PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Rice

Publications and source records attributed to N Rice.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

DNA sequence relationship of the baboon endogenous virus genome to the genomes of other type C and type D retroviruses.

Baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) is a type C retrovirus present in multiple proviral copies in the DNA of baboons. Although interspecies antigenic determinants present on reverse transcriptase and gag proteins are shared among all mammalian type C viruses, no nucleic acid homology between BaEV and other type C viruses (except RD-114) has been found in conventional liquid hybridization experiments. In this study, we used restriction fragments of cloned BaEV DNA immobilized on nitrocellulose to test for relatedness with [(32)P]cDNA's of various type C and type D viruses. We detected the following distant relationships previously found only through immunological and protein sequencing techniques: (i) eight type C viral cDNA's (the endogenous virus of rhesus monkeys, feline leukemia virus, simian sarcoma virus, gibbon ape leukemia virus, Rauscher murine leukemia virus, BALB-2, NZB, and RD-114) and two type D viral cDNA's (Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and squirrel monkey retrovirus) were able to hybridize with cloned BaEV DNA; (ii) the eight type C probes hybridized to restriction fragments spanning most of the BaEV genome, but only RD-114 hybridized to fragments within the 1.9 kilobases at the 3' end of the genome; (iii) the two type D probes hybridized primarily to fragments within the 1.9 kilobases at the 3' terminus and weakly or not at all elsewhere; and (iv) [(32)P]cDNA's of several other oncornaviruses (mouse mammary tumor virus, equine infectious anemia virus, bovine leukemia virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus) exhibited no homology with BaEV DNA. DNA sequence analysis has allowed us to orient the BaEV restriction map with the genetic map at both ends of the genome. Homologies between retroviral cDNA's and BaEV clone restriction fragments could thus be related to specific BaEV genes. Whereas type C cDNA's hybridized to fragments from gag, pol, and the pol-env junction, squirrel monkey retrovirus cDNA hybridized only to a fragment coding for the p15E portion of env. Mason-Pfizer monkey virus cDNA also hybridized within the p15E region, but exhibited homology to the 3' half of gp70 as well. These results are discussed relative to previously reported antigenic relatedness of retroviral proteins. The data suggest that BaEV represents an important link in oncornavirus evolution.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1982

In situ hybridization: general infectivity assay for retroviruses.

We have devised a general infectivity assay for retroviruses. A virus-specific [32P]DNA probe is hybridized in situ to a monolayer culture, and foci of infected cells in the monolayer are detected by exposure of the hybridized culture to X-ray films. The method is quantitative, in that it gives the same titer for Moloney murine leukemia virus as does the standard UV-XC test. The specificity of the assay is indicated by the fact that murine leukemia virus and baboon endogenous virus do not cross hybridize under the conditions used. The assay is completed within 1 to 3 weeks and should be broadly applicable for retroviruses which replicate without altering cellular morphology: its use is demonstrated with mouse mammary tumor virus and the helper virus of the reticuloendotheliosis complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Reflections on prenatal diagnosis: the consumers' views.

Twenty-three couples and three women who had amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of birth defects were interviewed for their responses to the process. While very positive toward the test and the information it provided, the subjects indicated significant stress while awaiting the results of the test and in facing the possibility that they might have to consider abortion if the test was positive for the defect. There was also potential for future marital conflict because of differing or erroneous interpretations of risk of abnormality in future pregnancies. Implications for genetic counselors and social work are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Baboon endogenous virus genome. I. Restriction enzyme map of the unintegrated DNA genome of a primate retrovirus.

A detailed restriction map was deduced for the genome of an endogenous retrovirus of a higher primate, that of baboon. The cleavage sites for 12 restriction enzymes were mapped. The unintegrated linear viral DNA intermediate that is produced by infection of permissive cells with baboon endogenous virus was isolated. Hybridization with a strong-stop complementary DNA probe demonstrated presence of a terminal repetition in the linear viral DNA. The positions of restriction sites for two particular enzymes, SmaI and XhoI, near each end were consistent with this result and indicated that the length of the repetition is 0.55 +/- 0.01 kilobase. The linear viral DNA had a unique restriction map indicating that it is not a set of random circular permutations of the RNA genome. From hybridization with a 3'-specific probe, the DNA restriction map was aligned relative to the 5'-to-3' orientation of the viral RNA. We observed a minor heterogeneity in a BamHI recognition site 1.95 kilobases from the right end of the linear map.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Search for infective mammalian type-C virus-related genes in the DNA of human sarcomas and leukemias.

DNA was extracted from two human sarcoma cell lines, TE-32 and TE-418, and the leukemic cells from five children with acute myelocytic leukemia, three children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and four adults with acute myelocytic leukemia. The DNAs, assayed for infectivity by transfection techniques, induced no measurable virus by methods which would detect known mammalian C-type antigens or RNA-directed DNA polymerase in TE-32, D-17 dog cells and other indicator cells, nor did they recombine with or rescue endogenous human or exogenous murine or baboon type-C virus. Model systems used as controls were human sarcoma cells, TE-32 and HT-1080, and human lymphoma cells TE-543, experimentally infected with KiMuLV, GaLV or baboon type-C virus, all of which released infectious virus and whose DNAs were infectious for TE-32 and D-17 dog cells. Other model systems included two baboon placentas and one embryonic cell strain spontaneously releasing infectious endogenous baboon virus and yielding DNAs infectious for D-17 dog cells but not for TE-32 cells. Four other baboon embryonic tissues and two embryonic cell strains, releasing either low levels of virus or no virus, did not yield infectious DNA.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The high-performance liquid-chromatographic analysis of ficaprenol and dolichol.

A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method was devised which is capable of resolving the p-nitrobenzoyl derivatives of polyprenols containing 35-110 or more carbon atoms. This procedure was used for the determination of ficaprenol and pig liver dolichol composition and can be applied to mixtures of polyprenols as an analytical or preparative technique.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multilevel models and health economics.

Multilevel analyses have become an accepted statistical technique in the field of education where over the past decade or so the methods have been developed to explore the relationships between pupil characteristics and the characteristics of the schools they attend. More recently, widespread use has extended to other social sciences and health research. However, to date, little use has been made of these techniques within the health economics literature. This paper presents an introductory account of multilevel models and describes some of the areas of health economics research that may benefit from their use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of nursing grade on the quality and outcome of nursing care.

The large industry which has grown up around the estimation of nursing requirements for a ward or for a hospital takes little account of variations in nursing skill; meanwhile nursing researchers tend to concentrate on the appropriate organisation of the nursing process to deliver best quality care. This paper, drawing on a Department of Health funded study, analyses the relation between skill mix of a group of nurses and the quality of care provided. Detailed data was collected on 15 wards at 7 sites on both the quality and outcome of care delivered by nurses of different grades, which allowed for analysis at several levels from a specific nurse-patient interaction to the shift sessions. The analysis shows a strong grade effect at the lowest level which is 'diluted' at each succeeding level of aggregation; there is also a strong ward effect at each of the lower levels of aggregation. The conclusion is simple; you pay for quality care.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social-work services in an emergency department: an integral part of the health care safety net.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify and describe the activities of social workers dedicated to a large urban emergency department (ED). METHODS: A retrospective case series of all patients seen by social workers in an urban university hospital ED over a period of six weeks. RESULTS: Social- work service was provided to 5% of ED patients. Three distinct groups of patients were usually seen by social workers: the elderly, young adults, and children less than 5 years of age. The median age of the group referred for social work services was greater than that of the ED population as a whole; triage acuity also was greater in the referred group. The types of services provided varied with age. Among those patients with social-work consultations, the average time spent with each patient was over one hour and did not vary according to the age, sex, race, or insurance status of the patient. More than 60% of the social worker's time was spent with patients or their significant others. CONCLUSION: Social workers provide valuable services to ED patients. The availability of social workers in the ED reduces the demands for emergency physicians and nurses to arrange home health care, nursing home placement, and other social-service functions. Cost savings through diversion of nonacute social admissions are possible. The types of services provided vary and depend to a large extent on patient age. The availability of dedicated social-work personnel in the ED and the education of emergency personnel regarding the services that they can provide should be beneficial for patients, staff, and the hospital served.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family counselors in a pediatric specialty clinic setting.

Numerous studies point up the psychosocial needs of chronically ill children, as well as the fragmentation or lack of services to meet these needs. Following an earlier study demonstrating the effectiveness of nonprofessional family counselors in improving the self-concept of children with chronic illness, this project placed five counselors in the pediatric specialty clinics of a teaching hospital. They were well accepted by all professional staff, and they provided a variety of services for families, improved communication among and coordination of care givers, and felt satisfaction in this role. This program provided an important expansion of social work services at low cost.

Adult↗