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Biomedical subjects

N Notzer

Publications and source records attributed to N Notzer.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A novel approach to military combat trauma education.

A heterogeneous group of 77 physicians on compulsory or reserve military service were exposed to a 5-day course in trauma management, specifically designed for military medical personnel. Cognitive knowledge of trauma care delivery of the medical officers was assessed by means of multiple-choice written tests, which were held before and upon completion of the course. The significantly improved (p less than 0.0001) scores of the post-course test demonstrate the value of a condensed trauma educational program. Analysis of the background variants (i.e., medical education, military, and residency training, and time since graduation) revealed that the relatively short but intensive course sufficed to surmount the difficulties inherent in instructing a student body composed of individuals with dissimilar professional experience. We advocate the institution of a compact course in trauma treatment, with the specific aim of enhancing the medical officer's knowledge in this critical field of medical care.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Role perception of medical residents in relation to hospital size and specialty].

The resident's perception of the nature of the socialization process during specialization in relation to hospital size and field of specialization was studied. A closed-type questionnaire was administered to 258 residents who in 1984 registered for Phase One of the National Board Examination during their training. The results indicate considerable homogeneity in their perception of the norms and rewards of the practice of medicine. No significant differences were found by field of specialization or size of hospital. However, there were significant differences in the nature of the actual training in relation to the size of the hospital. A great deal of direct training and a large routine workload was reported by residents in medium-sized hospitals as compared with large and small hospitals. Surprisingly, achievements of residents were not congruent with the pattern of training: the highest rate of success in the examination was achieved by residents in large hospitals, a lower rate in small hospitals, while the lowest was in medium-sized hospitals.

Hospital Bed Capacity↗
PubMed1989

Using hospital site visits for teaching occupational health.

In medical schools, the factory visit is an important ingredient of occupational health instruction at all levels. Usually the time allotted for teaching this subject in the undergraduate curriculum is limited; as a response to this constraint, the Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine has used its associated teaching hospitals as the "factory" since 1982. Following an introductory discussion, the students are divided into small groups and sent to various departments of the hospital--wards, kitchen, laundry, maintenance workshop, X-ray department, and surgery--to observe and evaluate the work environment. Following this activity, the students reconvene and discuss the health implications of what they have seen. This way of providing the factory visit is well accepted by the students, saves time, and contributes directly to the students' awareness of their own working environment.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1987

Determination in rejected medical school applicants: a 10-year follow-up.

In view of low admission rate to medical schools, a large number of applicants are rejected annually. This population is denied the fulfillment of its occupational goal and must decide either to reapply to medical school or to choose a different occupational path. The present study focused on the possible career paths of rejected applicants, their persistence in reapplication and eventual admittance. The closeness to medicine of the alternative career was examined by two dimensions: the situs and the status. The career paths were viewed with respect to pre-admission cognitive criteria and occupational status of the alternative choices as compared to medicine. The study's random sample comprised one-third of the unaccepted applicants to the Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine for the 1970 academic year. The research follow-up (n = 208) of the applicants was conducted in 1981. The results showed a strong determination on the part of the unaccepted applicants to persist in their choice of medicine: 59% of the subjects reapplied and graduated from medical school either in Israel or in other countries. This group was found to be significantly more persistent in its number of reapplications than subjects who turned to an alternative career path. Thus, persistence was rewarding. When an alternative occupation was chosen, the tendency was towards careers unrelated to medicine but with a similarly high occupational status. No significant differences were found in the pre-admission cognitive criteria between those who studied medicine and those who chose an alternative career. Motivation and determination seemed to be the dominant factors in the attainment of one's choice of medicine as a profession.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1986

The role of senior teachers in students' achievements.

This study points out the significant role of senior teachers in the process of instruction. It also asserts the consistency and reliability of student assessments of instruction, and the correlation between these assessments and the students' achievement. The study was conducted on groups rather than individual students. The assumption was that when teaching is carried out in groups, it is preferable to relate to the evaluation expressed by the whole group, and its correlation with achievement. The data included 51 student groups studying in 15 departments affiliated with the medical school in 12 hospitals: paediatrics (3), psychiatry (5), gynaecology (4) and surgery (3). The results emphasize the role of senior teachers in the process of instruction. It was found that a high positive correlation exists between senior teachers' direct involvement in teaching and students' academic achievements. However, a low correlation was found between students' assessments of the overall departmental teaching and their academic achievements. Thus, it appears that achievement is not directly influenced by the quality of teaching as perceived by the students, but rather by other factors, with the exception of a positive correlation between the contributions of the department heads to instruction and students' achievement.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

Effect of religiosity on sex attitudes, experience and contraception among university students.

This study deals with the effect of the degree of religiosity on attitudes toward and experience with sex and contraception among university students. Students defined their religious beliefs on the poles from orthodox religion to opposed-to-religion. Data were gathered by an anonymous questionnaire on sexual activity, attitudes toward sex, unwanted pregnancy and contraception. Orthodox and observant students left questions on sex unanswered. Female students were sexually active and used contraception in inverse relationship to their degree of religiosity. There was no parallel finding for males. The more religious the student the less sex was considered contributory to the relationship and the acceptance of abortion declined, but even among religious female students 48% chose abortions as a solution to an unwanted pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1984

Moral reasoning as a criterion for admission to medical school.

To determine whether admission interviews could differentiate applicants on their personal qualities (such as integrity, empathy and commitment) 456 applicants from two medical schools were tested on the Defining Issues Test (DIT), which measures the amount of principled or post-conventional moral reasoning. No difference was found between the DIT scores of the accepted and the rejected applicants of the school in which the admission criteria are the traditional scholastic ones. On the other hand, a great difference was shown in the school which admits students for their personal characteristics as assessed by interviews. Yet only moderate correlation was shown between the DIT and the interview scores. Since moral reasoning is a key concept in medical professional behaviour and is correlated with clinical performance, the findings deserve special attention. A possible use of the DIT in the student selection process is discussed.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1979

Differential evaluation of students' performance in histology. All questions are equal but some are more equal than others.

Construction of multiple choice questions in histology is often hampered by the difficulty in finding alternatives to the correct answer which will be neither trivial nor ludicrous. An additional problem appears when the student performance on the morphological and the functional aspects needs to be assessed. A method of test construction is presented which includes 'multi-dimensional' questions. The questions reflect the objectives of the course and performance is evaluated differentially according to the importance attributed to their content. 'Essential knowledge' is more highly rewarded than knowledge deemed secondary by the course's planners.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗