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Biomedical subjects

N P Boye

Publications and source records attributed to N P Boye.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Induced sputum. Indication for examination in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?].

Induced sputum is a simple, rapid, and non-invasive technique for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In this study 31 patients were examined both with induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage. P. carinii was found in 24 patients. In 68% of the samples obtained by the induced sputum method the microorganism was found after Giemsa or methenamine silver staining. In 32% the diagnosis was established in the lavage fluid only. Induced sputum is indicated in moderate cases of P. carinii infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage has to be performed in suspected cases where staining of induced sputum is negative and when coinfection with other microbial agents is suspected.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1994

[Physiotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without mask training].

16 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease were randomized into two groups which were treated with physiotherapy for six weeks. In one group the treatment also involved using a respiratory training mask. Six patients in both groups completed the study. Both groups experienced an improvement for most parameters. The study showed that physiotherapeutic treatment with physical training improved the patients working capacity. However, the treatment with a mask gave no significant additional effect. 46 outpatients who were treated with a mask were asked later if they still used the mask. Only 28% used it regularly and 35% had stopped using the mask because they did not feel any effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Cold provocation test. A method for diagnosis of bronchial asthma].

This article describes the method of isocapnic hyperventilation, where cold air (-22 degrees C) containing 5% CO2 is used to induce a temporary obstruction of airways in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity. The method is quick, has few side effects and is suitable both in the diagnosis and assessment of asthma. Tested out on ten current asthmatics and 14 controls, a median fall in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 21.7% was observed in the asthmatic group as against a median fall in FEV1 of 1.4% among the controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Double-blind comparative study of ofloxacin (Hoe 280) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease.

In a double-blind study of 137 patients with exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease, the efficacy and safety of ofloxacin was compared with that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Both groups improved. The frequency of severe adverse reactions was highest in the TMP/SMX group, and 14.9% of the patients discontinued the treatment. In the ofloxacin group 6% had to stop the treatment. The failure rate was significantly lower in the ofloxacin-treated patients, 3.2% versus 13.8% in the TMP/SMX group. Ofloxacin was found to be an effective drug with few adverse reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Faster and more reliable absorption of adrenaline by aerosol inhalation than by subcutaneous injection.

1. The aim of the present study was to compare absorption of adrenaline given by aerosol spray inhalation with absorption after subcutaneous injection. 2. Arterial plasma adrenaline was measured in nine healthy volunteers following adrenaline administration by both methods. 3. Following inhalation of 20 puffs of adrenaline aerosol, 0.15 mg/puff, a peak arterial adrenaline concentration after 1 min and a rapid fall to baseline from this peak occurred. 4. When given by subcutaneous injection absorption was slower with a peak arterial adrenaline concentration after 4 min. The fall in arterial adrenaline from this peak level was not statistically significant within 30 min after injection. 5. There was less intersubject variation of arterial adrenaline concentration following inhalation when compared with injection. 6. Heart rate, blood pressure and finger tremor followed the changes in arterial adrenaline concentrations. 7. These results indicate that absorption is more reliable when adrenaline is given by inhalation. The rapid fall in arterial adrenaline following inhalation, suggests that repeated inhalations are necessary when such adrenaline therapy is required.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Local activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in lung disease.

Extravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis is an integral part of inflammatory reactions. Disordered expression of procoagulant and profibrinolytic factors by mononuclear phagocytes of the lung (i.e. lung alveolar macrophages (LAM) and interstitial macrophages) may have important bearings on inflammatory lung tissue destruction and repair. Based on this hypothesis we have measured the presence of trigger molecules and activation products of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in bronchoalveolar cells. Patient groups with chronic obstructive disease (COLD) (n = 76), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 29), sarcoidosis (n = 22), lung cancer (n = 36), pneumonia (n = 39), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 17) and a control group (n = 60) were studied by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In all patient groups tissue thromboplastin (TPL) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were significantly increased compared to controls. Plasminogen activator (PA) activity was significantly lower in patients than in normals, and usually associated with high levels of antifibrinolytic activity. The level of PA inhibitor (PAI-2) was not significantly higher in any patient group compared to controls. The sensitivity of the method for fibrin degradation products (FDP) analysis was not high enough to detect FDP in BAL fluid of control individuals, whereas such products could be demonstrated in 25-53% of patients in various categories. We conclude that disordered expression of procoagulant and plasminogen activator activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may reflect a milieu that favours accumulation of fibrin in inflammatory lung tissue and form the basis for the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Immunotherapy of tree pollen allergy with a modified alginate conjugated birch pollen extract compared to an aluminium adsorbed extract.

The safety and efficacy of two birch pollen extracts, one chemically conjugated to alginate (Anjuvac) the other adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide (Alutard), were investigated in an open multicentre comparative study of 63 birch pollen allergic patients. Both extracts decreased the nasal symptoms during the birch pollen season. The changes in specific IgE and IgG were much the same in both treatment groups. The adverse reactions recorded were mild in both groups, but more frequent in the Anjuvac group, probably because of a more aggressive dose schedule though there were twice as many asthmatics in the Anjuvac group. The two investigated allergen extracts were useful alternatives for immunotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of bronchoalveolar cells and fibronectin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with lung disorders.

Differential cell counts and fibronectin levels were recorded in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis, pneumonia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). In all groups fibronectin levels were significantly higher than in the control group; patients with sarcoidosis had a six-fold higher fibronectin level (mean values), AIDS 5.4-fold, pneumonia 4.4-fold, lung cancer, IPF and COLD 2.4-3.0-fold. In control smokers the fibronectin level was significantly higher compared to healthy nonsmokers (p less than 0.002). The increased fibronectin levels could not be explained by contamination of BALF with blood or leakage of plasma proteins. Thus, increased fibronectin levels probably reflect local (e.g. macrophage/fibroblast) synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Procoagulant (thromboplastin) activity in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids is derived from alveolar macrophages.

Fibrin deposition in the alveolar space and the lung interstitium is a prominent feature of many types of inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage line are the primary cells supplying procoagulant activity in inflammatory lesions. In the present study we found that both lung alveolar macrophages (LAM) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from humans contained procoagulant activities. The procoagulant in BALF was associated with membrane vesicles which sedimented at 100,000 g for 1 h. By electron microscopy the BALF ultrasediment was seen to consist almost exclusively of membrane material and this was confirmed by monitoring the content of different marker enzymes for specific subcellular structures. Using macrophage membrane markers, at least part of the BALF-ultrasediment was shown to be derived from LAM. On the basis of phospholipase C sensitivity, antibody neutralization and the site of action of the procoagulant in the sequential activation of coagulation factors, both the LAM-associated and the BALF-associated procoagulant activity was identified as thromboplastin (tissue factor) or thromboplastin-factor VII complexes. This suggests that alveolar macrophages and the LAM-derived thromboplastin-containing microvesicles may contribute to intraalveolar and interstitial fibrin deposition in vivo and probably also have consequences for the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1989

Antigenic specificity of human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes studied by an immunofluorescence technique.

Lung alveolar macrophages (AM) and blood monocytes (BM) are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and have been shown to be composed of several functionally and biochemically distinct subsets. AM and BM were each fractionated into four subfractions by centrifugation over Percoll, 95 per cent of the monocytes having a higher buoyant density than the high-density AM fraction. Antigen distribution within the cell subfractions was studied by an immunofluorescence technique using a panel of ten monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reacting with separate antigenic determinants previously found on mononuclear phagocytes. Several antigens were present on both types of cells (Ki-M1, Ki-M6, Leu-M3, Leu-M5, 1D5, Dako-Ma, and HLA-DR), while other antigens were expressed exclusively on BM (MAS 072 and MAS 081) or on AM (Ki-M8). Ki-M1, Leu-M3, Leu-M5, and HLA-DR were expressed to a greater degree on the surface of AM (95-96 per cent of cells) than on BM (56-68 per cent), while an inverse relationship was noted for 1D5 antigen (present on 41 per cent of BM and 11 per cent of AM). Ki-M6 and Dako-Ma MoAbs recognized an intracellularly restricted antigen present in both AM and BM. Ki-M1, Ki-M8, MAS 072, MAS 081, Leu-M3, Leu-M5, 1D5, and HLA-DR were expressed both in the cytoplasm and at the cell surface. Some antigens (1D5, Leu-M3, MAS 072, MAS 081, and Dako-Ma) showed an uneven distribution among subsets of both AM and BM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Vigorous exercise in a female with cystic fibrosis: spirometric, biochemical, and endocrine responses during four types of intensive exercise.

Spirometric, biochemical, and endocrine responses during a maximal ergometer cycle test and during three runs (10 km, 21.1 km, and 42.2 km) were investigated in one female with cystic fibrosis (CF) 27 years of age and in two healthy control females 26 and 29 years of age. One of the controls ran as a companion to the CF woman, while the other ran at her own speed. The CF woman has a chronic respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and her spirometric values were 50%-70% of predicted values at the time of the study. For the last years she has been training almost daily with aerobics, running, cycling, or skiing. She completed the four types of exercise without major problems. Her spirometric values increased transiently following the cycle test and for several hours following the three races (maximal 20%-30% increase of spirometric values), while the controls had transient decreases of the same variables in response to the runs. The biochemical and the hormonal changes were similar in the CF woman and the control who ran at her own speed, while the control who was a less stressed companion showed smaller changes. This study demonstrates that well-trained females with CF may participate in strenuous prolonged exercise without untoward effects.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

Procoagulant activities in human alveolar macrophages.

The coexistence of fibrin and tissue macrophages is a common finding in the histopathology of chronic lung inflammatory diseases. Human lung alveolar macrophages (LAM) obtained by lavage of healthy donors can initiate the coagulation sequence by expressing procoagulant factors. The procoagulants of LAM were in this study identified to be either thromboplastin (tissue factor) or a direct factor X activator, probably a thromboplastin/factor VII complex. LAM did not show inducible thromboplastin synthesis as did monocytes when stimulated in vitro. LAM were separated into four subpopulations by density gradient centrifugation. The specific thromboplastin activity of subpopulation cells varied inversely with their density. Low-density subpopulations of LAM released microvesicles from their surface which could be recovered in the culture medium, and which expressed procoagulant activities with the same characteristics as the LAM procoagulants. These findings suggest that alveolar macrophages and the membrane vesicles shed from their surface contribute to local fibrin deposition in the lungs by expressing procoagulant factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Patient errors and preference with regard to the use of a bronchodilating spray and fenoterol (Berotec) powder.

The investigation compares the errors in using a bronchodilating spray and fenoterol powder for inhalation, it also determines the patient preference with regard to the preparation. Of 76 patients with obstructive lung disease, 15 (19, 7%) used the spray incorrectly, relatively many of them were elderly women. The most important cause was coordination problems. Only four had difficulty with the powder preparation. Forty-two patients preferred the spray providing the effects of both agents were equally good. Twenty-six preferred the powder and eight had no preference. The preference for powder was relatively greater among elderly women and among these patients who had not previously used a spray. It is concluded that the majority of earlier users of spray prefer this form of treatment and that instruction in the correct use of a spray is essential. The powder preparation is particularly advantageous for patients with coordination problems of various types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of fenoterol powder capsules and fenoterol metered dose spray in bronchial asthma.

In the present investigation the effect of fenoterol powder for inhalation has been compared to that of fenoterol spray in 20 adult patients with reversible obstructive lung disease. No difference could be demonstrated between the two forms of the drug in a randomized cross-over study. Neither was it possible to demonstrate any difference between the two preparations following the use of the drug at home over a minimum of four days, with regard to daily PEF registration and symptom scores. Nine of the patients preferred spray, six powder.

Adult↗