Biomedical subjects
N Raynes
Publications and source records attributed to N Raynes.
A cost function analysis of residential services for adults with a learning disability.
Successive UK governments have pursued a policy of community care for people with learning disabilities which, in the past ten years, has led to a marked change in the nature of residential provision. Research evidence on the costs and quality of alternative forms of community provision is inconclusive and contradictory. It is therefore timely to consider whether or not community residential facilities have delivered the expected quality of service at appropriate cost. The paper presents the results of a cost function analysis of a random stratified sample of staffed community facilities in England excluding London. Both costs and quality of care were found to vary greatly amongst community residential facilities. The most important factors explaining differences in cost were case-mix factors relating to client age, dependency and length of stay. Facility characteristics such as the type of building, the internal layout and the structural quality were not significant. Quality of service measures such as the extent to which care-regimes were client orientated and made use of local community services were positively and significantly associated with costs. Type of provider had no impact on costs independent of differences in case-mix and quality of care with the exception of the private for profit sector which appeared less expensive than other agencies. The shortcomings of the methods and implications of these findings for policy makers are discussed.
Providing a personal service in the Trent Region.
Reports evaluation of the Trent Regional Health Authority's "Providing a Personal Service" initiative, one of the first major quality management strategies in the NHS. The evaluation highlights the key elements which supported this initiative and suggests some ways in which its progress can be sustained. Many of the comments are applicable to other approaches to quality management.
The SSD's (social services department) management challenge.
Health services managers are used to organisational change, but social services departments have been addressing, and are still facing, major challenges associated with implementing the changes to community care provision. Norma Raynes gives a perspective on local authorities' culture and bureaucracy, which need to change if the community care revolution is to be sustained.
Resource management in community residential facilities for adults with learning disabilities.
The trend towards community living for people with learning disabilities puts pressure on traditional hierarchical lines of resource management. A sample of 150 community residential facilities is surveyed in order to describe the systems used to manage resources in the community and to assess the impact they have on the quality of service provided. There are marked differences amongst provider agencies in the degree to which responsibility for resource management is devolved to facility managers and this has a direct effect on the quality of care. Residential homes which operate under centralised management systems are more institutional in their care practices and less responsive to individual clients' needs. In contrast, homes in which responsibility is delegated to the facility manager provide a service more in keeping with current philosophies of care. The results of this survey suggest that more responsibility for resource management can be delegated to facility managers without losing control of expenditure and with improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of care.
Keep up the small talk.
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Attitudes to clients with mental handicap.
The increase in community care provision for people with a mental handicap makes an understanding of the attitudes and motivations of staff caring for them an urgent priority. Norma Raynes and colleagues describe a Department of Health-sponsored study which investigated the quality of care delivered in four key sectors of community residential care. Their findings reveal the positive attitudes of staff in all four settings and suggest that local authorities have a potential source of highly motivated recruits among those working in the health, voluntary and private sectors.