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Biomedical subjects

N Nanda

Publications and source records attributed to N Nanda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Efficacy of high-intensity exercise training on left ventricular ejection fraction in men with coronary artery disease (the Training Level Comparison Study).

The purpose of this study was to compare high- versus low-intensity exercise training on the change in echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from rest to peak exercise. Sedentary men with coronary artery disease, aged 30 to 70 years, were randomized to dynamic exercise training of either low intensity, 50% of maximal oxygen consumption, n = 89; or high intensity, 85% of maximal oxygen consumption, n = 111. No other interventions were imposed and patients were evaluated at 6 months and 1 year. Both exercise groups significantly increased exercise capacity without adverse events, but the increase was greater (p = 0.02) in the high-intensity exercise group. The mean exercise test rest-peak LVEF in the high-intensity group rose from 6.20% at baseline to 6.54% in 6 months and to 6.73% at 12 months, while the low-intensity group showed no improvement at 6 months and a decrease at 12 months. Multivariate analyses revealed that treatment group (high versus low intensity) significantly contributed to the change in rest-peak LVEF. When the exercise groups were subdivided by initial baseline LVEF < or = 50% versus > 50%, those with the higher LVEF in the high-intensity group showed a greater (p = 0.05) increase in the rest-peak LVEF from baseline to 1 year. Over a 1-year period, exercise capacity improved in both exercise-intensity groups, but more so in the high-intensity group, with no adverse events. The high-intensity group, compared with the low-intensity, showed more improvement in the rest-peak LVEF, especially in those with a higher LVEF at baseline.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA): detection, efficiency, and procedural modifications.

A 2-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) has been done using Anopheles stephensi fed on Plasmodium vivax blood through parafilm to ascertain at what time in the sporogonic cycle circumsporozoite (CS) antigen can be detected, and to detect CS antigen in mosquitoes squashed on filter paper (FP) and cellulose acetate membrane (CAM). The CS antigen was detectable only in mature oocysts, a day prior to sporozoite liberation, and in salivary gland sporozoites. Dissected sporozoites adsorbed on FP/CAM also can be analyzed by IRMA for Plasmodium species identification.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Anopheles culicifacies complex: cytogenetic characterization of Rameshwaram island populations.

Anopheles culicifacies sensu lato collected from Rameshwaram island, Tamil Nadu state, India was identified as species B based on the diagnostic inversion karyotype Xab 2g1+h1 as observed in polytene chromosomes. Among male mitotic karyotypes made from larval neurogonial cells, two types were observed: one with an acrocentric Y-chromosome and the other with a sub-metacentric Y-chromosome, both had sub-metacentric X and metacentric autosomes. The Rameshwaram population is identical to species B in its genetic relationship with species A and C as determined by experimental hybridizations (sterile and fertile male hybrids, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Aortoiliac and femoropopliteal phase-based NMR angiography: a comparison between FLAG and RSE.

To assess the performance of FLAG and RSE NMR angiography 22 aortoiliac (AI) and 22 femoropopliteal (FP) angiograms in 11 healthy males, mean age 38 +/- 7.6 years, were acquired. The image quality was graded in a blinded fashion by two independent readers. The readers grades were not statistically different (kappa = 0.5696). The representation of diagnostic images was 6/11 FLAG and 8/11 RSE AI as well as 8/11 FLAG and 8/11 RSE FP. On back-to-back comparison six RSE AI and seven RSE FP were graded better than their FLAG counterparts. Although these differences did not achieve a statistical significance RSE NMR angiography provided consistently better images and appears preferable for imaging of the peripheral vascular system in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Aortoiliac imaging by projective phase sensitive MR angiography: effects of triggering and timing of data acquisition on image quality.

To assess the ability of projective phase sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) angiography to visualize the aortoiliac vascular segment, and to determine the effects of triggering and timing of data acquisition om image quality, we studied 18 healthy volunteers, mean age 33.3 +/- 11 years, by color Doppler imaging and by MR angiography. MR angiography was performed at 1.5 T using a flow-adjustable gradient-echo (FLAG) sequence operated in both ECG-triggered and non-triggered acquisition modes. The images were graded in a blinded fashion by two independent observers. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square analysis. Eighteen triggered time-resolved and 17 non-triggered, time-averaged MR angiograms consisting of 252 and 17 angiographic images, (AI) respectively, were analyzed. In the triggered mode 69 (27.4%) AI and in the non-triggered mode 2 (11.8%) AI were diagnostic. At least one triggered diagnostic AI was obtained in each subject. The image grades were not statistically different between observers (kappa = 0.6686). In the triggered mode diagnostic images were acquired within +/- 90 msec of the peak systolic flow velocity determined by Doppler. The proportion of diagnostic images in the triggered mode was highest (73.3%) within a 30-msec interval before the peak flow. In healthy subjects the aortoiliac segment is reliably visualized by FLAG MR angiography. The optimum results are achieved using the triggered acquisition mode and timing acquisition to the initial 180 msec of the abdominal aortic systolic flow pulse.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Timing of data acquisition determines image quality in femoropopliteal phase-sensitive MR angiography.

To study the effects of timing of data acquisition on quality of femoropopliteal magnetic resonance (MR) angiograms, the authors studied 16 healthy men, mean age 34.3 +/- 6 years, by color Doppler imaging and by phase-sensitive (PS) MR angiography. PS MR imaging was performed at 1.5T using a flow adjustable gradient (FLAG) pulse sequence. The images were graded in a blinded fashion by two independent observers. Of 16 MR angiograms consisting of 141 angiographic images (AI), 45 (31.9%) were diagnostic. At least 1 diagnostic AI was obtained in each subject, and 38 (84.4%) of the diagnostic images were acquired within the first 120 milli-seconds (ms) of the systolic flow pulse. The highest yield of diagnostic images (90.9%) was obtained in the interval of thirty to sixty ms before the peak flow velocity. In healthy man diagnostic PS MR angiography requires triggering to the femoropopliteal systolic flow pulse. The highest yield of diagnostic images is acquired during the flow pulse acceleration.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural study on the erythrocytic schizogony of Plasmodium vivax.

Erythrocytic schizogony is initiated by repeated division of the nucleus in rapid sequence. Another important feature of the developing schizont is the reappearance of segments of thick inner membrane and formation of lobes around these segments. These bulbous protuberances signal the start of budding process which ends in complete segmentation of the cell. The cytoplasmic organelles which de-differentiate at the beginning of trophozoite stage are formed again. Asynchrony during merozoite formation is observed in some schizonts where fully mature merozoites are seen lying in the parasitophorous vacuole while the mother cell is still in the process of giving rise to new merozoites.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fine structure of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax and the host cell alterations.

Fine structural analysis of the trophic and sexual stages of Plasmodium vivax obtained from naturally infected humans revealed that in general, the structural features as well as certain specialized functions such as haemoglobin ingestion and utilization etc., are similar to those described for other malaria parasites. Young trophozoite is characterised by less condense cytoplasm with scattering of free ribosomes and minimum amount of endoplasmic reticulum. The trophozoite grows by feeding on the host cell cytoplasm with its cytostome. Older trophozoite gets considerably enlarged and its cytoplasm appears coarsely granular due to an increase in endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomal content. The two sexual forms, the macro- and microgametocyte, can be distinguished on the basis of their fine structure. The macrogametocyte has high ribosomal density and more osmiophilic bodies than microgametocyte and possesses a compact dense nucleus with nucleolus-like region whereas the microgametocyte has large diffuse nucleus without nucleolus. Caveola-vesicle complexes and cytoplasmic clefts are observed in all erythrocytes infected with P. vivax and the incidence of these host cell alterations increases as the intraerythrocytic parasite matures.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Conservative surgical management of intestinal tuberculosis.

Forty-seven proved cases of intestinal tuberculosis admitted to the surgical ward of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur from 1985 to 1987 were subjected to laparotomy. The common pathology found were tubercles over the peritoneum, multiple strictures of intestine, ileocaecal mass, perforation of the intestines, bands and adhesions and mesenteric node involvement. The patients with acute abdomen were operated in emergency and rest as an elective procedure. Conservative surgeries like stricturoplasty, local intestinal resection, perforation closure, by-pass procedures and local ileocaecal resection were done in most of the cases and only in 2 cases right hemicolectomy was done. Biopsy was taken from the viscera, peritoneum and mesenteric nodes. Postoperative mortality was 6.4%, mostly due to toxaemia and fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Postoperative complications in most of the cases were wound infection. All were given a short course of antituberculosis regimen containing INH, rifampicin and ethambutol. Patients were followed up to one year and definite improvement was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Echocardiographic definition of right pulmonary venous connection at catheterization.

Traditional methods of identifying partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the right atrium in the presence of an atrial defect are not always reliable. Twenty patients were studied with a new technique in which the catheter is introduced into the right superior pulmonary vein followed by echocardiographic assessment of the catheter position in relation to the left atrium and atrial septum. The insertion site of the right pulmonary veins was detected in every patient and in ten patients has been verified at operation. This approach can be performed rapidly and appears to be accurate as well as reliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Simultaneous operative correction of aortic valve stenosis and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) may coexist with aortic valve stenosis (AVS). This combination of lesions is uncommon and may not be identified by the usual preoperative clinical evaluation and laboratory studies including cardiac catheterization. Surgical relief of AVS without concomitant septal myectomy to relieve unrecognized underlying IHSS may be followed by a low cardiac output, evidence of residual outflow tract obstruction, and death. Echocardiography (ECHO) will accurately identify IHSS and should be performed in all patients suspected of having AVS. This report describes the first three patients in whom the preoperative diagnosis of both AVS and IHSS was made and who subsequently had both lesions corrected at the same operation. All patients survived operation. The outflow tract gradient was abolished in two patients and significantly reduced in the third. All patients with this combination of lesions should be offered operation for the same indication as isolated aortic valve stenosis. The operation should include a septal myectomy as well as relief of the aortic valve stenosis.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗