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Biomedical subjects

N Neyrolles

Publications and source records attributed to N Neyrolles.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Present status in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin-secreting agents].

The functional defect of the pancreatic beta cell represents one of the main therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among the currently available oral antidiabetic drugs, only hypoglycaemic sulfonylureas exhibit beta cell stimulating properties. However, their use has some limits, particularly those related to the risk of hypoglycaemia and the frequent secondary therapeutic failure. These drugs have largely contributed to the knowledge of the mechanisms of insulin secretion. Besides some galenic modifications of existing sulfonylureas and the development of new drugs of this family with original properties, like glimepiride, the research is essentially focused on drugs derived from the non sulfonylurea moiety of some sulfonylureas, particularly the meglitinide family, which will probably be available for the clinician in the near future. These drugs act however grossly by the same mechanism than sulfonylureas, even if their binding site on a protein coupled with the ATP sensitive K channel appears different. Among the other possible approaches suggested by the theoretical data concerning the mechanisms of insulin secretion, GLP-1 derivatives probably represent good candidates, if stable analogues are developed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1999

[Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs].

The relief of insulin resistance is one of the two therapeutic targets of the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Insulin-sensitizers are therefore complemental with other oral diabetic drugs. The treatment of insulin resistance was for a long time limited to dietary and exercise programmes, a biguanide, metformine, and benfluorex, a phenylethylamine derivative; the mechanisms of action of both drugs are now better understood and their indications more precisely targeted. A new therapeutic class, the thiazolidinediones (troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) has recently completed the family of insulin-sensitizing agents. These drugs, which should be soon available in France, act by a different way than metformin, which has been recently identified as the peroxisomes proliferator-activated receptor. The role of antilipolytic agents, which might increase glucose uptake by reducing free fatty acid production and oxidation is under evaluation, as well as the potential benefit of orlistat, an inhibitor of lipid digestion which has been proved effective, in addition to hypocaloric diet, in the management of obese patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[New therapies in type 2 diabetes].

The progress of knowledge relating to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with new therapeutic developments. Their different respective targets allow to classify them in drugs stimulating insulin secretion (glimepiride, repaglinide, glucagon-like peptide 1), medications reducing insulin resistance (thiazolidinediones) or in insulinmimetic agents (vanadium). Alpha glucosidase inhibitors, available in France since 1993, constitute another therapeutic approach, reducing postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying the digestion of complex carbohydrates. These new medications, safer and sometimes effective in a single daily administration, represent an alternative to classic oral antidiabetic agents allowing therapeutic combinations and a more global management of NIDDM.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗