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N Postoway

Publications and source records attributed to N Postoway.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Data on apheresis, blood collection, and transfusion-related activities: statistical analyses of the American Association of Blood Banks institutional membership questionnaires.

BACKGROUND: The American Association of Blood Banks annually surveys institutional members on activities pertinent to blood collections, apheresis, and transfusions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive statistics and comparative statistical analyses including trend tests were performed on selected topics from the 1989, 1990, and 1991 Institutional Questionnaires. The data were compiled by institution type, namely, regional and community blood donor collection centers and hospital-based facilities. Evaluated topics included the apheresis and therapeutic procedures performed, transfusion-associated AIDS and hepatitis, and the blood components (red cells, platelets, fresh-frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate) that were collected, transfused, or outdated or discarded. RESULTS: Significant findings (p<0.05) included upward trends over time in the numbers of donor plateletpheresis units collected and transfused and in the numbers of random-donor platelet concentrates collected by hospitals. There was an upward trend over time in the outdating or discarding of all blood component types that was reported by hospitals. Data from blood centers showed the outdating or discarding of significant numbers of apheresis platelets, fresh-frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate. No significant trends were identified in the reported cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis or AIDS. CONCLUSION: Ongoing data analysis of the institutional questionnaires provides information on trends in blood collection and transfusion-related activities.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1993

Blood donor-, apheresis-, and transfusion-related activities: results of the 1991 American Association of Blood Banks Institutional Membership Questionnaire.

Approximately 2154 regional blood centers and hospital-based blood banks and transfusion services responded to the 1991 American Association of Blood Banks Institutional Membership Questionnaire that elicited data from 1990. Information from 2144 institutions was considered valid. Questionnaire topics were donor blood collections, hemapheresis, perioperative cell salvage, component usage, and transfusion-associated diseases. Institutional members reported collecting 9.3 million units, of which 90.9 percent were for allogeneic use in the community, 6.0 percent were for autologous use, and 3.1 percent were directed donations. The percentage of directed-donor units that were crossed over for allogeneic use (51%) was greater than the percentage of units transfused to the designated patient (49%). Only 12.5 percent of institutions reported obtaining specific consent for transfusion. Of the 15.4 million transfused blood components, 8.5 million were red cells, 4.1 million were platelets, 1.8 million were fresh-frozen plasma, and 0.9 million were cryoprecipitate. There were 1263 reported cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis. Approximately 44 percent of the patients who were tested proved positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, and 80 percent of the patients who were tested proved positive for antibody to hepatitis C. The questionnaire's aggregate results can be used to assess current patterns of blood donation and transfusion activities.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia after Kawasaki disease in a child.

A 2-year-old male presented with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, continuous high fever, extensive truncal rash with desquamation, lymphadenopathy, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and oral stomatitis. He was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and did well on aspirin. Approximately 8 weeks after initial presentation he had evidence of severe immune hemolysis. At that time a direct antiglobulin test was microscopically positive; it became strongly positive (3 + IgG, w + C3) 2 weeks later. The serology was unusual in that a warm IgG autoantibody and a low titer high thermal range cold antibody of unusual specificity (anti-Ena or anti-Pr) were present. We were uncertain as to which antibody caused the hemolysis, or whether they worked synergistically. The hemolysis resolved following treatment with high dose prednisone.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1992

Blood donation and transfusion practices: the 1990 American Association of Blood Banks Institutional Membership Questionnaire.

Responses to the 1990 American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Institutional Membership Questionnaire were submitted by 2126 regional blood centers, hospital-based blood banks, and transfusion facilities. Data from 2117 of these facilities were considered to be valid. The questionnaire included information on blood donor demographics, number of units collected, and collection procedures; services performed; usage of blood components; and transfusion-transmitted diseases reported during 1989. Institutional members collected 7.4 million whole blood units, of which 90.8 percent were donated for allogeneic use, 6.0 percent were donated for autologous use, and 3.2 percent were donated for directed use. Approximately 630,546 allogeneic and directed-use blood donors were deferred, most often for low hemoglobin or hematocrit values. Approximately 225,205 full allogeneic and directed-donor units were discarded, primarily for elevated alanine aminotransferase levels or the presence of hepatitis B core antibody. The 14.3 million transfused components included 56.7 percent red cell-containing components, 27.4 percent platelets, 11 percent fresh-frozen plasma, and 4.8 percent cryoprecipitate. Institutional members reported 1397 cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis. In this group, 921 patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen after the transfusion; 339 (36.8%) were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive. The AABB Institutional Questionnaire results provide recent data on blood donor and transfusion-related activities that are vital to the evaluation of current transfusion medicine practices.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

A fatal case of ceftriaxone (Rocephin)-induced hemolytic anemia associated with intravascular immune hemolysis.

Fatal hemolytic anemia developed in a 52-year-old woman who was treated with a cephalosporin, ceftriaxone. The patient's red cells (RBCs) were coated with C3, but no RBC-bound IgG, IgA, or IgM was detected. Her serum contained an antibody that did not react with cephalosporin-coated RBCs but reacted strongly with RBCs in vitro when her serum was added to drug and RBCs. This is the first case of immune hemolytic anemia associated with ceftriaxone, the first case of fatal cephalosporin-induced hemolytic anemia, and the second case in which a cephalosporin antibody showed in vitro and in vivo characteristics usually thought to be associated with the so-called immune complex mechanism.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1990

A simple method for inhibiting ABO antibodies in sera used for platelet crossmatching.

Sometimes it is necessary to crossmatch and transfuse ABO-incompatible platelets As IgG anti-A and anti-B sometimes react with platelets from group A or B donors, these reactions can confuse the interpretation of crossmatching, which is designed to detect HLA or platelet-specific antibodies. Methods previously described to overcome this problem have been complex. Neutr-ABR, which contains A and B blood group substances from porcine and equine sources, can be used to neutralize anti-A and/or anti-B in sera used to crossmatch ABO-incompatible platelets. This simple technique has been used for many years in red blood cell (RBC) serology and involves simply adding 1 volume of Neutr-AB to 5 volumes of serum and incubating at room temperature for 5 minutes. In this study, 13 of 65 (20%) random group O donor sera reacted against random group A platelets and 6 of 67 (9%) random group O donor sera reacted against random group R platelets. All of the anti-A and anti-B reactions were inhibited by Neutr-AB when tested against group A or B platelets by solid-phase ELISA. The amount of A antigen on platelets and the levels of anti-A in group B or O sera can vary considerably, so we investigated the extent of the problem in platelet crossmatching. Sixty percent of 20 random group O sera reacted with platelets from a donor, who was selected because of the strong A antigen present on the platelets. Eighty-six percent of randomly selected group A platelets reacted with a group O serum containing strong anti-A. Neutr-AB was found not to inhibit 1 anti-P1A1 and 6 anti-HLA.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Immune hemolytic anemia associated with probenecid.

Upon hospital admission a patient was found to have severe anemia and a strongly positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT). The patient was taking probenecid periodically for gout. An antibody was detected in the patient's serum that only reacted with red blood cells (RBCs) when probenecid was added. Eluates from the patient's RBCs, with and without the presence of drug, were nonreactive. Upon the discontinuation of probenecid, the patient's hemoglobin level improved steadily. We believe this to be the first reported case of immune hemolytic anemia associated with probenecid.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elution of antibody from red blood cells using xylene--a superior method.

Chan-Shu and Blair's findings that xylene produces a strongly reactive eluate from red blood cells have been confirmed and extended. Alloantibodies of 21 different blood group specificities and red blood cells sensitized in vivo, including ABO sensitization of babies' blood, were tested. The xylene method produced stronger reacting eluates than the modified ether method in 70 per cent of the tests. Ether, acid, and heat methods never produced significantly stronger eluates than did xylene. Ether eluates prepared from red blood cells sensitized with anti-S and anti-s were nonreactive, but the same cells yielded easily detectable anti-S and anti-s when xylene eluates were prepared. The xylene method is sensitive and simple. In addition, xylene is not subject to such stringent control of storage conditions by inspection agencies as is ether.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Standardization of IgG subclass antiserums for use with sensitized red cells.

The only IgG subclass antiserums standardized for use with red cells are those sold by the Netherlands Red Cross. Their recommended method is a sedimentation antiglobulin test (AGT) not generally used in the USA. Some years ago we tested the antiserums for sensitivity and specificity using the routine centrifugation AGT and found the methods comparable. More recently, we have become concerned since the antiserums are being used by a variety of methods other than the recommended procedure. It is well-known that it is difficult to prepare subclass antiserums without contaminating antibodies to other IgG markers. Thus, we thought it worthwhile to standardize the antiserums with particular emphasis on specificity using several different technics. We found that some methods that have been used to define the subclass of red cell-bound IgG were inappropriate, and led to many false positive results.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous agglutination of red cells with a positive direct antiglobulin test in various media.

Red cells from 475 individuals (donors and patients) with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) (66% were 1/2+ to 1+, 19% were 1 1/2+ to 2+, and 15% were 2 1/2+ or greater) were examined for spontaneous agglutination following incubation in various media. Twenty-three percent of the samples showed spontaneous agglutination in commercial Rh control solutions, 6 percent in 30 percent albumin, 3 percent in 10 percent albumin, 2 percent in 6 percent albumin, and 1 percent in saline. Cells suspended in serum were more prone to spontaneous agglutination. The strength of spontaneous agglutination varied; more than 50 percent of the samples reacted only 1+ or less, approximately 10 percent reacted 2+ or stronger. There was not a complete correlation with spontaneous agglutination and quantity of IgG on the cells, as determined by the antiglobulin test. Of those samples showing spontaneous agglutination, 50 percent were associated with a DAT strength of more than 2+, 27 percent with a DAT of 1 1/2+ to 2+, and 23 percent with a DAT of 1/2+ to 1+. Spontaneous agglutination occurred with the same frequency whether the cells were sensitized with both IgG and C3 or with IgG alone. Surprisingly, 7 percent of the samples sensitized with C3 but no detectable IgG also demonstrated spontaneous agglutination. Marked differences in reaction strength were seen with Rh control solutions from different manufacturers, and the degree of spontaneous agglutination was inconsistent with individual products.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A severe transfusion reaction associated with anti-EnaTS in a patient with an abnormal alpha-like red cell sialoglycoprotein.

A 71-year-old woman (Ped) received 3 units of red cells (RBCs), compatible by the indirect antiglobulin test but strongly (4+) incompatible by direct agglutination at 37 degrees C. The next day, her plasma hemoglobin was 1252 mg percent and the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was weakly positive (IgG and C3). Less than 5 percent of the transfused cells could be detected 48 hours posttransfusion. Her clinical condition deteriorated and renal failure developed. The patient died of pulmonary embolism. Her serum contained a strong (4+) IgM agglutinin and a weakly reactive (microscopically positive) IgG antibody, with anti-EnaTS specificity. EnaFS and EnaTS antigens were severely depressed or absent from the patient's RBCs; the ficin-resistant Ena antigen (EnaFR) appeared to be present. Pretransfusion RBC sialic acid level was 53 +/- 2 percent of normal. The patient's RBC membranes were shown to contain sialoglycoproteins beta and delta by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with periodic acid Schiff's base staining, with weak staining of components in the regions corresponding to alpha, alpha 2 and alpha delta. The nature of these components was not identified, but their presence suggested that the patient's RBCs expressed a previously undescribed sialoglycoprotein alpha variant.

Aged↗