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Biomedical subjects

N Retterstøl

Publications and source records attributed to N Retterstøl.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Delusional psychoses associated with unpatriotic conduct during World War II: a long-term follow-up study.

Of a large sample of patients with paranoid psychoses consecutively admitted to the Psychiatric Department, University of Oslo, during a period after World War II, 10 patients (6.3%, 9 women and 1 man) became ill through accusations of unpatriotic conduct during the war. The psychosis seemed precipitated in connection with legal procedures against the patient in 3 cases, and against close relatives in 2 patients. In 2 cases mixed precipitating events were present, while the psychosis in 3 cases had a connection with the woman being intimate with occupation soldiers. Discharge diagnosis according to DSM-III was schizophrenia (n = 2), schizophreniform disorder (n = 4), schizoaffective disorder (n = 1), major depressive disorder (n = 1), mania (n = 1), and atypical psychosis (n = 1). The patients have been followed up twice, with a mean 31 years of observation. Course and outcome varied, mostly according to the diagnosis. Most patients had a favorable global outcome, although they had a tendency to keep up their social isolation. None of the patients felt they had done anything wrong or regretted their behavior during the war.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fatherhood, impending or newly established, precipitating delusional disorders. Long-term course and outcome.

Psychopathological reactions to fatherhood are probably not so infrequent as they would seem from psychiatric literature. In a material of paranoid psychoses, impending or newly established fatherhood was considered the main precipitating factor in 4 patients (i.e. 2.4%), compared with 7% of the female psychoses precipitated by pregnancy, childbirth or nursing. Two of the men were bachelors, insecure and inhibited, feeling compromised or helpless in the new situation. Two men were married, passive, avoidant in their personality, strongly dependent on their wives. The course and outcome varied according to the diagnoses; 2 cases having a favorable and 2 an unfavorable course and outcome. Physicians, including psychiatrists, should bear in mind that fatherhood is a possible precipitating factor for paranoid psychoses in male patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Course and outcome in paranoid disorders.

All consecutively admitted patients suffering from paranoid psychoses and admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, during two defined periods (1946-1948 and 1958-1961) have been personally followed up by the author after 5-18 years and by Stein Opjordsmoen after 22-39 years. After the first follow-up period 65% were without psychotic symptoms, after the last period 44%. According to Scandinavian diagnostic tradition, there is a gradual shift from very good clinical and social outcome for patients with reactive psychoses to very poor outcome for schizophrenics, patients with schizophreniform psychoses being in between. According to the DSM-III system, patients with affective and schizoaffective psychoses score best, followed by those with paranoid and schizophreniform disorders. Those with schizophrenia score worst. Course and outcome are primarily dependent on the diagnostic category, not the type of delusion. Of the patients with Kraepelin's paranoia, about one-third were without psychotic symptoms at last follow-up.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1991

Erotomania--erotic self-reference psychosis in old maids. A long-term follow-up.

The concept of erotomania is discussed and the literature surveyed. The aim of the study is to present a long-term personal follow-up evaluation of cases with erotomania-like symptoms. In a material of 1,802 consecutively admitted patients, 6 (0.3%) presented symptoms suggestive of erotomania. They have been personally followed up 2 or 3 times by the authors over a period of 22-35 years. Our sample was characterized by avoidant and/or paranoid premorbid personality traits with difficulties in establishing relationships, and life-long social isolation. However, the overall clinical outcome was not hopeless. Neuroleptics may be of benefit, and our findings indicate the need for psychosocial treatment to increase the life quality in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Norwegian data on death due to overdose of antidepressants.

The number of suicides in Norway has doubled during the last two decades, as has also the number of suicides by intoxication. Data are presented which demonstrate that while barbiturates make out a strongly decreasing percentage of the intoxications, the antidepressants make out a definite increasing percentage. The tricyclic antidepressants make out the bulk. There is a strong need for effective antidepressants with less toxicity than the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Not Available].

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History, Ancient↗
PubMed1987

Present state of reactive psychoses in Scandinavia.

The diagnosis of reactive psychosis is more commonly used in Denmark and Norway, where 50 and 40%, respectively, of first-admitted patients with functional psychoses will be diagnosed as having a reactive psychosis. The predictive validity of the concept is discussed. The concept has to be better operationalized and limited in the future.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1987

Hypochondriacal delusions in paranoid psychoses. Course and outcome compared with other types of delusions.

From a large series of patients with delusional psychoses, first-time admitted to the Psychiatric Department, University of Oslo, hypochondriacal delusions were coded as the main delusion in 15 patients (0.4% of all admissions). These patients have been personally followed up by one of the authors (N.R.) after 5-18 years, and by the other author (S.O.) after 23-39 years (mean 30 years). The results are presented, also according to the newer diagnostic systems (DSM-III, DSM-III-R), and the course and outcome of hypochondriacal delusions are compared with those of other types of delusions. Course and outcome are mainly dependent on the diagnostic category, not the type of delusion. It is also demonstrated that the course and outcome in major affective disorders are more favourable than in paranoid disorders, with the latter being significantly different from schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Classification of functional psychoses with special reference to follow-up studies.

The classification of functional psychoses is still a controversial issue, as are also diagnoses in psychiatry. The predictive validity of the diagnosis is of crucial importance. Diagnostic systems are discussed. The author presents the Scandinavian concept of reactive psychoses, schizophreniform psychoses and schizophrenia, and demonstrates from his own material on paranoid psychoses the predictive value of these concepts, with a percentage recovery of 81, 61 and 23% after long-term follow-up. The concepts are discussed in relation to ICD-9 and DSM-III. The concepts of paranoid disorders, affective disorders and borderline conditions are mentioned. The paper also introduces other papers to be presented in this volume.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1985

Methodological problems in follow-up studies of paranoid psychoses.

301 first-admitted hospitalized patients with paranoid psychoses have been studied by Retterstøl over a period of 5-18 years. Common Scandinavian diagnostic procedures were used. About 200 are still alive, and these subjects are at present being interviewed semistructurally by Opjordsmoen using a modification of SADS-L, and making a total follow-up period of 22-37 years. The diagnoses are confirmed according to ICD-9, RDC, DSM-III and some specific groups of delusional disorders (DD) operationalized by Winokur and Kendler. All interviews have been carried out non-blind to the diagnoses which will make a bias possible. However, in paranoid cases, it is an advantage for establishing contact and a conductive atmosphere to know something about the patient beforehand. Based upon our own experiences and reviewing the literature, we point to some important methodological aspects regarding follow-up studies in delusional persons. The suspiciousness, misinterpretation, dissimulation, rationalization and convincing argumentation seen in many paranoid cases, call for a skilled investigator and a clinical approach. However, operational criteria, new diagnostic concepts and standard procedures for follow-up interviewing and outcome assessments will make comparison for international readers easier.

Delusions↗
PubMed1983

Course of paranoid psychoses in relation to diagnostic grouping.

The author stresses the importance of diagnosis in psychiatry and gives a short presentation of the Scandinavian concepts of reactive psychoses and schizophreniform psychoses. On the basis of his own personal follow-up investigations on 301 consecutively admitted patients to the University Psychiatric Clinic in Oslo, followed up through 5-18 years, he concludes that the schizophreniform (schizo-affective) psychosis also in prognostic respects is a group in between. Of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of reactive psychosis, 81% had a favourable course compared to 61% of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of psychosis e genere incerto (Langfeldt's schizophreniform psychoses) and only 23% of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Adjustment Disorders↗