Biomedical subjects

N Ohkohchi

Publications and source records attributed to N Ohkohchi.

112 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanism of D-xylose transport in human small intestine.

The transport mechanism of D-xylose across the mucosal border of small intestine was investigated in humans both in vitro and in vivo. A comparative study was also made between infants and adults. We investigated the Na+ dependence of D-xylose influx from the mucosal solution into the epithelial cells, the phlorizin sensitivity of the influx, transport kinetics and electrogenic property of the D-xylose transport. The results of kinetic study indicated that the transport of D-xylose was completely diffusional. The influx of D-xylose across the mucosal border of human small intestine was Na+ independent and phlorizin insensitive. The electrical property of D-xylose transport could not be observed. There was no difference in the characteristics of D-xylose transport between small intestines of infants or adults. These results in the present study suggest that D-xylose does not share a common transport mechanism of D-glucose, and xylose tolerance test does not give any information about the absorptive capacity of D-glucose.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption by measuring sugar- and amino acid-evoked potential differences in jejunum in vivo.

A girl who was clinically suspected of having congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption was investigated for sugar- and amino acid-evoked potential differences in the jejunum in vivo using a jejunal perfusion technique. She was fed an ordinary diet without suffering diarrhea at the time (at age 2) of this study. Her nutritional condition and development were normal. The disaccharidase activities of a biopsy specimen of the jejunal mucosa, which were assayed at 1 year of age when she was not having diarrhea, were normal. Jejunal perfusion of 100-mM solutions of D-glucose or D-maltose evoked no significant change in the electrical potential difference. On the other hand, 100 mM of L-glycine or L-leucine solution evoked a normal increase of the lumen negative potential difference (4.4 mV and 3.6 mV, respectively). Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption due to a defect of Na-dependent glucose-galactose active transport. These findings indicate that the measurement of sugar- and amino acid-evoked potential differences is a simple and reliable method for the diagnosis of congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: a case report.

A case of primary hepatic carcinoid tumor is reported. A 57-year-old woman had no endocrine symptoms. Light microscopic findings revealed tumor cells forming trabecular or insular structures and demonstrating diffuse positive staining by the Grimelius method. Mucin stained with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian-blue was partially present in the tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells stained positive with chromogranin A and cytokeratin stains. Intensive and careful investigation before and after the operation revealed no other origin of the tumor. We present this rare case, describe the clinical features of hepatic carcinoid, and discuss its diagnosis.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the nutritional condition and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short bowel syndrome.

Nutritional conditions and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short bowel syndrome were investigated during a long follow-up period from 1.5 years to 14 years and 7 months. The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 13-90 cm. The nine infants had normal meals at home and most of them did not suffer from persistent diarrhea. Most of the infants were thin. Nutritional parameters were kept relatively normal. The results of D-xylose absorption test had gradually improved, but the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids, observed by potential differences, were within the normal limits or slightly subnormal except for one infant. This indicated that the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids per a given area of the residual small intestine did not increase. Severe steatorrhea continued for several years in infants with less than 50 cm of small intestine. In these infants the concentration of serum vitamin D and total cholesterol were below the normal limits and the absorption of bile acids was disrupted. From our examination, infants with less than 50 cm of small intestine must be followed up for a long period and nutritional supplements are necessary.

Adolescent↗