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Biomedical subjects

N Reeves

Publications and source records attributed to N Reeves.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Myotendinous alterations and effects of resistive loading in old age.

The loss of muscle mass associated with ageing only partly explains the observed decline in muscle strength. This paper provides evidence of the contribution of muscular, tendinous and neural alterations to muscle weakness in old age and discusses the complex interplay between the changes of the contractile tissue with those of the tendinous tissue in relation to the mechanical behavior of the muscle as a whole. Despite the considerable structural and functional alterations, the elderly musculoskeletal system displays remarkable adaptability to training in old age and many of these adverse effects may be substantially mitigated, if not reversed, by resistive loading. The interplay between these muscular and tendinous adaptations has an impact both on the length-force and force-velocity relationships of the muscle and is likely to affect the range of motion, rate of force development, maximum force development and speed of movement of the older individual.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and melphalan in experimental tumors.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether application of "early" photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a disulphonated aluminium phthallocyanine photosensitizer can potentiate the action of melphalan in experimental RIF-1 tumors in vivo. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Tumors were irradiated with laser light of wavelength 675 nm 60 min after treatment with the photosensitizer and 15 min after melphalan. Melphalan pharmacokinetics were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with optical detection. RESULTS: Melphalan and PDT when given alone, caused a significant delay in tumor growth. This was increased for the combined treatment. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that levels of free, unreacted melphalan in freely circulating blood are unaffected by combined treatment. However, significant differences in tumor levels were observed between treatment with melphalan alone or in combination. Whereas in the former, melphalan is still present in tumors after 2 h, it was not detectable even at the earliest time of 15-23 min for the combined treatment. CONCLUSION: The antitumor effects were additive with no evidence of significant potentiation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatigue in early pregnancy. An exploratory study.

The experience of fatigue in early pregnancy was studied, using a general model of fatigue as the conceptual framework. A convenience sample of 30 women, age 20-35 years, who were at less than 20 weeks' gestation and without health problems were included in the study. Physiologic, psychological, and environmental factors were measured and related to the occurrence and intensity of fatigue. Pearson correlations and content analysis were used to analyze the data. Results showed that a large portion of the sample (90%) experienced fatigue and that this fatigue had a significant impact on their ability to maintain personal and social activities. Significant correlations were observed between fatigue and the physiologic variables of nausea and feeling tired upon awakening from sleep. There was no significant relationship between fatigue and environmental variables such as number of hours worked or the number of children living in the home. In addition, significant correlations were observed between fatigue and psychological variables that included depression, anger, anxiety, and confusion. These data suggest that fatigue is a significant problem for pregnant women and is not relieved by rest. These data further suggest that the fatigue may be related to other physiologic changes, perhaps hormonal, that mediate physiologic and psychological variables, including fatigue.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone adaptation to altered loading after spinal cord injury: a study of bone and muscle strength.

Bone loss from the paralysed limbs after spinal cord injury (SCI) is well documented. Under physiological conditions, bones are adapted to forces which mainly emerge from muscle pull. After spinal cord injury (SCI), muscles can no longer contract voluntarily and are merely activated during spasms. Based on the Ashworth scale, previous research has suggested that these spasms may mitigate bone losses. We therefore wished to assess muscle forces after SCI with a more direct measure and compare it to measures of bone strength. We hypothesized that the bones in SCI patients would be in relation to the loss of muscle forces. Six male patients with SCI 6.4 (SD 4.3) years earlier and 6 age-matched, able-bodied control subjects were investigated. Bone scans from the right knee were obtained by pQCT. The knee extensor muscles were electrically stimulated via the femoral nerve, isometric knee extension torque was measured and patellar tendon force was estimated. Tendon force upon electrical stimulation in the SCI group was 75% lower than in the control subjects (p<0.01). Volumetric bone mineral density of the patella and of the proximal tibia epiphysis were 50% lower in the SCI group than in the control subjects (p<0.01). Cortical area was lower by 43% in the SCI patients at the proximal tibia metaphysis, and by 33% at the distal femur metaphysis. No group differences were found in volumetric cortical density. Close curvilinear relationships were found between stress and volumetric density for the tibia epiphysis (r(2)=0.90) and for the patella (r(2)=0.91). A weaker correlation with the tendon force was found for the cortical area of the proximal tibia metaphysis (r(2)=0.63), and none for the distal femur metaphysis. These data suggest that, under steady state conditions after SCI, epiphyseal bones are well adapted to the muscular forces. For the metaphysis of the long bones, such an adaptation appears to be less evident. The reason for this remains unclear.

Adult↗