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Biomedical subjects

N Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to N Nishimura.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Urinary trehalase as an early indicator of cadmium-induced renal tubular damage in rabbit.

The significance of urinary trehalase as a possible early indicator of renal disorder was examined using Cd-treated rabbits, which received 1 mg/kg Cd thrice weekly for 3 months subcutaneously. The results showed that urinary trehalase increased significantly from 1 week after treatment, earlier than LAP, ALP, proteinuria and glucosuria, with no changes in plasma trehalase level. A marked decrease in trehalase activity in renal brush border membranes prepared from Cd-treated rabbits was observed. It was also confirmed by immunohistological techniques that Cd treatment resulted in a marked decrease in specific fluorescence compared with controls. Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis demonstrated that urine and renal brush border extracts formed precipitation lines against anti-renal trehalase IgG, indicating that urinary trehalase and renal trehalase had the same antigenicity. Therefore, the facts presented here would suggest that urinary trehalase originated from the renal brush border, indicating its superiority as a diagnostic tool over other indicative indicating its superiority as a diagnostic tool over other indicative enzymes like LAP and ALP in detecting injury to renal proximal tubular cells in the early stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous renal subcapsular hematoma in a patient undergoing hemodialysis.

We describe a patient on hemodialysis in whom a spontaneous renal subcapsular hematoma developed. The diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography and angiography, and the patient was treated conservatively. We recommend conservative management in such cases based on radiological findings that rule out underlying pathological changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in leukocyte counts using a cellulose acetate membrane (FB-T) during hemodialysis. A comparison with a cuprophane membrane].

The effect of cellulose acetate as the membrane of dialyzer on changes in white blood cell (WBC), platelet, CH50, C3 and C4 was evaluated in 5 patients with chronic renal failure during hemodialysis. Similarly the effect of cuprophan on these values was also evaluated. Significant changes in WBC (neutrophil and lymphocyte) were observed in all patients with cuprophan, but changes in WBC in those with cellulose acetate were not significant. There were no differences in the platelet count, CH50, C3 and C4 values between the cupro phan and cellulose acetate membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Marked episodic elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure during nocturnal sleep in patients with sleep apnea hypersomnia syndrome.

The CSF pressure was measured continuously at the lumbar level during nocturnal sleep in 3 patients with sleep apnea hypersomnia syndrome. Nocturnal sleep was very unstable with frequent episodes of obstructive sleep apnea. When the patients were awake and relaxed in the supine position, their CSF pressure was stable and within the normal range. Episodic marked elevations of CSF pressure occurred frequently during sleep, and each elevation was preceded and accompanied by an episode of sleep apnea or hypopnea. Significant correlations were found between the duration of apneic episodes and increase of CSF pressure, and between decrease of SaO2 or TcPO2 and increase of CSF pressure. The duration of sleep apnea was longer, increase of CSF pressure was greater, and decreases of SaO2 and TcPO2 were more marked during REM sleep than during NREM sleep. It is suggested that the frequent marked episodic elevations of CSF pressure are caused by an increase in the intracranial vascular volume occurring mainly in response to transient hypercapnia and hypoxia, which are induced by pulmonary hypoventilation during the episodes of sleep apnea.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production following open heart surgery.

The VO2, VCO2 and RQ were measured in 24 patients after open heart surgery using a CO2 analyzer and O2 Consumption Calculator (Siemen Elma, Sweden). With prolonged ventilatory care, shivering was noticed in only one patient and VO2, VCO2 and RQ were rather stable and constant in patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). With dopamine infusion the 3-5 kg body wt/min cardiovascular status was stable and the oxygen extraction ratio was a mean of 0.264. From those data we suggest that ventilatory support would be desirable for about 2 days for those patients in the post-operative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effects of volume loading during epidural analgesia.

We have determined the effects of volume loading on the cardiovascular changes during epidural analgesia in 37 patients, who underwent various kinds of surgery. The patients were placed in 4 groups, depending upon the level of analgesia and utilization of volume loading with colloidal solutions. If the analgesia extended above Th4 we grouped them as "high epidural" and lower than Th5 level they were grouped as "low epidural". The cardiac output was measured through a Swan-Ganz catheter with thermo-dilution methods and cardiovascular variables were calculated by standard formulas. Under epidural block the most significant changes were a fall in blood pressure with decrease in cardiac output which were more pronounced during high epidural analgesia. Volume loading during the induction period with colloidal solutions would prevent the marked fall of blood pressure in half of cases studied, but in the other half the infusion was not effective for the prevention of fall in blood pressure. On every occasion over-loading effects on the right side of the heart were observed with the infusion of colloidal solutions. Also, a marked fall in systemic vascular resistance was observed with the infusion. In consequence the volume loading did not prevent the fall in arterial pressure. To manage the latter which was observed during epidural block, some sympathomimetic agents would be necessary with the volume loading. This approach would be much more important in patients with dehydration and high level of epidural analgesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Subcellular localization of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone.

Ultracentrifugation and sucrose gradient separation techniques have been applied to study of the subcellular distribution of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone (LH). Subcellular particle-bound LH accounted for 42% of the total LH while cytoplasm contained 58% of the total immunoassayable LH in these extracts. 70% of particle-bound LH was present in the P2 fraction and most of the particle-associated LH was found in subfractions of P2 rich in synaptosomes but poor in myelin and mitochondria. While actual amounts of LH in the P3 and P4, the microsomal fractions, were relatively small, the concentration of LH, expressed as nanograms per milligram of protein was quite high. Both content and concentration of LH in the nuclear pellet, P1, were substantially lower. These findings provide further framework for speculation on the role of brain-based LH.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity mediated by macrophage-like cells in mice with experimental liver injury.

The intensity of picryl chloride-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (PCl-DTH) was significantly lowered in mice with experimental liver injury induced by the injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT). Adherent spleen cells prepared from mice with liver injury suppressed the PCl-DTH in normal syngeneic mice by adoptive transfer at the time of immunization with picryl chloride (PCl). Cianidanol, administered orally to recipient mice immediately after the transfer of adherent spleen cells, caused total prevention of the PCl-DTH from suppression by the transferred adherent spleen cells. In in vitro studies, the adherent spleen cells from both CCl4-treated and ANIT-treated mice produced higher amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) than those from normal mice. The addition of cianidanol at the beginning of incubation caused an inhibition of PGE2 production of the adherent spleen cells. Furthermore, the spleen cell suspensions from CCl4-treated mice gave a marked increase in generation of superoxide anions (O2-), also inhibited by the addition of cianidanol. Gathered results support the adherent spleen cell as being the cell causing the suppression of DTH in mice with experimental liver injury; the important role of PGE2 and O2- in the suppression of DTH mediated by the adherent spleen cells was demonstrated. Cianidanol eliminated the suppression of DTH, owing principally to the inhibitory effect on the production of PGE2 and O2- from the adherent spleen cells.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1985

The effects of pantethine on lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in survivors of cerebral infarction.

A daily 1000 mg of pantethine was orally administered to 12 male survivors of cerebral infarction for 3 months. Before and after the medication, plasma lipoproteins were ultracentrifugally separated. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol tended to decrease. On the contrary, HDL-cholesterol concentration and HDL:LDL-cholesterol ratio significantly increased. HDL2-cholesterol concentration significantly increased, whereas HDL3-cholesterol concentration remained unchanged, resulting in a significant elevation of HDL2:HDL3-cholesterol ratio. In HDL2 the percentage content of cholesterol and triglyceride decreased, while that of phospholipid increased. However, no significant changes were found in the chemical composition of HDL3. The plasma concentrations of apo A-I and, to a lesser extent, A-II increased, with a slight increase in A-I:A-II ratio but A-I:A-II ratio in either HDL2 or HDL3 remained unchanged.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗