 7 of 13 in head, all 4 in extremities, 2 of 4 in heart and none of 4 in trunk. Our findings suggest that occurrence of p53 mutation is a major pathway for development of human AS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Tumor size as a prognostic indicator of histologic grade of soft tissue sarcoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tumor size is one of the independent factors affecting prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). We evaluated the significance of tumor size in combination with tumor depth in each histologic grade. METHODS: A total of 162 adult patients with localized STS in the extremities and trunk were selected. Patient ages ranged from 15 to 84 (median 46.5) years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.19. Histologic grade of tumors was low in 53 cases, intermediate in 51, and high in 58. Two types of categorization were set, and their significance in predicting the prognosis of patients in each grade was evaluated. In the first category (intermediate grade), tumors were dichotomized at 10 cm: Group A comprised patients with deeply seated tumors measuring > 10 cm; Group B comprised patients other than those in Group A. In the second category (high grade), tumors were dichotomized at 5 cm: Group C comprised patients with deeply seated tumors measuring > 5 cm; Group D comprised patients other than those in Group C. RESULTS: Categorization was not useful in the prognosis of low grade tumors. In the intermediate grade group, the 5-year-survival rate of Group B patients (78%) was higher than in Group A patients (59%) (P < 0.05), showing that dichotomization at 10 cm was useful. In the high grade group, the 5-year survival rate in Group C patients (32%) was lower than in Group D patients (56%), showing that dichotomization at 5 cm was useful. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that tumor size for the prognosis of patients with STS differs according to each histologic grade.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A pilot study of concurrent whole-brain radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with cisplatin, vindesine and mitomycin in non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis.

We have evaluated the feasibility, toxicity, and tumour response of concurrent whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and chemotherapy with cisplatin, vindesine and mitomycin in the treatment of 33 patients with brain metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The imaging response demonstrated that 25 patients (75.8%) responded to brain lesions, including five complete responders, and the response rate to primary lesion was 18%. The treatment improved at least one grade of performance status in 30% and of neurological functions in 55% of the patients. The major toxicity was leucopenia (> or = grade 3, 84.4%). Median survival was 9.7 months and the 1-year survival rate was 40%. Concurrent WBRT and chemotherapy can be safely administered to patients with brain metastasis from NSCLC, with a remarkable response rate, improvement of neurological functions and encouraging survival duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Production of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 by Epstein-Barr-virus-expressing pyothorax-associated lymphoma: possible role in the development of overt lymphoma in immunocompetent hosts.

Malignant lymphomas frequently develop in the pleural cavity of patients with long-standing pyothorax. Thus, the term pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) has been proposed for this type of tumor. Most PALs are diffuse lymphomas of B cell type and contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. We have established two lymphoma cell lines from the biopsy specimens of PAL cases, OPL-1 and OPL-2. Both cell lines contain EBV DNA, but only OPL-1 expresses EBV nuclear antigen 2, which works as a target molecule for the cell-mediated immune response. As systemic immunodeficiency is unlikely to be present in PAL patients, PAL from which OPL-1 derived was not expected to be fully developed. In this study, we examined the expression of immunosuppressive factors in OPLs. Only OPL-1, not OPL-2, expressed interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and secreted IL-10 into culture supernatant. Both OPL-1 and OPL-2 expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 mRNA; however, neither expressed latent TGF-beta-binding protein mRNA at a detectable level by Northern blot analysis. Because TGF-beta expresses its functions in cooperation with latent TGF-beta-binding protein, the biological functions of TGF-beta 1 could be negligible. Neither cell line expressed at a detectable level EBV BCRF-1 mRNA, a viral gene product that is partly homologous to human IL-10 and shares biological activities of IL-10. Although IL-10 is reported to promote the growth of activated or neoplastic B cells, OPL-1 did not respond to human recombinant IL-10 by growing faster. As OPL-1 expresses a target antigen for the host cytotoxic T-cell response, the production of an immuno-suppressive cytokine, IL-10, might contribute to the development of overt lymphoma by inducing locally immunosuppressive circumstances. The present study suggests that an immunosuppressive cytokine plays a role in lymphomagenesis of immunocompetent patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Role of an immunosuppressive cytokine, interleukin-10, in the development of pyothorax-associated lymphoma.

Malignant lymphoma frequently develops in the pleural cavity of the patients with long-standing pyothorax. Thus, the term pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) has been proposed for this type of tumor. Most of PALs are diffuse lymphoma of B cell type and contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. We have established two lymphoma cell lines from the biopsy specimens of PAL cases, OPL-1 and OPL-2. Both cell lines contain EBV DNA, but only OPL-1 expresses Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) that works as a target molecule for cell-mediated immune response. In this study, we examined the expression of immunosuppressive factors in OPLs. Only OPL-1, not OPL-2, expressed interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and secreted IL-10 into culture supernatant. Both OPL-1 and OPL-2 expressed transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 mRNA, however, neither expressed latent TGF beta binding protein (LTBP) mRNA at detectable level by Northern blot analysis. Because TGF beta expresses its functions in cooperation with LTBP, the biological functions of TGF beta 1 could be negligible. Neither cell lines expressed EBV BCRF1 mRNA at detectable level, a viral gene product which is partly homologous to human IL-10 and shares biological activities of IL-10. Since OPL-1 shows weaker proliferative activity than OPL-2 and expresses viral antigens, the production of an immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10, might contribute to the development of overt lymphoma. The present study suggested that immunosuppressive cytokine plays a role in lymphomagenesis of immunocompetent patients.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1997

[Correlation between the tumor marker Pro-GRP and prognosis in patients with small-cell lung cancer].

We studied 90 patients with small-cell lung cancer in whom levels of Pro-GRP were abnormally high before therapy. Changes in the serum Pro-GRP level have been said to correlate strongly with therapeutic responses in patients with small-cell lung cancer. We found that changes in the serum Pro-GRP level (half-life > or = 30 vs < 30 days) were a significant prognostic factor. Multivariate analysis showed that in these patients the Pro-GRP level after therapy, Performance Status, and age were independent prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Alterations of the p53 gene in occupational bladder cancer in workers exposed to aromatic amines.

Epidemiologic studies have revealed an increased risk for development of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) among dye workers/painters occupationally exposed to aromatic amines such as benzidine, beta-naphthylamine, orthotoluidine, and aniline. In the present study, p53 gene mutations in 26 patients with bladder lesions occupationally exposed to aromatic amines were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified DNA segments, followed by direct sequencing. All were male, and age at admission ranged from 43 to 75 (median 66) years. Twenty-nine biopsy specimens were from primary lesions; 17 (61%) of these lesions were from TCC including one carcinoma in situ (CIS); 11 were from dysplasia; and 1 was taken from normal-looking transitional epithelium adjoining TCC. TCC lesions included 12 with low-grade (Grade 1 or 2) and 5 with high-grade (Grade 3 or CIS) changes. Twenty-four recurrent lesions were biopsied in 16 patients: TCC was found in 12 lesions (50%), CIS in 1 (4%), and dysplasia in 11 (46%). All lesions were localized within the submucosa except for two, which invaded into the muscle layers. PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis demonstrated that mutations (a) occurred in both dysplasia and in normal-looking epithelium, in addition to TCC lesions; (b) were at different sites in the p53 gene in concurrent or metachronous lesions; and (c) occurred in exon 5 in approximately 70% of lesions, especially at codons 151 and 152. C to T transitions were predominantly seen. These findings clearly show differences in the pattern of p53 mutation in occupational versus nonoccupational bladder lesions. Because both common and unique point mutations were found in p53 in concurrent and metachronous lesions, our results suggest that the multifocality of occupational bladder cancer arises both from multiple clonal lesions (field change) and from the dissemination of a single clone.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent infection genes and oncogenes in lymphoma cell lines derived from pyothorax-associated lymphoma.

Malignant lymphomas frequently develop in the pleural cavity of patients with long-standing pyothorax. The term pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) has been proposed for this type of tumor. Most PALs are diffuse lymphomas of the B-cell type and contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. We have established 2 lymphoma cell lines from biopsy specimens of PAL cases, OPL-1 and OPL-2, and examined their growth characteristics and the expression of EBV latent infection genes and oncogenes. OPL-2 exhibited a more rapid growth and higher saturation density than OPL-1, and only OPL-2 exhibited colony-forming activity in soft agar. OPL-1 and -2 were positive for B-cell differentiation markers and showed clonal surface immunoglobulins. Both line contained a single predominant form of episomal EBV DNA, indicating clonal cellular proliferation of an EBV-infected progenitor cell. OPL-1 and -2 contained type B and A EBV genome, respectively. Expression of EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)2 mRNA and protein was detected by Northern and Western blot analysis in OPL-1, but not in OPL-2. On the other hand, the expression of latent membrane protein (LMP)1 mRNA in both OPL-1 and -2 was extremely weak and detectable only by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of LMP1 was not observed by Western blot analysis or immunocytochemistry. Both lines expressed c-myc mRNA. Only OPL-1 expressed mRNA of c-fgr, an oncogene whose expression is upregulated by EBNA2. Both OPLs expressed bcl-2 mRNA without detectable expression of LMP1 protein.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Prognostic factors in angiosarcoma: a multivariate analysis of 55 cases.

Data for prognostic factors in angiosarcoma (AS) are limited, prompting a large-scale study of AS with multivariate analysis. To analyze prognostic factors in angiosarcoma (AS), clinical and histologic findings in 55 patients collected from hospitals in Japan were reviewed. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards models. The study involved 32 males and 23 females, ages 18-93 (median, 69) years. The primary sites of tumors included head and neck (32 cases), trunk (10), extremities (3), spleen (3), breast (3), and other (4). The overall 2-year survival rate was 21%. Univariate analysis of clinical factors including age, sex, size and depth of tumor, tumor-related symptoms, interval between onset of symptoms and admission, surgical procedures, adjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant radiotherapy showed that age, tumor size, and mode of treatment were significant for survival. Histologic factors analyzed were mitotic counts, cellularity, cellular pleomorphism, extent of necrosis, vascular differentiation, and nonspecific diagnosis. Only mitotic counts were significant for prognosis. Multivariate analysis on these four factors revealed that tumor size, mode of treatment, and mitotic counts were independent prognostic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Use of immunohistochemical procedures in diagnosing angiosarcoma. Evaluation of 98 cases.

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis of angiosarcoma, predominantly showing a non- or poorly vasoformative proliferation from other types of sarcomas, poorly differentiated carcinomas, and amelanotic melanoma, is often problematic. METHODS: The use of antibodies directed against Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRA), Ulex europaeus lectin type 1 (UEA-1), CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the diagnosis of angiosarcoma was examined in 98 cases of autopsy-proven angiosarcoma diagnosed during 1974-1990 in a survey of 178 Japanese hospitals. Reactivity of angiosarcoma cells for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and melanoma cell antigen (HMB45) also was examined. RESULTS: Histologic specimens were formed exclusively by vasoformative areas in 32 cases and combined vasoformative and varying extents of non- or poorly vasoformative areas in another 66 cases. In vasoformative areas, the proliferating cells showed a diffuse positive reaction in the cytoplasm and/or cell surface for anti-FVII-IRA in 82 (84%) of 98 cases, for anti-CD31 in 78 (80%), and for UEA-1 in 69 (70%). In non- or poorly vasoformative areas, the positivity rate for FVIIIRA, CD31, and UEA-1 was 29%, 62%, and 46%, respectively. A positive reaction was found for either one of three endothelial markers in the non- or poorly vasoformative areas of 57 cases (86%). Epithelial membrane antigen and anticytokeratin antibody were positive in 4 and 11 cases, respectively, in the vasoformative areas and in 3 and 14 cases, respectively, in non- or poorly vasoformative areas with a simultaneous positive reaction for either one of three endothelial cell markers. None of the proliferating cells showed a positive reactivity for HMB45. The positivity rates of the angiosarcoma cells for each marker were different according to the primary tumor sites. The angiosarcoma cells in non- or poorly vasoformative areas showed the lowest positivity rate for anti-FVIIIRA in the heart (9%) and for anti-CD31 in the extremities (17%) and the highest positivity rate for anticytokeratin in the trunk (60%). Ulex europaeus lectin type 1 had almost the same reactivity rate (30-56%) in every organ. Angiosarcoma cells in 13 (36%) of 36 biopsy specimens and 8 (14%) of 56 autopsy specimens were positive for the anti-VEGF antibody. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the combined use of endothelial cell markers including FVIIIRA, UEA-1, and CD31 is useful in the diagnosis of angiosarcoma, especially in cases exclusively with a non- or poorly vasoformative pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Angiosarcoma in Japan. A review of 99 cases.

BACKGROUND: Angiosarcoma is rare, and information about its clinical features are limited. Therefore, a large scale study of angiosarcoma was performed in Japan. METHODS: Through a nationwide Japanese study, 99 cases of angiosarcoma were collected and their clinicopathologic findings were summarized relative to predisposing risk factors. RESULTS: The patient age at diagnosis was 3-92 years, (mean, 62 years), with a two to one male to female ratio. The head and face were the most common primary site (29 cases); other sites were liver (17); trunk (13): pleural cavity (6), chest wall (2), abdominal wall (2), buttock (2), inguinal region (1); heart (12); and extremities (7). The proven predisposing risk factors included chronic pyothorax for angiosarcoma in the pleural cavity (six), thorotrast in the liver (five), radiotherapy to the abdominal wall and buttock (four), and chronic limb edema of the forearm (one). Irrespective of primary sites, the majority of cases had metastases to lung in 72 cases, bone in 42, liver in 36, regional lymph nodes in 30, and adrenal gland in 24. The 2-year survival rate was 17%. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes a different etiology in the development of angiosarcoma in patients from Japan compared with that of patients from Western countries, though the frequency of angiosarcoma among all soft-tissue sarcomas was similar in both areas. In Japan, chronic pyothorax, radiotherapy, and thorotrast proved to be distinctive causative factors of angiosarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Angiomatous lesions in the wall of chronic pyothorax.

Formation of massive hematoma in the cavity of chronic pyothorax (CP) has been described previously, but its mechanism remained unclear. In the present study of 99 cases, the vascular lesions in the wall of CP were examined by histological methods, including immunohistochemistry. The age of patients ranged from 42 to 80 years (mean 57 years), with a male to female ratio of 3.3. Histologically the CP wall was covered by a fibrin layer containing cellular debris and red blood cells. Directly beneath the fibrin layer, a fibrous layer of varied thickness was present that extended to the subserosal tissue or so-called fat plane defined by computed tomography. At the junctional region between the fibrin and fibrous layer, angiomatous lesions were observed in 33 cases (Group I). In the fibrin layer of this group, dilated vessels frequently bulged into the pleural cavity. In another two cases, closely packed large vessels with irregularly thickened walls resembled an arteriovenous fistula (Group II). In seven patients, histologic specimens showed a total necrosis. The remaining 57 cases without the findings in Groups I and II were categorized as Group III. These findings suggested that formation of angiomatous lesion preceed intrapleural bleeding, which occasionally progressed to form a massive hematoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor mRNA in angiosarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a specific mitogen for endothelial cells in vitro, can be angiogenic factor in vivo. VEGF is known to be produced by several tumor cells and plays an important role for neovascularization in tumor tissue. Recently, tyrosine kinase encoded by the flt gene was identified as a receptor for VEGF. Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignant tumor that arises from endothelium. At present, little is known about a mechanism of proliferation of the AS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In an immunohistochemical study of 99 cases of AS, 11 cases showing a positive reaction for anti-VEGF Ab were selected for the present study. In these cases, expression of VEGF and its receptor (flt) mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization: sense and antisense probes for VEGF and flt mRNA were used. RESULTS: In situ hybridization study with antisense probes revealed that the VEGF mRNA was expressed in AS cells and mononuclear cells in all but one case. Intensity of VEGF staining by immunohistochemistry correlated well with VEGF mRNA expression. The flt mRNA was expressed in AS cells in all 10 cases that were positive for VEGF mRNA. Sense probe for VEGF and flt mRNA gave no positive reactions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a presence of paracrine or autocrine mechanism of proliferation in AS through VEGF and its receptor flt.

Aged↗