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Biomedical subjects

N P Goncharova

Publications and source records attributed to N P Goncharova.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Modified methods of percutaneous electrogastroenterography].

In 62 normal males and females gastrointestinal (GI) electrical activity was evaluated before and after standard breakfast with the method of epicutaneous electrogastroenterography (EGEG) with the use of AgCl electrodes and original hard- and software "Gastroenterograph" developed by the authors. Spectral analysis (SA) of GI electrical potentials enabled quantification of the electrical activity of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the whole of the small intestine. The stomach and the small intestine were main contributors to the total GI electrical activity during fasting. Changes in the functional activity of the digestive system after the meal were characterized by increases in selected SA parameters (length of the spectral curve and area underneath), dissociation between their values and redistribution of ratios in different GI segments.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1999

[Results of studies of carbohydrate metabolism and ultrasonography of the pancreas in man after continuous anti-orthostatic hypokinesia].

Data on the hypokinesia-induced transformation of the glycemic profile and ultrasonic changes in the pancreas structure are presented. The AOH study gave further evidence of transforming glycemic curves. Moreover, increased sizes of tail and head of the pancreas and a decrease in its echogeneity were observed in all test-subjects. Structural changes in the pancreas were confirmed by biochemical investigations which revealed increased levels of blood enzymes and activation of insulin secretion. Increases in the liver size, thickness of the wall of the stomach, diameter of the splenic vein were indicative of progressing venous plethora in the portal vein system. It was shown that venous plethora are the main cause for changes in the upper GI, and in the pancreas state in particular, which can be qualified as dysfunctional. These structural changes in the pancreas could suppress its functional activity manifested by increases in blood enzymes and hormones and transformation of the glycemic profile during the glucose load.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of enkephalin analogs on various digestive functions during restriction of motor activity].

Rats were exposed to 7-day hypokinesia and the effect of an enkephalin analog on the secretion of pepsin, amylase, the shape of the glycemic curve and the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, gastrin and insulin, was investigated. The hypokinetic exposure increased pepsin in the gastric mucosa and amylase in the pancreas, and decreased glycemia and insulin secretion. The analog normalized exo- and endocrine function of the pancreas and the shape of the glycemic curve.

Amylases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Digestive function of the small intestine and pancreas in rats on artificial feeding].

Full-value diets of similar composition were given to male rats weighing 207-230 g, by intravenous (group 1) or intragastric (group 2) routes. The proportion of amino acids, fats and carbohydrates was 9.9:15.7:74.4 (with regard to their calorific value). The diet calorific value comprised 60.6 kcal/rat/day. An average mass increase in group 1 was 2.44 +/- 0.14 g/day, in group 2 - 1.75 +/- 0.11 g/day. The protein content and activities of alpha- and gamma-amylase, invertase, maltase, and glycil-L-leucine dipeptidase were assayed in the intestinal mucosa of the proximal portion of the small intestine in group 1 rats, while a decreased alpha-amylase activity in the distal portion of the small intestine was recorded in the animals of group 2. The mass of the pancreas in the rats of group 1 and 2 was authentically lower than in the control rats which received oral feeding with natural foods. The lowest mass of the pancreas was observed in the rats of group 1. Specific activity of trypsin, lipase and RNase in the pancreatic tissues of rats in groups 1 and 2 was similar. The results of the study have evidenced a lowered function of the digestive system under conditions of artificial feeding, especially in case of intravenous nutrition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Carbohydrate hydrolysis, transport and utilization during limited motor activity in rats].

Carbohydrate hydrolysis, transport and utilization were investigated in rats exposed to diminished motor activity for 90 days. Glycemic curves were examined using provocative tests with equivalent quantities (1.5 g/kg body weight) of poly-, oligo- and monosaccharides (starch, maltose, glucose). Simultaneously, carbohydrases were measured in the homogenates of the pancreas, duodenal mucosa and small intestine as well as radioimmune insulin and glucagon were determined in blood. In the course of hypokinesia carbohydrate hydrolysis, transport and utilization varied in a different manner. At the beginning of exposure the activity of carbohydrases responsible for carbohydrate hydrolysis in the cavity and membranes increased which was accompanied by hyperglycemia and rapid utilization of carbohydrates. This is associated with nonspecific reactions to hypokinesia and higher requirements of the body for the energy substrate. By hypokinesia day 30 carbohydrate hydrolysis and transport were inhibited, hypoglycemia developed but glucose utilization remained unchanged. At a later stage of exposure the system of carbohydrate hydrolysis and transport showed an adaptive reaction; inhibition of pancreatic amylase was accompanied by accelerated enzyme transport in the small intestine and glucose resorption. In this situation the glycemic curves became extended suggesting a delay in glucose utilization. The latter was induced by changes in the endocrine compartment of the pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional state of the gastrointestinal tract organs in rats after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite].

The enzyme-excretory and motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract of rats flown for 18.5 days onboard the biosatellite Cosmos-1129 were studied. Immediately postflight, the pepsin synthesis decreased and the dipeptide parietal hydrolysis increased. At R + 6, the activity of the enzymes responsible for the cavitary and parietal hydrolysis of lipids significantly grew and that of the enzymes involved in protein hydrolysis fell. At R + 30, the carbohydrate hydrolysis was inhibited and the activity of lipolytic enzymes enhanced markedly. The amplitude and rhythm of stomach biopotentials were dysbalanced. The so-called immobilization stress of intact rats brought about activation of lipase, monoglyceridyl lipase, dipeptidase and inhibition of amylase and invertase. The immobilization exposure of flight rats caused inhibition of the membrane hydrolysis of proteins and carbohydrates and lack of the pancreatic reaction.

Adaptation, Physiological↗