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Biomedical subjects

N Rehan

Publications and source records attributed to N Rehan.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning in Hausa women.

A KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) survey was conducted among 500 fertile Hausa women of northern Nigeria aged 15-44 years to test their understanding about family planning and reproductive biology. Three hundred and fifty-six women (71.2%) were still not satisfied with their family size and only 185 women (37%) were interested to seek any advice on child-spacing. Only 26 women (5.2%) knew about contraception. Although 62% of currently menstruating women were able to recall the exact date of their last menstrual period and its duration, none of the women was able to tell about 'safe period'. The objections to family planning were based on personal rather than religious grounds and predominant factor affecting the attitudes towards family planning was education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Growth status of children with and without sickle cell trait.

Because of the suggestions that children with sickle cell trait (Hb/AS) are smaller and lighter, the anthropometric measurements of 50 such children from polygamous families were compared with a matched group of 50 children with normal hemoglobin (Hb/AA) who were offspring of the same fathers and were living under identical conditions. This technique was adopted in minimize the effects of heredity and nutrition. When these hereditary and nutritional effects were excluded there were no significant differences between the anthropometric measurements of the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Multiple births in Hausa women.

The incidence of multiple births was studied using the maternity records of 5750 Hausa women living in the savannah zone of Nigeria. There were 40 twins and 2 triplets/1000 births. Twenty six per cent of twins were monozygous. The incidence of multiple births, which was about five times higher than that observed in any western population, was significantly lower than that of other ethnic groups, who live in the hot and humid climate of the southern pat of country. The incidence of multiple births was related to maternal age but did not bear any association to the climate or prevalence of malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The semen of fertile men: statistical analysis of 1300 men.

The prevasectomy semen analyses of 1300 men who had fathered at least two children were studied. The ages of the men ranged from 23 to 64 years, with a mean age of 39.6 years; 84% of the men were Caucasian, 5% were black, and 5% were of other ethnic groups; 32% of the men were Roman Catholic, 26% Jewish, 22% Protestant, and 11% professed no religion; in 9% religion was not recorded. The number of children ranged from 2 (48%) and 3 (30.6%) to 10 (0.1%). The volume of the ejaculate ranged from 0.1 to 11.0 ml, with a mean of 3.2 ml plus or minus 1.4 SD. Sperm density ranged from 1.5 to 375 million/ml, with an arithmetic mean of 79 million/ml plus or minus 57 SD; however, the logarithmic or geometric mean was chosen as being more representative of the asymmetric distribution under study. The geometric mean was 65 million/ml, with standard deviation limits of 30 to 142 million/ml, figures that correspond to the 16th and 84th percentiles. The percentage of motile sperm ranged from 5 to 95%, with a mean of 65% plus or minus 22 SD. The grade of sperm motility, according to MacLeod and Gold's classification (Fertil Steril 2:187, 1951) of 0 to 4, ranged from 1 to 4, with a mean grade of 3. There were 25 men (2%) with a sperm count below 10 million/ml and 26 (2%) in whom the percentage of motile sperm was less than 20%. Polyzoospermy (count greater than 250 million/ml) was found in 15 men (1.2%); one or more spontaneous abortions had occurred in six of the spouses of these men (40%), whereas the over-all spontaneous abortion rate was 7% and the spontaneous abortion rate for wives of men with sperm counts below 10 million/ml was 4%. A positive relationship was found between sperm density and percentage of motile sperm; the relationship between motility and the logarithm of sperm density was represented by a straight line (a 10-fold increase in sperm count was accompanied by an increase of 20.4% in sperm motility); the slope of the line was highly significant, although the correlation coefficient was weak (0.27). A similarly positive relationship was found between sperm density and grade of motility; however, the correlation coefficient was also weak (0.22). The relationship between the grade of motility and the proportion of motile sperm also positive, was reasonably large (0.70), although its significance is questionable because of the crudeness of the scale utilized to assess the grade of sperm motility. A comparison of the findings with those of similar studies was made.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prognostic significance of tumor volume in osteosarcoma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy].

In a retrospective analysis on 128 patients from the trials COSS-80, -82, -85 and -86 initial x-ray pictures were evaluated for tumor diameters in three planes and the prognostic meaning on survival was assessed. In a subset of patients (n = 27) the measured values were compared to values obtained by CT-Scan and a good correlation (r = 0.69) was found. Several parameters for tumor size were defined: absolute tumor length (ATL), relative tumor length (RTL, proportion of tumor to the length of the involved bone), absolute tumor volume (ATV, calculated by the ellipsoid formula) and relative tumor volume (RTL, tumor volume referred to the body surface area) and univariate and multivariate survival analysis were performed. Univariate analysis of metastasis free survival (MFS) revealed a high prognostic significance of the ATL, the ATV and the RTV. The RTL in this patient group demonstrated a tendency only toward an inferior prognosis in larger tumors. None of the patients with a ATV < 70 ml (n = 19) and only one of 33 patients with an ATV < 100 ml relapsed. Cox regression analysis was performed including the variables age, sex, site and response (> 90% tumor necrosis) in 84 patients. ATL and RTL do not enter the model, while the response proves its significance as a valid prognostic factor with a p-value of 0.0004. Adding the ATV as the measure of tumor size to the model it enters as the first term (p = 0.0000) followed by the response (p = 0.0002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age, pattern and symptoms of menopause among rural women of Lahore.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence and timing of reproduction-related events such as menarche, first birth and menopause play major roles in a woman's life. The age at final natural menstrual period is an important risk indicator for subsequent morbidity and mortality. However, the age of natural menopause and frequency of various menopausal symptoms differ in different societies. The concept of "local biologies" has been put forward to account for such inter-societal and intrasocietal differences. The present study was undertaken to explore the age at menopause and symptom complex associated with menopause. METHODS: The data for this cross-sectional study were collected from a geographically defined rural population of 28,419 individuals living in 20 villages situated about 30 KM outside Lahore. A systematic random sample of 130 women was drawn from those 1337 women, who had reached natural menopause. In-depth interviews were conducted in local dialect. RESULTS: The mean age at menopause was 49 +/- 3.6 years; the median being 50 years. The majority of women (22.3%) reached menopause at 50 years followed by 13.9%, who became menopausal at 49 years. In 66.2% cases, the onset of menopause was sudden. Among those, who had a gradual transition, the duration of climacteric ranged from 2 to 30 months. The symptoms associated with menopause were lethargy (65.4%), forgetfulness (57.7%), urinary symptoms (56.2%), agitation (50.8%), depression (38.5%), insomnia (38.5%) hot flushes (36.2%) and dysparunea (16.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The median age of menopause in our study is lower than that reported for Caucasian, Thai and Malaysian women; similar to figures from Africa and South America; but higher than that reported from Iran, Egypt, Turkey and UAE. The frequency of various symptoms was comparatively lower than observed among Caucasian populations. The data highlights the need for studying 'local biologies' and understanding the social and cultural basis of these differences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Profile of men suffering from sexually transmitted infections in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: To evolve effective prevention and efficient treatment strategies for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a country, comprehensive understanding of the prevalent STI and their modes of transmission is needed. The aim of this present study was to generate such data for Pakistan. METHOD: The study was conducted between June 1999 and September 1999 in four provincial capitals. In each city, data were collected from one or more teaching hospitals and a number of general practitioners. During this period, 465 men suffering from STIs were interviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of study population was 31.9 +/- 8.6 years, 60% were married, 58.3% urbanites, 81.7% living with their families and 83.3% smokers. Only 10.5% were drug addicts. Out of 465 cases, 27.5% cases had gonorrhoea, 31.6% syphilis, 17.2% chancroid, 18.3% herpes, 5.2% chlamydial infections while only one case (0.2%) was HIV positive. Most men (55%) acquired the infection heterosexually, 11.6% through homosexuality, 18.4% through bisexual relations and 2 men (0.5%) reported bestiality. Among 78.1% of those contracting the infection heterosexually, the source of infection was a sex worker. None acquired infection through his wife. The knowledge about STIs was very poor. Wrong notions were prevalent. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of STIs is different from developed countries. Those acquiring STIs in Pakistan were older, married and living with their families whereas in developed countries most men acquiring STIs are younger, unmarried and living alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency of retinopathy among diabetics admitted in a teaching hospital of Lahore.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina and leads to blindness. Although 4-8 million diabetics exist in Pakistan, very little work has been done on this complication of diabetes. The present study was undertaken to estimate the frequency of retinopathy among diabetics admitted in a teaching hospital of Lahore. METHODS: Every patient of diabetes mellitus, admitted in departments of Medicine, Surgery, Ophthalmology and Obstetrics & Gynecology at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore between June 2001 and September 2001 was included in the study. After adequate mydriasis, detailed fundus examination using indirect ophthalmoscope was carried out to determine the presence of diabetic retinopathy and its type. RESULTS: Out of 4414 admissions, 540 patients--340 females and 196 males were diabetics. Among 540 diabetics, 132 had Type-1 diabetes (24.4%) while 408 had Type-2 diabetes (75.6%). The duration of diabetes ranged from 10 to 12 years. The prevalence of diabetes among admitted patents was 12.2%. Among these 540 diabetics, 180 had diabetic retinopathy showing a prevalence of 33.3%. Non-proliferative retinopathy was present in 21.5% diabetics and proliferative retinopathy among 11.8% diabetics. The prevalence of retinopathy was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among males (42.8%) as compared to females (27.9%). The prevalence was similar (33.3%) among both Type-1 as well as Type-2 diabetes as well as similar to that reported from other countries. CONCLUSION: Since 33.3% of our diabetic population is suffering from retinopathy--a condition amenable to timely and cost-effective treatment, every diabetic should be made aware of the importance of regular ophthalmologic examination.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗