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Biomedical subjects

N Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to N Nishimura.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Changes of lung water and cardiovascular parameters during neurosurgical procedures associated with various types of infusion.

With the Swan-Ganz catheter and double indicator technique cardiovascular parameters and lung water were measured in 16 neurosurgical procedures. Five hundred millilitres of whole blood, Manitol or Fluosol-DA, or 1000 ml of lactate-Ringer solution was infused within 30 min, and various parameters were estimated and analysed. Extravascular lung water did not change with either solutions. Fluosol-DA showed the most powerful pressure effects. With whole blood and Fluosol DA, cardiac output and oxygen availability increased. Marked hemodilution was observed with the infusion of either Manitol, Fluosol-DA or lactate-Ringer solution, but only Fluosol-DA insured adequate oxygen supply to tissues by increase in oxygen capacity in blood. Fluosol-DA proved to be one of the suitable colloidal solutions to improve the hemodynamics and hemodilution during operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Zearalenone reductase from rat liver.

Zearalenone is known to be reduced by rat liver preparations to a more active estrogenic metabolite, alpha-zearalenol. To elucidate the enzymatic feature of zearalenone reductase, we worked out a simple assay procedure for this enzyme using [3H]-zearalenone and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The NAD(P)H-dependent zearalenone reductase localized in the microsomes was most active at pH 4-4.5, while the reductase localized in the cytosol was active at neutral pH. The former enzyme reduced zearalenone only to alpha-zearalenol and the latter reduced both alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol. The microsomal enzyme was solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified by DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxyapatite and Sepharose 4B column chromatographies. The partially purified enzyme showed the following properties. a) The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 230,000 by Sepharose 4B chromatography. b) The apparent Km value of the enzyme was 1.0 X 10(-5) M for zearalenone at an NADPH concentration of 1 mM. c) The enzyme activity was inhibited by a high concentration of KCl but not by 1 mM Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, EDTA, or 20 mM N-ethylmaleimide.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1983

Cardiovascular effects of various colloidal solutions during major abdominal surgery.

We examined the effects of various colloidal solutions on cardiovascular and oxygen transport variables for 26 patients undergoing gastrectomy under general anesthesia. Fluosol-DA, whole blood, 3% Dextran-40 (Saviosol), and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (hetastarch, Hespan) affected the right side of heart, but only whole blood and Fluosol-DA significantly increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery (DO2). Fluosol-DA may prove useful for critical care of hemorrhagic shock during operation or resuscitation in the immediate postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Alterations of gastrin secretion in obese rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions.

Basal plasma gastrin levels were significantly higher in obese rats induced by ventromedial hypothalamic lesions (VMH rats) than in sham-operated controls. Gastrin secretion in response to insulin hypoglycemia and a liquid diet load was higher in VMH rats than in controls. The antral gastrin concentration was also elevated in VMH rats. Pair-fed rats with VMH lesions showed increased gastrin secretion as did the non-pair-fed group. These results show that gastrointestinal hormone secretions as well as pancreatic endocrine function are abnormal in obese rats with VMH lesions. Increased gastrin secretion is probably induced by factors other then hyperphagia, such as disturbance of the autonomic nervous system due to the VMH lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of Fluosol-DA on pulmonary vessels.

The infusion of Fluosol-DA will increase the pulmonary artery pressure and the capillary wedge pressure as well as increase the cardiac output. The changes were more marked with the infusion of Fluosol-DA compared to whole blood, Hespander, or Saviosol. Calculated pulmonary vascular resistance decreased with Fluosol-DA infusion and lung water did not increase. We reconfirmed that during infusion of Fluosol-DA, PaO2 increased in many cases and the calculated shunt ratio decreased as a result.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Respiratory changes after major burn injury.

In 32 major burn patients, routine respiratory measurements and blood gases analysis were performed. Striking differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors in these variables. Marked increased in minute volume and respiratory rate were observed in nonsurvivors starting from the 6th day postburn, while PaCO2 increased with larger tidal and minute volumes. At the same time, PaO2 was lower than in survivors. In survivors, the closing volume, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate, and peak rate were lower than the predicted normal values. This may indicate that after major burn injury, ventilatory power decreased and some pathological changes occurred in small airways and alveoli without apparent pulmonary complications. Marked differences in the changes of respiratory rate and min volume between survivors and nonsurvivors may indicate the value of simple respiratory measurements for prediction of outcome in burn patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

P 50 in burn injury.

P50, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and blood gases were measured daily in 23 patients with burn injuries, until their death or discharge from the ICU. At the time of admission, P50 values were high. In nonsurvivors, P50 started to decline 1 week after the injury. Corrected P50 values to pH 7.4 were well correlated with DPG values. In survivors, P50 tended to correlated with Pi values, but in nonsurvivors at the septic or terminal stage, the values P50 did not correlate with Pi or ATP. Low P50 predicted the poor outcome of severely burned patients. At the convalescent stage of major burn injury, P50 and DPG were higher than normal and often remained elevated for weeks.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1982

Enzyme immunoassay for cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase in serum and urine.

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay system for the determination of cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in serum and urine by using beta-galactosidase as a labeling enzyme is reported. This assay had a greater sensitivity than that of previously reported radioimmunoassay methods and could measure from 0.05 to 10.0 ng of Cu,Zn-SOD with good reproducibility. Coefficients of variation for this enzyme immunoassay were 2.8-8.3% within a day and 5.6-16.1% between days. The average recoveries were 96-103% from sera and 96-105% from urines, respectively. Using this enzyme immunoassay, serum Cu,Zn-SOD concentrations increased significantly in patients with renal diseases and were slightly elevated in patients with liver diseases. Urinary Cu,Zn-SOD appeared to be the highest in all renal diseases. By immunofluorescent staining, Cu,Zn-SOD was located in the thickened portions of the glomerular basement membrane and proliferating mesangial cells of the kidney tissue from a patient with membranous glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Enzyme immunoassay for manganese-superoxide dismutase in serum and urine.

An enzyme immunoassay has been developed to measure human manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in serum and urine. The assay can be done in less than 5 h, is highly sensitive (detecting limit, 0.1 ng of Mn-SOD) and simple. There is no interference from factors in serum or urine under assay conditions, and the method is specific for human Mn-SOD. Serum Mn-SOD concentrations were markedly increased in patients with liver diseases, but not in renal diseases. On the other hand, urinary Mn-SOD levels were elevated in a few patients with nephrotic syndrome and lung cancer, but were decreased in patients with hypertension. Furthermore, investigations were conducted on the clinical course of serum Mn-SOD levels in a case of alcoholic hepatitis, and on correlations between serum Mn-SOD and the conventional liver function tests. The localization of Mn-SOD in liver was also explored using immunofluorescent staining. The fluorescence was intense in the degenerated portions of liver tissue from a patient with drug-induced hepatitis.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1982

Original surface replacement total hip prosthesis with alumina ceramic prosthetic head without cement.

We have developed a surface replacement total hip prosthesis of H.D.P. socket to ceramic head type having a polycrystal alumina ceramic prosthetic head and without bone cement for fixation. The strength test was done on this hip prosthesis, and comparative studies were made between the metal prosthetic head and the ceramic prosthetic head, using calculation models prepared in consideration of friction and the prosthetic head's inside diameter. Besides, the cadaver femur was replaced by the prosthetic head, and the impact test and the fatigue test by means of repeated loading were done. As we could consequently confirm that it could be fully used for clinical practice, we have manufactured various instruments to be used for surgery, and we are now actually practicing it.

Aged↗