Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N P Savina.
Immunologic parameters in head and neck cancer patients measured prior to treatment, in remission, at relapse and in cases of lymph node metastases developing 1-3 years following radiation treatment proved different. Evaluation of immune status, alongside with other diagnostic methods, can be used to confirm remission and diagnose relapse.
Circulating immune complexes are detectable in the patients with carcinomas of the head and neck, stomach, rectum, external genitals, lungs, with Hodgkin's disease, and melanomas. Immunoglobulin levels are abnormal in all the aforementioned conditions. The levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM differ in the patients with high and normal content of immune complexes. IgG elevation is more manifest in the presence of immune complexes. In pulmonary carcinoma, cancer of the head and neck, and Hodgkin's disease the concentrations of immune complexes and IgG correlate. Relationships between the rest immunoglobulin classes and the immune complexes are not so well specified.
Considerable deviations from the normal indices of T- and B-cell components of the immune system were found in patients with oral mucosa cancer. Some differences in immunity indices after 2 types of contact therapy was established. T-lymphocytes were radiosensitive in contact neutron 252Cf radiation, B-lymphocytes in gamma-beam radiation (60Co). The phagocytic component was characterized by relative radioresistance.
Patients with Hodgkin's disease, Stage I-III, underwent combined therapy (polychemotherapy according to the COPP scheme and irradiation) combined with splenectomy and levamisole immunostimulation. The circulating immune complexes (IC), serum immunoglobulins of I, A and M classes and the activity of neutrophil phagocytosis at the stages of treatment, at varying time of remission and in relapse of disease were determined. Polychemotherapy and its combination with irradiation caused a decrease in the content of circulating IC associated with a decrease in the level of immunoglobulins and an increase in relative phagocytic activity. The addition of the immunostimulator brought about better elimination of IC from the body. Immunostimulators are particularly recommended in large irradiation doses received by patients in prophylactic irradiation of zones of the accumulation of the lymph nodes. Combined therapy (with and without immunostimulator) in the presence of splenectomy produced no effect in the elimination of IC from the body in early time after treatment. A study of the IC level in the blood serum is an important factor in the evaluation of the patients' immune status, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of disease.
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In experiments with Wistar rats exposed to 7.5 Gy, polycationic sorbent ICHANT with gel structure and pores of various size exhibited stronger antitoxic properties as compared to carbon sorbents.
The review is devoted to the analysis of 155 reference published mainly in the recent years, which deal with the radiation effects on immune, nervous and endocrine systems. The role of thymus in the late manifestations of postradiation immunodeficiency is discussed. The published data on immune system disturbances and postradiation disfunction of endocrine system in the persons who suffered from the Chernobyl accident are considered.
Mice were grafted with syngeneic neonatal thymus 1-3 days or 7.5-8 months after local irradiation of thymus, hypothalamus/hypophysis and gonads. Thymus weight and thymocyte number were measured in autologous and grafted thymus 35-40 days after the transplantation. Thymus transplantation induces significant decrease in weight and cellularity of both autologous and grafted thymus. Irradiation of autologous and grafted thymus in doses of 1 and 10 Gy abrogates this effect. Irradiation of hypothalamus/hypophysis and gonads induces decrease of weight and cellularity of autologous and grafted thymus. Irradiation of gonads does not abrogate inhibitory effect of thymus transplantation. Local irradiation of all three regions decreases titre of serum thymic activity and influence concentrations of some hypophysis and adrenal hormones.
Irradiation of thymus with doses of 0.5 to 10 Gy and gonads with 10 Gy does not influence the growth of the tumor transplanted 10 days after irradiation and accelerates the growth of the tumor transplanted 11-12 months after exposure. Irradiation of hypophysis and hypothalamus with doses of 1 and 10 Gy accelerates the growth of the tumor transplanted 10 days and 11-12 months after exposure. In the latter case the effect was more pronounced. When thymus, hypothalamus and hypophysis were exposed simultaneously the effect was analogous to that observed after isolated exposure of hypothalamus/hypophysis but somewhat more pronounced. Irradiation of hypothalamus/hypophysis caused earlier and severer changes in the anti-tumor resistance than the exposure of thymus and gonads did.
In hybrid mice it was shown that the local irradiation of zones of thymus, hypothalamus-hypophysis (0.5, 1 and 10 Gy in both cases) and gonads (10 Gy) resulted in significant increase in weight at long terms after irradiation. In animals with increased weight the amount of lipids raised, balance of hormones and state of thymus-dependent unit of immune system changed, and exterior symptoms of early aging were observed. After irradiation of spleen and thigh muscles (10 Gy in both cases) all indices at the same period corresponded to age control.
Immunoendocrinological studies were carried out in mice during a year after local X-ray irradiation of thymus, hypothalamus-hypophysis, gonads, spleen and thigh muscles. Irradiation of the organs caused the stress regardless of the dose and localisation. No stable immunoendocrinological changes was observed in exposed spleen and thigh muscles. Post-irradiation disfunction of the central and peripheral endocrine gland (hypothalamus-hypophysis, gonads, thymus) induced alterations in function of other endocrine glands and depressive state of the endocrine system. Functional deviations in immune and endocrine systems has a phase character with some dose dependence. The effect of combined irradiation of thymus and hypothalamus-hypophysis is similar to those under separate irradiation.