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N Quemada

Publications and source records attributed to N Quemada.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[The population treated in the general psychiatric sector in 1993 and 1998. Clinical and demographic evolution].

BACKGROUND: The French information system in public psychiatry sectors does not collect morbidity data for the population being treated, estimated as more than a million persons in 1997. Consequently, two surveys were financed by the "Direction Générale de la Santé" and carried out in 1993 and 1998 in order to specify clinical, social and demographic characteristics of the patients. These surveys allowed a follow-up of evolutions according to the pathology and mode of treatment in a context where outpatient treatments are becoming increasingly frequent. METHODS: A census of the patients was made at a given moment, between one and fifteen days according to the mode of treatment. One sector out of two was surveyed, using a systematic selection process. The ICD-10 was used for diagnosis reference. The same methodology was applied in 1993 and 1998. Comparisons were made with the data supplied by the sectors annually and with the data concerning the general population in order to calculate rates per age groups. RESULTS: Between 1993 and 1998, the number of patients increased by +37% in outpatient care, and in part time care, and decreased by -12% in full time care. Rates for patients increased for all age groups in outpatient and part time care, more particularly for the 35 to 49 years old. Conversely, rates decreased in full time care, above all for patients over seventy. In each mode of treatment, the number of patients presenting mood disorders and neurotic disorders increased more than the average, and the proportion of patients with organic mental disorders and mental retardation decreased. Evolutions were different according to the mode of treatment schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, and disorders of adult personality and behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Recourse to outpatient care and part time care increased considerably over five years but evolutions were markedly different from one diagnosis to another. In full time care, the decrease more particularly concerned certain pathologies and age groups. Three phenomena, with possible interactions, could explain the evolutions observed: the population liable to have recourse to psychiatric care is increasing, health policies have changed and care supply has become diversified, and recourse to psychiatric care is now increasingly accepted.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Changes in mortality among psychiatric inpatients, 1968-1982.

Data based on a national classification of mental disorders were collected continuously between 1968 and 1976, and then every two years from 1976 to 1982, following the same standards, in French public sector psychiatric hospitals. It was possible to study the evolution of deaths over this period taking all causes combined and by psychiatric diagnosis. The hospitalized population was estimated using data on length of stay and analysing them by the person-years method. The number of observed deaths was compared with the number of deaths expected applying the mortality rate of the general population to the numbers of inpatients of the same sex and age group and this gave us a standardised mortality ratio:SMR. Excess mortality in psychiatric inpatients, still apparent in this population, is decreasing except among women aged under 45, for whom it remains very high. Taking all causes of death combined, the mortality level in 1982 was almost 10 times higher than in the same female age group in the general population. Even when mortality is studied after exclusion of traffic accident deaths, the gap between men and women remained almost the same. The SMR for psychoses and mental retardation should no tendency to decrease in women aged under 55 and the SMR for neuroses showed a regular increase from 1972. A reduction was observed for all diagnostic groups studied in the 55 plus age group, for both men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Management of the adult population in ten psychiatric sectors. A new active file from a single year].

In 1983, a study was conducted during one year on the active file of patients of ten public psychiatric sectors. In the first part of this study, the social characteristics of the patients were compared to those of their population of reference. This comparison defined a profile of the psychiatric patients. It also showed that males had a socio-demographic profile differing significantly from the general population by age, marital and occupational status. For females, differences were found by age, marital status and nationality. Considering professional status, a remarkable similarity exists between the females and the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of mortality in hospitalized mental patients 1968-1982].

Yearly, between 1968 and 1976, and every two years from 1976 to 1982, diagnostic data based on a national classification of mental disorders were homogeneously collected in French public psychiatric hospitals. The hospitalized population was estimated by the person-year method, using data on length of stay. The number of observed deaths was compared with the number of deaths expected (Standardized mortality ratio). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for psychiatric inpatients were found irregularly and slightly decreasing, except among women under 45: this SMR was higher in 1982 (9.6) than in 1968 (7.4). The SMR for neuroses, in the under 55 years age group, showed a regular increase especially among women. The SMR for psychoses and mental retardation was decreasing among men. For people aged more than 55 years the SMR was decreasing for all groups of diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mortality in psychiatric inpatients.

The number of persons taken into psychiatric hospital care during 1982 in France was estimated using data on length of stay and analysing these by the person-year method. The number of observed deaths was compared by sex and age group with the number of deaths expected if the mortality in the general French population in 1982 were applied to the numbers of inpatients of the same sex and age group. The result of this comparison was that the mortality in mentally ill inpatients was found to be 3 times higher than that in the general population. This higher rate is further accentuated in younger age groups, especially women. This excess mortality has been observed with respect to natural causes of death as well as to unnatural causes, i.e. injury and suicide. Deaths from diseases of the circulatory system are overrepresented. As is true in the general population, these diseases account for the greatest number of deaths. Excess mortality is also high from diseases of the respiratory system. There is a high excess mortality due to signs, symptoms and ill-defined conditions, especially among women. Only in the case of neoplasms is there no excess mortality. Finally, excess mortality is found for deaths by injury and poisoning, especially for women, and suicides, particularly among men. Nevertheless, up to the age of 34, the female suicide rate is higher than that of men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Epidemiologic studies on anxiety].

The prevalence rate of anxiety disorders seems to be at least 5 per cent in a given population. Unfortunately there are only a few epidemiological studies in this field. With the help of three examples, the author underlines their interest in assessing the frequency of anxiety states and finding risk factors of etiological and prognostic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[An epidemiologic approach to psychoses].

This study is an epidemiological approach of psychoses based on morbidity statistics from french psyschiatric hospitals for the years 1968, 1971 and 1975. It compares some of the most interesting census and first admission data for the following categories: manic-depressive psychoses, chronic schizophrenia and paranoid states on the one hand, neurotic conditions, personality disorders and non-psychotic depressions on the other. Major trends are analysed. Two of them seem particularly interesting: 1) the decreasing number of cases classified as manic-depressive psychoses; 2) the diminishing proportion of females in most instances. Some explanatory hypotheses are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

French classification for child and adolescent mental disorders.

This report presents the French Classification of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (CFTMEA), operational since 1983 and validated through a broad multicentric study. CFTMEA is now the classification of reference for French child psychiatrists, who appear to be comfortable with it because it fits their diagnostic and therapeutic work. It bases its clinical categories on a psychopathological approach which includes an appraisal of potentials and prognosis. CFTMEA is deliberately built on two quite distinct axes: Axis I: basic clinical categories, and Axis II: associated and possibly etiological factors. The CFTMEA favors a broad appraisal of the disorders that it classifies, seeking whenever possible to establish a structural diagnosis based on psychodynamic psychopathology. The CFTMEA does not claim to be atheoretical, but does not impose a theoretical allegiance, because it is compatible with any etiological concepts. The CFTMEA's last revision (R 2000) is in an advanced phase of validation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mortality survey of treated mentally ill patients. Methodological reflections].

All the studies performed in many industrialized countries have shown that the mortality-rates of mentally-ill patients are higher than expected, despite of a recent trend indicating a diminishing difference by comparison with control-groups (review in Corten et al). In France, the works by Casadebaig and Quemada focused on the mortality-rates of psychiatric in-patients from 1968 to 1982 cannot unfortunately be performed nowadays because of an administrative change in the nation-wide death-registration. This is the main reason for the purpose of a longitudinal study on this topic for the next years in our country. The chief goals are concerned with public health and with analytical epidemiology: defining the Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) globally and by cause of death for the most typical clinical groups. Methodology and feasibility. The main methodological issues have to be examined first before implementation. Theoretically, one should wait that a multicentric longitudinal survey could be representative of the whole population of french mentally in and out-patients. Actually, this study will be more likely performed with collaborative centers agreeing for data-collection; and secondly, it will be necessary to control that these collaborative centers do not differ significantly from the other public psychiatry-departments for the main variables that may influence the mortality-rates. The definition of cases and their identification will be done according to the International Classification of Disorders (ICD) considering its ninth and tenth revision. This research also needs to include a large number of patients because of statistical constraints.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mortality of mentally ill patients. Review of the literature].

UNLABELLED: Overmortality among psychiatric patients has been a regular observation from the XIXth century to nowadays. If the rates of mortality have decreased in these last fifty years, they still remain higher than in the general population Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) (two or three times greater than normal). The authors reviewed 53 recent articles from european, north american, japanese and israelian researches on this question. Most of them proceed from crossings between psychiatric case register and death-register, and concern inpatients only (Brook, Giel, Saugstad, Mortensen, Herman, Haugland, Rorsman, Sturt, Winokur, Zilber). Some take into account outpatients as well (Eastwood, Koranyi, Martin, Ribourdouille). SMR are calculated and comparisons are made between different groups by sex, age, diagnosis and cause of death. Those are usually divided into 2 categories: natural deaths somatic diseases) and unnatural deaths (suicides-accidents). MAIN RESULTS: Among the patients, mortality rates are higher for men than women, but SMR are higher for women. The highest mortality relative risk is observed between 20 and 40 years of age. Except for three authors, unnatural deaths are not sufficient to explain overmortality. SMR for suicides and accidental deaths are decreasing with age; the relative risk is more important for outpatients, men, some specific diagnoses (affective disorders, acute schizophrenia) and during the first two years of the course of the illness. Suicide rates have been increasing among patients these last twenty years. Natural death is more frequent among patients with organic brain syndromes but is also in excess for the other patients. Cardiovascular diseases represent the first cause of mortality but infections (pneumonia-influenza) and metabolic diseases are over-represented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multicenter study of patients treated in a community psychiatric health service].

Research on the characteristics and modalities of treatment was conducted in several diversified fields of psychiatry. The first results have allowed us to establish a sociodemographic profile of the patients in relation to their reference population, which itself is rather like the french population. The essential differences were found in the matrimonial status and the socioprofessional categories. The most represented diagnostic categories were studied according to sex. The different types of treatment were defined as hospital, outpatient consultations and mixed. The study of the duration of treatment has shown the importance of single consultations and long periods of treatment of at least 2 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of depression (author's transl)].

The authors use a number of recent studies to illustrate what can be achieved by exemplary work on depression. One of the studies is concerned with incidence in one community and others with comparisons of clinical and psycho-social aspects of depression in different cultures. They underscore the importance of making the distinction between conspicuous and hidden morbidity when measuring morbidity rates. In clinical practice, psychiatrists see only a narrow range of the depressive spectrum, which is made up of many different clinical entities varying in symptomatology and severity. Attempts to compare the prevalence of these conditions are often frustrated by problems of definition and classification of the clearly morbid states, in addition to the difficulties inherent in differentiation between these states and the normally accepted range of mood variations. These points are probably largely responsible for wide differences in the prevalence rates published by different authors and for different countries. The latter part of the discussion emphasizes the scientific importance of transcultural comparisons of depressive symptoms and points out the need to assess the influence of socio-cultural changes upon the frequency and types of depressive states. Throughout all this discussion, the necessity of standardized instruments of clinical assessment is underlined.

Bipolar Disorder↗