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Biomedical subjects

N Nand

Publications and source records attributed to N Nand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Wegener's granulomatosis. A distinct gingival lesion.

A hyperplastic (strawberry) gingivitis is a feature of Wegener's granulomatosis. A further case is described in which the only manifestations to date have been the gingival lesion. The diagnostic value of the ANCA test is discussed for patients who present with an unusual hyperplastic gingivitis.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗
PubMed1992

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in meningitis.

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) was measured serially in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in 23 cases of meningitis (15 pyogenic and 8 tuberculous meningitis) and an equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls, to find out its diagnostic and prognostic significance in meningitis. GGTP activity was significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) in CSF and serum in meningitis as compared to control subjects. Levels were significantly higher in pyogenic as compared to tuberculous meningitis (p less than 0.001) and in CSF than in serum (p less than 0.001). The maximum elevation was seen on the 1st day and thereafter the activity declined in the majority (65.2%) of cases. However, in 3 cases of pyogenic meningitis and 5 cases of tuberculous meningitis, the GGTP activity on subsequent estimation increased serially; all these 8 cases died. It is concluded that CSF GGTP activity is significantly elevated in meningitis and serial rise in its activity is associated with poor prognosis and even fatal outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Autonomic function tests and clinical significance of dysautonomia in chronic liver disease.

Autonomic function in 20 patients with chronic liver diseases was assessed clinically and by various tests like Valsalva ratio, expiratory-inspiratory ratio, postural tachycardia index, atropine ratio, blood pressure response to assumption of erect posture, hand immersion in cold water, and finger wrinkling response to hand immersion in warm water. Eighty per cent of the patients showed some clinical evidence of dysautonomia. While a good correlation between various clinical complaints of dysautonomia and the extent of parasympathetic dysfunction was observed in the individual patient, a significantly greater impairment of sympathetic function tests was observed in oliguric cirrhotics as compared to their non-oliguric counterparts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Successful haemodialysis via an unusually sited subclavian catheter.

A 38-year old woman with a history of congenital rubella required temporary venous access for haemodialysis. A left sided subclavian catheter was inserted percutaneously and on check radiography it was found to be on the left side of the mediastinum. Contrast radiography showed that the catheter was in a left sided superior vena cava which drained into the right atrium via the coronary sinus. Haemodialysis was performed without any difficulty.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Autonomic function tests in cases of chronic severe anaemia.

Autonomic functions were studied in 30 adult cases of chronic severe anaemia (CSA) and equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to standing, to respiration (expiratory-inspiratory ratio), to Valsalva manoeuvre (Valsalva ratio) and to hand immersion in ice cold water and given 1.8 mg of atropine intravenously were studied. Patients with CSA had significantly high basal pulse rate and low blood pressure as compared to control subjects (p less than 0.001). The expiratory inspiratory ratio was abnormal in 30% of the cases of CSA (p greater than 0.10) valsalva ratio was abnormal in 50% of cases (p less than 0.01) and postural tachycardia was observed in 60% of cases (p less than 0.001). Normal response to hand immersion in ice cold water was observed in 56.6% of cases (p less than 0.001). Atropine resulted in tachycardia in 73.4% of cases of CSA as compared to 86.7% of controls (p less than 0.10). All the cases of CSA showed one or more abnormal response and in 16.6% of cases all responses were abnormal.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cardiovascular complications of aluminum phosphide poisoning.

Aluminum phosphide is widely used as a grain preservative. Recently some reports have appeared in the literature in which serious toxic effects of this agent have been reported, and a number of fatal complications, including shock and cardiac dysrhythmias, have been increasingly seen. Of 25 cases of aluminum phosphide poisoning the authors observed over a period of two years, 16 cases (64%) had evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Despite adequate treatment, 40% of the patients died. A plea is being made for recognition of these fatal complications and for early institution of adequate treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aluminium phosphide poisoning.

Aluminium phosphide is a poison being extensively used all over the world as a preservative of foodgrains. Its lethal effects on human beings are being increasingly seen. We report our experiences with 15 cases seen in a period of 2 years. All these patients had severe toxic effects such as shock, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary oedema and renal failure. Seven patients survived. Early recognition and management of this poison is essential.

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of enzymes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in cases of cerebrovascular accidents.

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured serially in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 22 patients with fresh stroke and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. It was observed that levels of these enzymes in the CSF of control subjects were very low but were significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) in both serum and CSF in patients with stroke. The elevation was greater in the CSF than in the serum and was maximum during the first four days of stroke. Thereafter, the enzymatic activity declined. Of all these enzymes, GGTP in CSF correlated best with the clinical picture. It was possible to differentiate between the ischemic and hemorrhagic type of stroke on the basis of CSF levels of GGTP (greater than 60.0 units in hemorrhagic stroke). There was no correlation between GGTP levels in CSF and serum or among GOT, GPT, and GGTP in CSF. It can be concluded, therefore, that estimation of GGTP in CSF is helpful not only in predicting the degree of cerebral damage and functional outcome of the patient following stroke but also in differentiating the type of stroke.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

Left ventricular performance in cases with chronic renal failure. A study of systolic time intervals.

Left ventricular (LV) functions as reflected in systolic time intervals (STIs) were studied in 28 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in an equal number of age and sex matched normal controls. Measurement of STIs revealed that mean total electromechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were significantly decreased, whereas isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) was significantly increased in patients with CRF as compared to controls. Mean PEP/LVET ratio did not show any significant change. Eleven cases of CRF had congestive heart failure, and in 9 of them the PEP/LVET ratio was normal. Seven cases of CRF had evidence of left ventricular dysfunction (PEP/LVET greater than 0.4). In 6 cases, STIs were also recorded following dialysis, and revealed an increase in PEP, IVCT and PEP/LVET and a decrease in QS2 and LVET, but none of these changes were statistically significant. It is concluded that only a small percentage of cases of renal failure show LV dysfunction. However, signs of congestion are seen in a greater number of cases. These are not necessarily indicative of LV dysfunction but may be due to fluid and electrolyte overloading.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of different amounts of blood transfusion given at different speeds on left ventricular filling pressure in cases of chronic severe anemia.

Pulmonary capillary 'wedge' pressure (PCWP) was measured before and after transfusion of 1 and 2 units of blood @ 5 and 10 ml/min. in 40 adult cases of chronic severe anemia (CSA). The cases were randomly divided into 4 subgroups of 10 cases each. Following blood transfusion (BT), PCWP increased significantly in all the 4 subgroups (p less than 0.001). The highest rise in PCWP was recorded when 2 units of blood were transfused at a rate of 10 ml/min, and the rise was minimum when 1 unit of blood was transfused @ 5 ml/min. Out of the two variables--speed and amount of BT--the amount was more important. It is, therefore, concluded that administration of 2 units of blood in case of CSA at a rate of 5 or 10 ml/min is not desirable and that transfusion of 1 unit of blood @ 5 ml/min is quite safe.

Adolescent↗