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Biomedical subjects

N Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to N Nishida.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ubiquitous V-shape density of states in a mixed state of clean limit type II superconductors.

It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the low energy density of states N(E) is described by a singular V-shape form N(E)=N(0)(H)+alpha|E|+O(E2) for all clean superconductors in a vortex state, irrespective of the underlying gap structure. The linear term alpha|E| which has not been recognized so far is obtained by exactly evaluating the vortex contribution. Based on microscopic Eilenberger theory N(E) is evaluated for the isotropic gap, line, and point-node gaps to yield a V-shape N(E). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy-STM experiments on NbSe2 and YNi2B2C give direct evidence for this. We provide arguments on the significance of this finding and on the relevance to other experiments.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of adverse effects in intracarotid propofol injection for Wada test.

The authors evaluated adverse effects of intracarotid propofol injection during a Wada test and their risk factors in 58 patients. Nineteen patients had an adverse effect, mostly in patients receiving more than 10 mg. For patients older than age 55 years or those requiring an injection dose greater than 20 mg to produce hemiplegia, propofol should be injected slowly and patients monitored for excitatory movements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Relationship between attitudes toward oral health at initial office visit and compliance with supportive periodontal treatment.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study include investigation of the relationship between attitudes and desires with respect to oral health at initial office visit and compliance with supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) and identification of prognostic factors with respect to low-compliance with SPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred thirty-one patients were evaluated. Subjects completed a questionnaire concerning attitude and desire with respect to oral health and subjective symptoms prior to periodontal treatment. Survival probabilities of SPT were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between answers for each item of the questionnaire via the Cox-Mantel test. Finally, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed, which included age and gender. RESULTS: Greater than 95% of participants desired toothbrushing proficiency and lifelong retention of teeth at the initial office visit; however, the overall survival probabilities of SPT were only 52.7% after about 5 years. Patients exhibiting unfavourable attitudes toward oral health at the initial office visit, in comparison with those displaying favourable attitudes, exhibited greater tendency to abandon SPT. A Cox regression model revealed that lack of brushing on the gingival margin, non-use of an inter-dental brush or dental floss, non-use of fluoride toothpaste and frequent consumption of sugar-containing drinks were significant independent prognostic factors for low-compliance with SPT (p<0.05; Hazard ratios=2.27, 2.00, 2.56 and 2.06, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Desire for satisfactory oral health is not related consistently to continuation of SPT. Unfavourable attitudes toward oral health were correlated to low-compliance with SPT. Clinicians may wish to establish methods for improvement of patient compliance employing behavioural approaches applicable to the attitudes of potential low-compliance individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Influence of long-term cigarette smoking on immunoglobulin E-mediated allergy, pulmonary function, and high-resolution computed tomography lung densitometry in elderly patients with asthma.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the influence of cigarette smoking on the pathogenesis of asthma in the elderly remains controversial. This study attempted to clarify the influence of cigarette smoking on elderly asthmatics. METHODS: Forty-eight asthmatics over 70 years old (25 ex-smokers and 23 never-smokers) and 20 patients with COPD over 70 years old (all ex-smokers) were studied to determine the influence of cigarette smoking on IgE-mediated allergy (total IgE, IgE antibodies against inhalant allergens, bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), generation of leukotriene (LT) B4 and C4), pulmonary function, and the relative area of lung showing attenuation values less than -950 Hounsfield units (RA950) on high-resolution computed tomography scans. RESULTS: The incidence of positive IgE antibodies against inhalant allergens, BHR, and the generation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by leucocytes were significantly increased in patients with a history of smoking compared with those without. Residual volume (%RV) was significantly increased, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was significantly decreased in ex-smokers with asthma and COPD compared with never-smokers with asthma. Inspiratory RA950 and ratio of expiratory RA950 to inspiratory RA950 were significantly larger in asthmatics with a smoking history than in those without, and in COPD patients than in asthmatics. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking enhances the production of IgE antibodies, BHR, and generation of LTB4 by leucocytes in elderly asthmatics. Increased hyper-inflation or emphysematous changes of the lungs expressed by increased RA950, closely related to %RV, was more frequently observed in ex-smokers compared with never-smokers.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Association of ALDH(2) genotypes and alcohol consumption with periodontitis.

There is little information regarding the association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis risk. We assessed whether alcohol consumption and ALDH(2) genotypes were associated with periodontitis. Subjects' lifestyle was examined by a self-administered questionnaire, and the percentage of pocket depths > or = 3.5 mm was used as a periodontal parameter. ALDH(2) genotypes were determined with the use of a PCR/RFLP method. Multiple logistic analyses showed that alcohol consumption was significantly associated with periodontitis, and its odds ratio was 1.98. There was no significant relationship between periodontal status and ALDH(2) genotypes. However, ALDH(2)*1/*2 subjects who consumed > or = 33 g/day of alcohol had a significantly greater percentage of pocket depths > or = 3.5 mm than those whose daily consumption was lower, while there was no significant difference in periodontal status associated with alcohol consumption in ALDH(2)*1/*1 subjects. Our results suggest that alcohol consumption may be a risk indicator for periodontitis in ALDH(2)*1/*2 subjects who consume larger amounts of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Reliability of clinical parameters for predicting the outcome of oral malodor treatment.

We conducted the present study to determine which clinical parameters for diagnosing halitosis are most reliable in the development of an accurate prognosis for oral malodor treatment. Clinical evaluation included a questionnaire, oral examination and volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) measurement, and organoleptic test (OLT) at baseline. Ninety-two patients classified with oral pathologic halitosis were treated in a similar manner. Improved treatment outcome was defined as < 0.25 ppm of total VSC, < or = 2 OLT score, and < 30 on the "sad feeling" scale as subjective stress level by oral malodor 6 months after baseline. Thirty-four patients demonstrated improvement due to the treatment. In a multiple logistic model, pocket depth, OLT score, intra-oral discomfort, and self-perception of oral malodor at baseline displayed significant association with "not improved outcome". These results suggest that malodor- and periodontal-disease-related parameters and self-estimation of malodor at baseline are effective for prediction of outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Decreased computed tomographic lung density during exacerbation of asthma.

Recently, it was shown that both mean lung density (MLD) and the relative lung area with an attenuation of <-950 HU (RA950) are related to severity of asthma in nonsmoking asthmatics. The aim of the present study was to examine whether reduced computed tomography (CT) lung density during exacerbation could change after treatment. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare CT lung density in 30 stable asthmatics, 30 unstable asthmatics and 25 control subjects. In order to investigate longitudinally the effect of treatment on decreased CT lung density, 17 asthmatics with an exacerbation were followed at the initiation of treatment and 2 months after relief. The MLD was significantly lower and the RA950 significantly higher in unstable asthmatics than in controls and stable asthmatics. Both MLD and RA950 changed significantly with administration of systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The changes in forced expiratory volume in one second correlated significantly with those in both MLD and RA950. The changes in residual volume also correlated significantly with those in both MLD and RA950. It was concluded that decreased computed tomographic lung density during an asthma exacerbation is at least partially reversible, and changes in mean lung density and the relative lung area with a radiation attenuation of <-950 HU are related to the change in forced expiratory volume in one second and residual volume.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Chromosomal instability and human hepatocarcinogenesis.

Recently, many studies have identified losses and gains of several chromosomal loci in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with fine microsatellite analysis and comparative genomic hybridization. Although distribution of aberrant chromosomal arms differs among HCCs, loss of 1p, 4q, 6q, 8p, 9p, 10q, 13q, 16q and 17p, and gain of 1q, 6p, 8q, 17q and 20q have been recurrently reported, and loss of 4q and 16q seems to occur preferentially in hepatitis B virus-related HCCs. Accumulation of these aberrant chromosomal regions is associated with tumor progression, and some chromosomal aberrations, such as loss of 1p, are frequently identified in well-differentiated HCCs and also detected even in dysplastic nodule and cirrhotic nodule. This evidence suggests that chromosomal instability (CIN) emerges at an early stage during hepatocarcinogenesis and is successively inherent to tumor cells, resulting in acquisition of malignant phenotype. The molecular basis of CIN is beginning to be explored; however, several mechanisms may be involved for CIN of HCC.

Allelic Imbalance↗
PubMed2003

Kinematics of the patella in deep flexion. Analysis with magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: Little information is available on the kinematics of the normal knee in deep flexion. The purpose of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the patellofemoral articulation in deep flexion. METHODS: Axial scans were made of the patellofemoral joint of twenty healthy Japanese volunteers with the knee in approximately 90 degrees of flexion, in maximum active flexion (mean [and standard deviation], 140 degrees +/- 10 degrees ), and in maximum passive flexion (mean, 156 degrees +/- 5 degrees ). A fat-suppressed, three-dimensional, fast low-angle shot sequence was used to visualize the articular cartilage. The patellofemoral contact area was determined on sequential images and was reconstructed three-dimensionally. RESULTS: At 90 degrees of flexion, the contact area on the patella was continuous over the medial and lateral facets in fourteen knees and was located in the proximal half of the articular surface. At maximum active and passive flexion, the odd facet engaged in fifteen and eighteen knees, respectively. At maximum passive flexion, the contact area of the lateral facet moved distally and decreased significantly (p = 0.0002). From 90 degrees of flexion to maximum active flexion, the mean total contact area remained constant (3.43 +/- 0.70 and 3.62 +/- 0.72 cm (2), respectively); it then decreased significantly in maximum passive flexion (2.96 +/- 0.78 cm (2), p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The contact area on the patella was divided into two parts (the odd and lateral facets) and moved distally in deep knee flexion. The size of the contact area on the lateral facet significantly decreased in maximum passive flexion.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Forensic significance of conduction system abnormalities as a precise cause of accidental death.

We examined the pathology findings of the cardiac conduction system in 42 human autopsies who were considered to have died an accidental death. Abnormalities in serial sections of the conduction system were found in seven and of these three had an accessory pathway in the conduction system. In one of these there was mild Ebstein's anomaly (ME), two had fibromuscular dysplasia of the atrioventricular node artery with mitral valve prolapse, and two others had abnormal routes showing fragmentation of the bundle of His with ME. A full investigation of the cardiac conduction system can therefore be useful for determining the precise cause in cases of accidental death.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

Distribution of tetracaine and its metabolite in rabbits after high versus normal spinal anesthesia.

High spinal anesthesia is one cause of sudden death associated with the spinal anesthesia. We did animal experiments to verify high spinal anesthesia by analyzing tetracaine and its metabolite, p-butylaminobenzoic acid in tissue samples. Tetracaine (0.25% in 10% glucose solution) 0.21-0.28 mg/kg was administered to two groups of rabbits to induce high and normal spinal anesthesia. Tetracaine and the metabolite in rabbit tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, as a free base for tetracaine and as tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivative for the metabolite. In the group given high spinal anesthesia, levels of the metabolite in the brain stem were higher than in the cerebrum, cerebellum and whole blood. On the other hand, in the group given normal spinal anesthesia, the opposite results were obtained. Therefore, high spinal anesthesia induced by tetracaine can be diagnosed by comparing the concentrations of metabolite in whole blood, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed2001

New therapy complementary to transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.

A new therapy complementary to transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in which anticancer agents are percutaneously injected into the tumor under ultrasound guidance (percutaneous injection chemotherapy combined with TAE; TAE-PICT) has been developed and found to be effective. A total of 68 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules in 50 patients were treated with TAE-PICT, and the complications were evaluated. Among those with solitary HCC nodules < or = 5 cm in diameter, 17 were treated with TAE-PICT and 24 with only TAE in a prospective comparative study. No major complications were seen, and the anticancer drugs could still be found in the tumor 3 months after injection. A significantly higher cumulative survival rate (p= 0.03961) and significantly higher cumulative recurrence-free survival rate (p = 0.00647) were achieved in patients treated with TAE-PICT than in those treated with TAE alone.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Similar target, different effects: late-onset ataxia and spatial learning in prion protein-deficient mouse lines.

Several lines of mice with targeted deletion of the prion protein gene (Prnp) have been produced, some of them appearing phenotypically normal, others developing late-onset ataxia. This has been tentatively attributed to the size of the targeted deletion in the Prnp gene. but a masking role of genetic background could not be excluded. Thus, we have crossed an ataxic mutant line with large deletion of Prnp (Ngsk Prnp0/0) with a knockout line showing only partial deletion of Prnp and no neurological deficits (Zrchl Prnp0/0). A F2 generation was then studied for up to 70 weeks for co-segregation of lesion size and behavioral phenotype, including cognitive and neurological anomalies. These mice were later crossed with a recently generated PrP-deficient line also having a large deletion and late-onset ataxia (Zrch2 Prnp0/0). They underwent similar testing for up to 90 weeks. The ataxic phenotype always co-segregates with large homozygous deletions involving either the Ngsk or the Zrch2 allele, independent of genetic background or sex. Compound heterozygous Zrchl/Ngsk mice or Zrch1/Zrch2 mice showed intermediate neurological phenotypes, suggesting a gene-dosage effect of large deletions. At 12 weeks of age, large deletions were also associated with minor non-cognitive impairments in water maze learning, and hyperactivity in open field and elevated zero maze. These impairments were not predictive for the development of ataxia. Thus, the neurological deficits are closely associated with large deletions, which entail an upregulation of the recently discovered prion Doppel protein (Dpl), while genetic background factors seem to be responsible for shifting the onset of neurological symptoms.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The problem of whether surgical or conservative treatment is indicated for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been analyzed from the viewpoint of long-term development of hepatitis viral infection from liver fibrosis to liver cirrhosis. Although transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hemostasis followed by two-stage hepatectomy has been established as the best treatment for ruptured HCC, there still remain difficulties in the treatment of some patients. METHODS: Twelve patients with ruptured HCC who were surgically or conservatively treated were retrospectively analyzed in terms of modality of treatment, liver function, extension of HCC, complications, survival rate, and cause of death. RESULTS: Tumor rupture can occur either in the early phase or in the terminal phase during the development from liver fibrosis to liver cirrhosis, while tumor rupture occurs at the advanced stage in terms of HCC extension. TAE for emergent hemostasis or prevention of re-bleeding was performed in ten patients, while TAE was contraindicated in one patient and emergent laparotomy for hemostasis was performed in one patient. In four patients, elective extended surgical resection was performed, because liver function was evaluated as clinical stage 1 according to the General rules for the clinical and pathological study of primary liver cancer of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. In seven patients, conservative or medical treatment was selected, because liver function was evaluated as poor. The surgically treated group, who could tolerate extensive operation, survived longer than the conservatively treated group. CONCLUSIONS: While TAE remains the best method to employ for hemostasis, it still has limitations. Hence, we should be mindful of other possible modalities for hemostasis and their outcomes. Rupture of HCC at an early phase in the development of liver fibrosis is a good indication for elective surgical treatment and should be distinguished from rupture in the terminal phase of liver cirrhosis, which should be treated conservatively. Although elective surgical treatment can be performed in selected patients, tumor size and location of HCC, in addition to liver function, should be taken into consideration.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Identification of reddish alcoholic beverages by GC/MS using aroma components as indicators.

A method to identify reddish alcoholic beverages used for dissolving stimulant drugs was devised using aroma components as indicators. Thirteen brands of beverages including red wines, blueberry liquors, raspberry liquors, strawberry liquor, a mixture of red wine and blueberry juice and a mixture of red wine and grape juice were examined. Aroma components in each sample were effectively concentrated with a porous polymer beads column (Porapak Q) and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Specific aroma components were detected in each beverage and reddish alcoholic beverages were successfully classified into five groups using five aroma components as indicators. The present method should prove to be useful in criminal investigations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Postoperative detection of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in blood as a predictor for metastatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: We tested for the presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA by using nested RT-PCR in the peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who had undergone curative surgery, and investigated the occurrence of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic metastasis thereafter, to reveal the optimal timing of blood sampling for the prediction of metastatic recurrence. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with HCC, who had been operated on were analyzed with RT-PCR at several points during the clinical course, and examined for metastatic recurrence for 3-28 months (mean = 18.7 months) after surgery. RESULTS: The presence of AFP mRNA before surgery was significantly correlated with the tumor size (P = 0.017). Metastatic recurrence was associated with the postoperative detection of AFP mRNA (P < 0.001), but not with the preoperative and/or perioperative detection. Furthermore, AFP mRNA was detected in some cases that showed low serum AFP levels at recurrence. The recurrence-free period after the detection of AFP mRNA varied from 1 to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative detection of AFP mRNA is useful for the prediction of metastatic recurrence, and long-term follow up with this method should be conducted.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Acquired subglottic stenosis caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus that produce epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor.

Local infection of the trachea in intubated neonates is one of the main risk factors for development of acquired subglottic stenosis, although its role in the pathogenesis is unclear. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is often the cause of critical illness in neonatal patients. Two cases are reported of acquired subglottic stenosis following bacterial infection of the trachea, suggesting an association with the staphylococcal exotoxin, epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor (EDIN). EDIN-producing MRSA were isolated from purulent tracheal secretions from both infants. Acquired subglottic stenosis in both cases was probably caused by delayed wound healing as the result of EDIN inhibition of epithelial cell migration.

Epidermal Growth Factor↗