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Biomedical subjects

N Oishi

Publications and source records attributed to N Oishi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Behaviors of crystalline waters of (RS)-7-(2-aminomethylmorpholino)-1- cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid].

Physicochemical characteristics of crystalline water of (RS)-7-(2-aminomethylmorpholino)-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-di hydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid were studied by thermal analyses and powder X-ray diffractometry. The dihydrate of the compound was stable under ambient or humidified conditions. The dihydrate converted to a monohydrate on drying under mild conditions. The mono- and dihydrates transformed into alpha-type anhydrate at 110 degrees C. These three kinds of crystals were convertible each other under appropriate conditions. At 165 degrees C, the hydrates and the alpha-anhydrate converted to beta-type anhydrate. The compressed effects on the crystalline waters were also discussed for the dihydrate by kinetic analyses.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

An improved pulsed-field polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system for physical selection of linking clones: isolation of SfiI linking clones from a chromosome 21-specific library.

We had previously developed an efficient procedure for selective cloning of rare-cutter linking fragments that is based on physical separation of linking clone DNAs by pulsed-field polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PF-PAGE). An advantage of the physical selection procedure over the conventional cloning-based ones utilizing the insertion of selection marker or vector sequences into the rare-cutter sites is that it can be readily applied to the selection of linking fragments for rare-cutters, generating ambiguous cohesive end sequences such as SfiI (GGCCNNNN/NGGCC). In the present work, the physical separation procedure was improved by introducing a discontinuous buffer system into PF-PAGE, and its feasibility was exemplified by the selective isolation of SfiI linking clones from a human chromosome 21-specific library. This simple and efficient procedure will provide a useful tool for genome analysis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Impact of a student interdisciplinary oncology team project.

Team approaches to health care have been developing steadily over the past 30 years in response to increasing concerns about accessibility, efficiency, and comprehensiveness of health care services. Implementation of team approaches has been accompanied by development of curricula and educational experiences that educate health professionals both in effective teamwork skills and in understanding the contributions each profession makes to comprehensive health care. Such a project was implemented in 1975 at the University of Hawaii involving the Schools of Nursing, Social Work, and Medicine. This paper describes an evaluation of the impact of an interdisciplinary team approach to the care of oncology patients by students in medicine, nursing, and social work. Evaluation is based upon project objectives using a series of pre- and posttest measures and weekly logs by participating students between 1979 and 1985. The paper addresses the following questions: What was the impact of the team experience on participating students as reflected in evaluation data? How effective was the Student Interdisciplinary Oncology Team Project in helping students achieve each of the seven stated objectives? What are the differences in professional socialization processes among the three professions represented in the project?

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1990

Polymorphism of the human vitronectin gene causes vitronectin blood type.

Human blood plasma/sera are classified into three distinct vitronectin types based on the relative amount of the 75 kDa polypeptide to its cleavage product of 65 kDa. We asked whether the vitronectin blood types correlated with the polymorphism of the vitronectin gene. A portion of the vitronectin gene was amplified by using polymerase chain reaction and digested with a restriction enzyme PmaC I which may distinguish the base sequence causing the polymorphic change at the amino acid position 381. Amplified DNAs of the blood type I (75 kDa-rich), II (75/65 kDa-even), and III (65 kDa-rich) were shown to be resistant, moderately sensitive and completely sensitive to PmaC I, respectively. These results suggest that Thr at position 381 is essential for the cleavage of the vitronectin 75 kDa polypeptide and that three possible combinations of two codominant alleles of vitronectin determine three vitronectin blood types.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

VM-26 in colorectal carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

In this multi-institutional phase II study, VM-26 or Teniposide was administered to forty-two patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Patients were initially treated at 60 mg/M2 daily for 5 days with dose adjustments depending on toxicity. One complete response and one partial response were observed lasting six and four months respectively. Leukopenia was severe in 40% of patients. No drug related deaths were seen. In this Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) study, VM-26 appeared to have minimal benefit in advanced colorectal cancer.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Cell cycle synchronization: reversible induction of G2 synchrony in cultured rodent and human diploid fibroblasts.

In accord with a set of prespecified principles of cell synchrony induction, a three-step procedure was developed to arrest cells reversibly in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were presynchronized in early S phase by sequential treatment with isoleucine deficiency and hydroxyurea blockades; then they were switched to medium supplemented with either of two agents that inhibit DNA topoisomerase II activity by different mechanisms, Hoechst 33342 at 7.5 micrograms/ml for 12 hr or VM-26 at 0.5 micrograms/ml for 8 hr. Up to 95% of the cells accumulated in G2 phase under those conditions. After switch of Hoechst 33342-treated cells to drug-free medium, the cells divided as a highly synchronized cohort of cells within 3 hr. Up to 85% of the cells in a culture of human diploid dermal fibroblasts (HSF-55 cells) could be accumulated in G2 phase by placing cells presynchronized in early-S phase in medium containing Hoechst 33342 at 0.1 micrograms/ml for 10 hr. Reversal of G2 arrest in the HSF-55 cultures resulted in cells dividing synchronously over 3.5 hr. By varying the concentration of Hoechst 33342 and the duration of the treatment period, it was possible to alter the position within G2 phase at which cells accumulated. This synchronization protocol should greatly facilitate study of G2/M biochemical events in mammalian cells, in particular, those associated with cdc2 gene regulation of the onset of mitosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Synchronized human diploid fibroblasts: progression capabilities of a subpopulation that fails to keep pace with the predominant, rapidly dividing cohort of cells.

Highly synchronized cultures of HSF-55 human diploid fibroblasts contain subpopulations of cells with intact plasma membranes that do not participate in the parasynchronous division wave. To determine the fate of these laggard cells, cultures were incubated with BrdU for variable periods to label newly replicated DNA in both the readily synchronizable and nonsynchronizable subpopulations. The kinetics of labeling with BrdU were determined with a two-laser flow cytometric technique that did not employ antibody to BrdU, but instead monitored emission of fluorescence from DNA-specific stains that differed in the degree of BrdU-induced quenching of their fluorescence signals. Approximately 90% of the cells rapidly incorporated BrdU and later divided within a 3 hr period. The remaining 10% of the cells, however, were found to reside within a minority subpopulation that maintained the capacity to traverse the cell cycle, but at a greatly reduced rate relative to the progression capacity of the majority of cells. Cells were viably sorted from these cohorts within the synchronized culture, and their kinetic behavior was determined through direct measurement of their growth rates and plating efficiencies. As predicted by the BrdU labeling studies, the sorted cells from the minority, slowly traversing subpopulation divided at a rate that was 30 to 50% lower than that obtained with cells sorted from the readily synchronizable subpopulation. From consideration of the kinetics of entry into S-phase of the majority and minority subpopulations, protocols are described that should allow preparation of relatively pure populations of both early- and late-replicating species of human DNA.

Aphidicolin↗
PubMed1988

VP-16 + adriamycin vs. adriamycin alone in advanced adenocarcinoma of the breast, phase II, a randomized trial: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

One hundred twenty-two patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the breast were randomized to receive adriamycin (AD) alone or a combination of VP-16 plus lower dose adriamycin (VAD). The patients were stratified to good and poor risk. The starting dose (day 1) of AD was 60 mg/m2 for good risk and 45 mg/m2 for poor risk. The starting dose of the VAD combination for the good-risk patient was VP-16, 75 mg/m2 daily x 5 plus adriamycin 35 mg/m2. The poor-risk dose for VAD was VP-16, 50 mg/m2 daily x 5 plus adriamycin, 30 mg/m2 on day 1. The total dose of AD was 450 mg/m2 on both arms. The patients who were on the VAD arm continued on VP-16 maintenance. Both arms were repeated every 21 days. There were 54 evaluable patients on the adriamycin arm and 52 evaluable patients on the VAD arm. Both arms were similar with regard to age, menopausal status, performance status, and prior hormonal therapy. More hematologic toxicity was seen in the adriamycin arm. Complete responses were observed on both arms, three (5%) with adriamycin and three (5%) with combination. Eleven (19%) and ten (18%) partial responses were observed with the adriamycin and VP-16 plus adriamycin, respectively. AD produced more stable disease than VAD (41% vs. 29%). Complete responses were seen only in the good-risk patients. Time to progression was delayed on the combination arm (P = 0.02). The survival in both arms was similar. The addition of VP-16 to adriamycin does not offer an important clinical advantage.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Doxorubicin-cisplatin-vinblastine combination chemotherapy of advanced endometrial carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

A combination of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 iv), cisplatin (50 mg/m2 iv), and vinblastine (5 mg/m2 iv) repeated every 3-4 weeks was used to treat 55 patients with advanced stage III or IV or recurrent disease. Of the 42 fully evaluable patients, there were 3 complete responders (7%) and 10 partial responders (24%). Responses were of short duration (median of 8 months, range 3-15 months) and the median survival of all evaluable patients was only 10 months from the start of therapy. Leukopenia was the major toxicity and was at least moderate in two-thirds of patients. We conclude that the addition of cisplatin and vinblastine to doxorubicin does not improve the clinical utility of doxorubicin in patients with advanced endometrial cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bisantrene hydrochloride in gastric adenocarcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Because "the standard" chemotherapy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, the FAM combination of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin, is only minimally effective, there is a clear need for other choices. Therefore, the Southwest Oncology Group tested the new adriamycin analog, bisantrene, hoping that it might be more effective than the "parent drug." Twenty-six patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were treated on a program of every-3-week 2-hour bisantrene infusions. The starting dose was 260 mg/m2 (208 if poor risk), with subsequent doses based on prior toxicity. The regimen caused sufficient toxicity (especially local phlebitis with pain and swelling) to assure an adequate test. One person (3.8% of eligible patients) experienced a clinically useful 3-month response. He had previously had progressive disease on FAM. Nevertheless, we conclude that bisantrene is not an addition to the small list of drugs useful in the management of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and carmustine versus procarbazine versus dacarbazine for the treatment of malignant gliomas following surgery: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Between 1977 and 1981, the Southwest Oncology Group entered 278 patients on a randomized study (SWOG 7703) to compare the effect of three different chemotherapeutic agents given in combination with radiotherapy (6000 rads over 7 weeks) following surgery for malignant gliomas. The chemotherapy regimens were: carmustine (BCNU)--80 mg/m2 iv daily X 3 every 6 weeks; procarbazine (PCB)--100 mg/m2 orally; or dacarbazine (DTIC)--175 mg/m2 iv daily X 5 every 4 weeks. Patients were stratified according to age, and degree of resection, with no differences identified between groups. The response rates (complete plus partial) for BCNU and DTIC were significantly better than for PCB [BCNU, 39%; PCB, 13%; and DTIC, 38% (P less than 0.01)]. The response duration and survival were somewhat better in patients treated with BCNU and DTIC, but compared to patients treated with PCB, the difference was not statistically significant. Median survival times were: BCNU, 45 weeks; PCB, 31 weeks; and DTIC, 49 weeks (P greater than 0.3). There were six toxic deaths with BCNU and four with PCB, most of which were due to infection associated with leukopenia. The high toxicity and minimal benefit of chemotherapy added to radiotherapy compared to historical results with radiotherapy alone suggest that combined treatment may not be indicated for some patients.

Brain Neoplasms↗