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Biomedical subjects

N Qvist

Publications and source records attributed to N Qvist.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and dyspepsia. The influence on migrating motor complexes.

Twenty-five patients with dyspepsia were included. In 19 patients with a median age of 48 (range, 20-72) years endoscopy and histologic examination of biopsy specimens from the antrum and corpus of the stomach showed Helicobacter pylori-positive gastritis as the only pathologic finding. In six patients with a median age of 42 (range, 32-56) years H. pylori-negative gastritis was found. After an overnight fast the patients underwent an ambulatory duodenal motility study for 6-8 h. Twenty-five young healthy men served as the control group. In patients with H. pylori-positive gastritis the duration of phase I of the migrating motor complex (MMC) was significantly shorter than in the control group. The median value was 33 min (quartiles, 24-49), and in controls 56 min (40-136 min). Phase II was of significantly longer duration, with a median value of 88 min (51-121 min) in the patient group and 39 min (22-89 min) in the control group. The duration of phase III and the whole MMC cycle was similar in the two groups. However, in the patients with H. pylori-negative gastritis the values of the duration of the different phases of the MMC were similar to those of the patients with H. pylori-positive gastritis. Nine patients were reexamined after eradication of the H. pylori infection, and the motility pattern had changed to the characteristics found in normals. In conclusion, the patients with dyspepsia and gastritis showed a disturbed motility pattern. The disturbance was similar whether there was colonization of H. pylori or not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Activity and activation of the complement system in patients being operated on for cancer of the colon.

OBJECTIVE: To find out if there was any local activation of complement in the vicinity of a colonic cancer, and any fluctuation in the function of the complement system during operation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: One university and two district hospitals in Denmark. SUBJECTS: 29 selected patients undergoing emergency and elective operations for colonic cancer. INTERVENTIONS: Measurements of systemic and local complement fixation capacity and complement activation in samples of serum or plasma taken before, during, and after operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in complement fixation capacity and complement activation during operation. RESULTS: Haemodilution during operation caused a significant reduction in the complement fixation capacity of serum and in the activation of the complement system as measured by generation of C3c. We were unable to confirm the presence of complement inhibitors during operation. Haemodilution caused a 30% reduction in fixation capacity of C3b (12/29 samples of serum had values more than 2SD below the mean of the reference range compared with 4/29 before operation). The activity of C4 was reduced by 25% during operation and the capacity of the complement system to fix C3b and C4b was restored to baseline nine days postoperatively. Concentration of C3d was significantly higher in serum from tumour venous blood compared with that from peripheral blood during operation. CONCLUSION: The presence of complement activation products in the general circulation reflects local activation of the complement system in the vicinity of the tumour, but this may have been influenced by tissue necrosis or subclinical infection. Haemodilution causes a significant reduction in the capacity of the complement system during operation, whereas inhibitory factors associated with the cancer or operation and anaesthesia could not be demonstrated. We found no correlation between complement activity and clinical data.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Aspects of preanalytical variation of lactoferrin and elastase/alpha 1-protease inhibitor complexes.

A number of interesting applications of plasma elastase/alpha 1-protease inhibitor complexes (ELA-PI) and lactoferrin (LAC) have recently been suggested. However, the clinical utility of these components often seems to be low. This might be improved by minimizing the preanalytical variation, if possible. Therefore, we have evaluated the influence of various aspects of sampling and handling conditions on the results obtained when measuring ELA-PI and LAC. Blood samples from both healthy persons as well as patients, who had undergone laparotomy the day before, were investigated. We confirmed the previous observations of higher concentrations of ELA-PI and LAC in serum compared to plasma. This was more pronounced in patients than in healthy adults. In EDTA-blood the most important change was seen in samples from patients when stored at room temperature. In this situation increases of LAC concentrations of 50% and 100% following 2 and 5 h, respectively were found. This in vitro release of LAC was abolished when samples were stored on ice until centrifugation within 5 h. In contrast, a statistically significant increase in ELA-PI of 10% was observed following storage on ice for 2 h of blood specimens drawn from healthy persons. EDTA-plasma obtained by venous puncture following minimal stasis contained 10% higher concentrations of LAC compared to samples drawn from intravenous catheters, while no difference was observed in the case of ELA-PI. However, in one individual prolonged venous stasis resulted in larger differences of both LAC and ELA-PI. Different centrifugation conditions (1500 vs. 3000 x g; room temperature vs. 4 degrees C) did not influence concentrations of LAC or ELA-PI measured, neither did eating a normal meal nor moderate physical activity (30 min walk). In conclusion, ELA-PI and LAC should be measured in EDTA-plasma. Blood must be drawn by venous puncture applying minimal stasis or from indwelling venous catheters. Samples for measuring LAC must be stored on ice until centrifugation. Separation of plasma from cells should be performed as fast as possible, but storage for up to 5 h can be accepted.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1992

The influence of induced hyperglycaemia on the characteristics of intestinal motility and bile kinetics in healthy men.

Simultaneous recording of duodenal motility and biliary scintigraphy by continuous infusion of 99mTc-dimethyl-iminodiacetic acid was performed in 16 healthy fasted men, of whom eight had an intravenous glucose bolus injection immediately after the passage of a duodenal phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC). This was followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of glucose. Characteristics of the time-activity curves from the gallbladder area and intestinal area were related to phase activity of the duodenal MMC. The median duration of the entire MMC cycle was significantly shorter in the glucose group than in the group without glucose. The difference was caused by shortening of phase II. Spontaneous gallbladder emptying appeared in all eight subjects from the group without glucose but in only a single subject from the glucose group. The relative amount of liver bile diverted to the gallbladder in the entire cycle was significantly higher in the subjects who received glucose, and in four subjects all the hepatic bile was diverted to the gallbladder. The results demonstrate that induced hyperglycaemia exerts a pronounced effect on gastrointestinal motility and bile kinetics. Available evidence suggests that the effects are caused by a 'medical vagotomy'.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Postprandial gallbladder emptying is related to intestinal motility at the time of meal ingestion.

The characteristics of meal-induced gallbladder emptying in healthy individuals are subject to wide variation. We hypothesized that some of the observed variation might relate to ingestion of the meal during different phases of the migrating motor complex (MMC). Recording of gastrointestinal pressure was combined with scintigraphic recording of bile kinetics during infusion of 99mTc-HIDA. The material consisted of 12 healthy men. Group 1 (n = 6) had a fat-rich meal in phase I, and group 2 (n = 6) had the meal in a phase II. With the end of the meal ingestion as zero, the following results emerged. The subjects in group 1 had a median (range) lag period before beginning of gallbladder emptying of 13.5 (9.0-22.5) min. In group 2 gallbladder emptying began during the meal ingestion in four subjects, and the median lag period was 0 min (minimum, -9.0; maximum, 13.5 (p = 0.02)). The median percentage change of gallbladder counts during the observation period of 54 min in group 1 was 11.5% (from 19% filling to 25% emptying). The corresponding figures in group 2 were 41% (from 2% to 91% emptying (p less than 0.05)). This difference was due to the difference in duration of lag periods, as the emptying rates measured from the end of the lag periods were equal. In conclusion, the onset of postprandial gallbladder emptying relates to the phase activity of the MMC at the time of ingestion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effects of omeprazole on interdigestive motility and early postprandial levels of gastrin and secretin.

Ten healthy men participated in a crossover study, and the experiments took place after 10 days of treatment (40 mg omeprazole every morning). Blood samples were drawn at fixed intervals during a complete migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle. The manometric pressure tube was removed after passage of the second duodenal phase III, and an omelet (1400 KJ) tagged with 99mTc was ingested, followed by 150 ml of water tagged with 111In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Mean plasma gastrin (pmol/l) in phases I, II, and III in the omeprazole group was 18.8, 23.3, 19.9, respectively. The corresponding figures for the placebo group were 9.3, 9.6, 9.5, respectively. All mean values for the omeprazole group were significantly higher (p less than 0.01). Mean plasma gastrin in the omeprazole group was significantly higher in phase II than in phase I (p less than 0.05). Mean plasma secretin (pmol/l) in phases I, II, and III in the omeprazole group was 1.6, 1.4, 1.1, respectively. The corresponding figures for the placebo group were 2.0, 1.7, 2.2, respectively. Mean plasma secretin in the omeprazole group was significantly lower in phases I and III (p less than 0.05). The mean incremental integrated postprandial gastrin response (pmol.30 min/l) was significantly higher in the omeprazole group (475.0 versus 97.5) (p less than 0.05). The immediate postprandial mean value of secretin was significantly lower in the omeprazole group (p less than 0.05). We conclude that 40 mg omeprazole elicits i) a phase-related increase in fasting plasma gastrin, ii) a decrease in secretin in phases I and III, iii) an augmented meal-stimulated gastrin response, and iv) a secretin response characterized by a significantly lower mean in the immediate postprandial period.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Inguinal herniotomy by the Shouldice method. A follow-up study of 75 patients].

A material of 78 patients with a total of 85 inguinal hernias was submitted to herniotomy by Shouldice's method. Following a median of observation of 15 months (range 4-23 months), clinical examination of 75 patients revealed two recurrences of the hernias corresponding to 2.4% (95% confidence limits 0.3-8.2%). On discharge from hospital, rapid and complete return to normal activities was recommended, as a rule immediately after removal of the sutures. In seven out of the 45 occupationally active patients, it proved necessary to observe special considerations while, in the 38 remaining occupationally active patients, the duration of sick-leave median only 11 days (lower and upper quartiles, eight and 24 days, respectively) after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Short report: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole on characteristics of gastric emptying in healthy subjects.

The aim of the study was to investigate a possible effect of omeprazole on the characteristics of the gastric emptying of liquid and solid in healthy subjects. The study was performed as a double-blind crossover study and the gastric emptying studies were performed after 10 days of treatment with placebo or omeprazole 40 mg o.m. Omeprazole was without effect on the characteristics of liquid emptying or the lag phase of solid. It does, however, decrease the emptying rate of solid as the omeprazole group had a median half-time duration of the linear emptying period which had twice the duration of the corresponding figure in the placebo group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Scintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA in assessment of the postoperative course after traumatic lesions of the liver and biliary tract.

99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy was used as a diagnostic procedure in five children with liver and biliary tract injuries following blunt abdominal trauma. The method was used in patients after surgical intervention. The children fell into three groups. The first, focal reduction in activity with or without extravasation. The second, normal hepatic parenchymal phase with extravasation. The third, increased focal activity (biloma). We concluded that the use of 99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy supplies important information in the diagnostic work-up and informs about the proper time for removal of T-tube drainage. This method is also recommended preoperatively in children who are clinically stable and in whom trauma to the liver and biliary tract is suspected.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Cholecystokinin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide in relation to gallbladder dynamics and gastrointestinal interdigestive motility.

Using a combined technique of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gastrointestinal motility recordings, the changes in blood concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied in relation to gastrointestinal motility and gallbladder dynamics in the interdigestive state in 7 healthy male volunteers. No changes in CCK concentration were found in relation to the migrating motor complex (MMC). In 3 subjects a slightly but insignificant elevated secretin level was seen during phase I of the MMC, otherwise no changes were observed. More pronounced fluctuations in PP appeared with significantly higher values during phase III compared to phase II. Values of concentrations of CCK, secretin and PP in periods with gallbladder filling were not significantly different from the values in periods of emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postprandial gallbladder filling: relation to gastrointestinal motility.

A technique of combined hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gastrointestinal motility recordings was used to study the relationship between gallbladder dynamics and gastrointestinal motility recordings in the postprandial state in eight healthy male volunteers. In all, a fed-like motility pattern was observed after ingestion of a standard meal, and all activity from the HIDA-scintigraphy was diverted to the duodenum. Gallbladder radioactivity on the scintigram was not seen until 145-249 (median, 180) min after ingestion, except for two cases in which an early and transient activity was seen. Together with increasing gallbladder radioactivity characteristic changes in duodenal motility occurred. In five subjects a decrease in motility index was encountered with a motility curve resembling phase I of the interdigestive migrating motor complex. In one subject it was associated with the appearance of a phase-III complex, and in two subjects it occurred without any changes in motility index.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gastric emptying in adults treated for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

The gastric emptying rate was scintigraphically determined in 6 women and 26 men who had undergone medical or surgical treatment for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis a median of 29 years previously. Dyspeptic complaints were reported by four of the seven medically treated and nine of the 25 surgically treated group. No intergroup difference was demonstrated in the gastric emptying rate of liquid or solid food, and neither group differed significantly from the normal values. The gastric emptying rate, measured as in this study, thus was uninfluenced by treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The relationship between gallbladder dynamics and the migrating motor complex in fasting healthy subjects.

The relationship between gallbladder dynamics and the interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) was investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers by a hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gastroduodenal pressure recordings. Filling of the gallbladder commenced in late phase II or in phase III of the MMC and continued in a linear fashion during the following phase I. Simultaneously, an abrupt decrease in delivery of activity into the duodenum was encountered. Emptying of the gallbladder always occurred in phase II and lasted 14-46 min (median, 30 min). The transformation from filling to emptying of the gallbladder was closely related to changes from phase I to II on the motility curve.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influence of adjuvant irradiation on the development of late arm lymphedema and impaired shoulder mobility after mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast.

The influence of postoperative radiation therapy on development of late arm lymphedema and shoulder joint disability following mastectomy was evaluated from a series of 57 women with operable carcinoma of the breast. The patients were divided into three groups. Common for all three groups was mastectomy and partial axillary dissection. In addition one group received postoperative irradiation plus systemic therapy and another group systemic therapy alone. The incidence of late arm lymphedema/impaired shoulder mobility was 11%/4% in the group of patients undergoing surgery alone, 46%/38% in the group of patients receiving adjuvant irradiation and 6%/12% in the group of patients receiving adjuvant systemic therapy. It is concluded that adjuvant irradiation to the axilla in patients with metastatic lymph nodes highly increases the risk of late physical sequelae following modified radical mastectomy. Adjuvant systemic therapy can be administered to high risk patients without increasing the risk of late arm lymphedema and shoulder disability.

Adult↗