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N Ohkohchi

Publications and source records attributed to N Ohkohchi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Assessment of liver graft function after cold preservation using 31P and 23Na NMR spectroscopy].

We investigated the functional damages of cytoplasm and cell membrane of liver grafts in male WKY rats after 24hr- or 48hr-cold preservation using a UW solution in vitro. 10mM fructose or 50mM NH4Cl was added to the perfusate, and synthesis of fructose-1-phosphate (F-1-P) and Na(+)- and H(+)-ion transports through the cell membrane were evaluated with 31P-MRS and 23Na-MRS. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, beta-ATP/(inorganic phosphate: Pi) of the 48hr-preserved liver was significantly lower than those of the other groups. In the control and the 24hr-preserved liver, the changes of F-1-P were almost the same, but F-1-P synthesis was lower in the 48hr-preserved liver than those of the other groups. Intracellular pH began to drop after cessation of NH4Cl loading, and then recovered to the previous level. At the same time Nain was increased in the control group. However, in the other two groups, the increasing rates of Nain were lower, and the recoveries of Nain were worse. In conclusion, the function of cell membrane was more fragile than that of mitochondria and cytoplasmic sugar metabolism in the liver graft.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Defined formula diets alter characteristics of the intestinal transport of amino acid and peptide in growing rats.

Recently defined formula diets are widely used for patients with digestive diseases. Long-term administration of such diets is presumed to change the absorptive characteristics of the small intestine. We investigated the influence of the defined formula diet on the absorptive capacity of growing rats by measuring the potential difference of sugars, amino acid, half-maximum concentration (kt) of these substrates, the activities of disaccharidase and dipeptidase, and the portal amino acid concentrations. There was no significant difference in the body weight of rats fed amino acid or peptide diets and those given the normal chow, but the administration of the defined formula diets reduced the absorption of amino acid and small peptide per serosal area and kt. On the other hand, absorption of sugars was not significantly influenced by the type of the diets. The differences in the absorptions of amino acid and peptide following the administration of the defined formula diet might be associated with the change in the resistance of the unstirred water layer or the alteration in the active transport system of amino acids or peptides in the small intestine. No significant differences were observed between the influences of the amino acid and the peptide diets.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Surgical limitation for biliary atresia: indication for liver transplantation.

Of 245 patients undergoing corrective operations for biliary atresia, jaundice was cleared in 113. In January 1988, 84 of them were living and free of jaundice and the other 19 were alive with jaundice. A vast majority of long-term survivors showed normal growth and development, and were leading normal lives for their respective ages. Portal hypertension, a common late complication, improved spontaneously or after sclerotherapy in jaundice-free patients. Therefore, liver transplantation is not recommended for jaundice-free patients even with esophageal varices. Patients with persistent severe jaundice (serum bilirubin over 10 mg/dL) and those with moderate jaundice (serum bilirubin 5 to 10 mg/dL) and severe esophageal varices require liver transplantation. Patients with moderate jaundice having no or slight varices should be carefully followed. When varices become worse or serum bilirubin rises, liver transplantation is indicated. Patients with mild jaundice (serum bilirubin lower than 5 mg/dL) have a possibility of improvement in their condition before the age of 15 years, and are not recommended for liver transplantation. The high value of the lowest postoperative bilirubin level suggests the necessity of liver transplantation in early childhood. Liver transplantation as the primary treatment for biliary atresia may be indicated only for patients over 120 days of age with an enlarged and hard liver.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up study of patients with cholangitis after successful Kasai operation in biliary atresia: selection of recipients for liver transplantation.

Since the introduction of cyclosporine A, liver transplantation has become accepted as the therapy for end-stage liver disease. However, there are no definite criteria for liver replacement in biliary atresia. We investigated (a) the survival rate after hepatic portoenterostomy (n = 131), (b) liver function tests in fatal cases after an initially successful hepatic portoenterostomy (n = 9), and (c) liver function tests in the patients with episodes of cholangitis after a successful surgical treatment (n = 8). Patients with persisting jaundice after the surgery cannot be expected to survive long, and therefore they definitely should undergo liver transplantation. When total bilirubin concentration was above 10 mg/dl in patients with cholangitis after a successful operation, conservative therapy had almost no effect. Therefore, patients with total bilirubin levels above 10 mg/dl should be considered for liver transplantation. Of the liver function tests, only total bilirubin was reliable as a marker for hepatic failure in the end stage of biliary atresia. Prolongation of thrombo test and episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding also were used in selection of patients for liver replacement.

Biliary Atresia↗
PubMed1988

[Nutritional condition and absorptive capacity of 14 infants with short bowel syndrome].

We examined the absorptive capacity and the nutritional condition of 14 infants with short bowel syndrome, whose residual small intestine was 90 cm or less. Their age ranged from 1 year to 18 years. Examined items were body weight, height, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fat soluble vitamins, trace elements and rapid turn over protein as markers of the nutritional condition. Fecal fat, fecal bile acid, d-xylose absorption test, sugar-, amino acid-evoked potential difference in the small intestine and disaccharidase activity of the mucosa were examined as markers of the absorptive capacity. Our results showed that the body weight was below the normal range in the patients with small intestine of less than 50 cm. Most nutritional markers were within normal range, however, cholesterol and vitamin D were low in the patients with fat malabsorption, especially in patients with less than 50 cm of small intestine. Fecal bile acid was higher than the normal range in all the patients. Potential difference was in normal range or slightly lower than normal in all the patients. We concluded that infants with less than 50 cm of small intestine had malabsorption of sugar, protein and fat. Therefore, prolonged nutrient support, especially fat, is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Developmental change of interrelationship between sugar-, amino acid- or peptide-evoked potential and influx across the mucosal border in the small intestine.

In this study, the electrical resistance of guinea pig small intestine was examined during postnatal development in vitro. The interrelationship between sugar-, neutral amino acid- or peptide-current calculated from potential difference and their influxes across the mucosal border of the small intestine was also investigated during postnatal development. At all stages from one week to adult animal, the electrical resistance remained at nearly the same value. Currents of glucose, maltose and lactose corresponded with influxes at any stage and these sugars were completely carried by an active transport system from the period of lactation. Glycine might be actively transported at any stage of development. Therefore the transmural potential differences induced by these substances are adequate indices of intestinal absorptive capacities. On the other hand, glycyl-glycine transport was independent of Na+ and glycyl-glycine induced PD does not reflect the influx.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Coagulability and fibrinolytic changes during veno-venous bypass in liver transplantation.

In clinical liver transplantation, a venous bypass that rechannels the blood flow from the inferior vena cava and portal vein to the superior vena cava has been used to maintain the venous return. However, the usage of mechanical shunt has given rise to derangements of blood coagulability and fibrinolysis. Therefore, changes of coagulability and fibrinolysis during the venous bypass were examined in dogs using a centrifugal pump (Bio-Pump), and the effect of gabexate mesilate for coagulation were studied. Venous bypass from the inferior vena cava and the portal vein to the external jugular vein was performed in mongrel dogs (group A: bypass without pump, group B: bypass with the Bio-Pump, group C: bypass with the Bio-Pump and the addition of gabexate mesilate). In group A, blood pressure gradually decreased, but in groups B and C it maintained the pre-bypass level. All results of coagulation parameters and fibrinolytic measurements of group B were not significantly different from those of group A; only partial thromboplastin time was prolonged in group B. However, this prolongation was effectively prevented by the addition of gabexate mesilate in group C.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of donor criteria for the prediction of outcome in clinical liver transplantation.

The results of 219 orthotopic human liver transplants performed during 1985 at the University of Pittsburgh were reviewed to determine whether donor parameters could be used to predict the quality of early graft function. Multivariate discriminant analysis demonstrated that traditional parameters of donor assessment are unreliable predictors of poor graft function. Furthermore, 56% of the donors considered poor by conservative selection criteria produced livers with good early posttransplant function. Survival of recipients of primary allografts from donors rated poor was no different than survival of recipients of allografts from donors rated good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Liver transplantation in dogs after 30 minutes of warm ischemia.

In order to investigate the applicability of liver transplantation after warm ischemia, a partial auxiliary auto-transplantation of the liver after 30 min of warm ischemia was carried out in 9 mongrel dogs. Among them, 6 dogs survived longer than 7 days. Liver functions, blood coagulability and histological changes were investigated before and after the transplantation. Serum GOT, LDH, and GPT levels were elevated immediately after transplantation, and returned to normal within a few days. Hemostatic tests also showed significant abnormalities after transplantation. Although PT and thrombotest became normal within a week, PTT and antithrombin III remained slightly abnormal for longer periods. Microscopically, vacuolization and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed after transplantation but they recovered completely within 4 weeks. Based on these results, it could be said that the livers subjected to warm ischemia for 30 min ischemia were still acceptable for auxiliary transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reoperation in patients with biliary atresia.

Twenty-seven reoperations were done on 23 patients among 100 infants with biliary atresia who have been treated at Tohoku University Hospital between 1971 and 1981. Nineteen patients had a single reoperation and 4 patients had 2 reoperations. We present the results and the role of reoperation in biliary atresia patients in our institution. Excellent bile drainage after reoperation was obtained in 13 of 15 patients with good bile flow after the initial operation. On the contrary, good bile drainage was not obtained by reoperation in 8 of 12 cases without active bile flow after the initial operation. Cessation of bile flow after successful initial operation is an absolute indication for reoperation. Aggressive reoperations under proper indications improve the surgical results in biliary atresia patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Changes of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation after surgery for congenital dilatation of the bile duct.

Of 47 patients suffering from congenital dilatation of the bile duct whose intrahepatic bile ducts could be clearly demonstrated by operative cholangiogram or preoperative ERCP, 39 patients (83%) had dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Follow-up studies in infants and children ranging from 1 year to 11 years after their corrective operation for congenital dilatation of the common bile duct showed no morbidity that was attributed to the presence of the dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. ECHO grams in 21 patients revealed marked decrease in size of the intrahepatic bile ducts except for two patients with huge cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. These findings justify the employment of the standard operative procedure for the treatment of congenital dilatation of the bile duct even if it is associated with dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Application of a potential difference to evaluate the absorptive faculty in the small intestine. The change of the transmural resistance and the transport system during post-natal development].

Presently there is no effective method for evaluating the intestinal absorption of sugar, amino acid and small peptide. Since the transmural potential difference (delta PD) is generated immediately when sugar, amino acid or small peptide are absorbed in the small intestine, we tried to utilize this potential difference for the evaluation of absorptive faculty. The delta PD is the product of influx and electrical transmural resistance. To evaluate the intestinal absorptive faculty by the delta PD it is necessary that the electrical resistance of the small intestine does not change throughout the life time and that sugars, amino acids and peptides are transported actively. In guinea pig, the electrical resistance of the small intestine was examined in postnatal development in vitro. Transport systems of sugars amino acid and peptide were also investigated. Through the entire life the electrical resistance of the small intestine remained at almost the same value and sugars and amino acid were completely transported actively from the birth. But small peptide was transported actively after the period of weanling. Evaluation of intestinal aborptive faculty of sugars, amino acids and small peptides is considered to be possible by the transmural potential difference.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The evaluation of the nutritional condition and the absorptive capacity in long-term follow-up of infants with short bowel syndrome].

The nutritional conditions and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short bowel syndrome were investigated during a long follow-up period from one and half years to 14 years and 7 months. The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 13 and 90cm. The nine infants had normal meals at home and did not suffer from persistent diarrhea. Most of the infants were thin. Nutritional conditions, for example, serum protein, triglycerides, vitamins, trace elements and plasma amino acids, were kept relatively well, and there were no symptoms of deficiency. The results of D-xylose absorption test had gradually improved but the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids observed by potential differences were within the normal limits or slightly subnormal except one infant. This indicated that the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids per a given area of the residual small intestine did not increase. From our examination the critical length of intestine might be in the neighborhood of 50cm. The infants left with less than 50cm of small intestine seem to have grown up normally but malabsorption of fat, sugars and bile acids have continued for many years.

Adolescent↗