Anomalous aortic arch anatomy: three dimensional visualisation with multislice computed tomography.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
N Ring
Publications and source records attributed to N Ring.
Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: the ontogeny of EE during an 18-month follow-up.
Key relatives of 30 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly with a diagnosis of schizophrenia) were interviewed (for a second time) 18 months after participating in an initial assessment of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up throughout the interim period, during which time 17 experienced a psychotic relapse. Although there continued to be a negligible association between initial EE rating (established during the index admission) and relapse, a significant association between EE rating at 18 months and psychiatric status of the patient during the follow-up period emerged. Results are discussed in the context of recent interactional theories of the relationship between household EE and psychiatric morbidity.
Adult↗
Expressed emotion and early onset schizophrenia: a one year follow-up.
Key relatives of 33 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly schizophrenics) were interviewed to determine household levels of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up for 12 months from index admission, during which time 13 (39%) experienced psychotic relapse. There was no association between relapse rate and household EE, but correlations between individual components of EE and pre-morbid measures suggest that level of criticism may be related to less acute onset of index episode, greater elapsed time since first signs of illness, and poor adjustment in the realm of work/study. The results are discussed in the context of continuing uncertainties about the precise nature of the relationship between EE and relapse.
Adult↗
Gender differences in the incidence of definite schizophrenia and atypical psychosis--focus on negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
In a catchment area study of 101 first inceptions of schizophrenia, mania and atypical psychoses, women were significantly more likely to have atypical psychosis and men were more likely to have definite schizophrenia. Negative symptoms such as affective flattening and poverty of speech were already present in many cases, and were significantly increased in patients with definite schizophrenia (geometric mean 5.6) compared with those with atypical psychosis (geometric mean 3.2) and mania (geometric mean 1.5). Negative symptoms were also twice as severe in men (geometric mean 5.5) than women (geometric mean 2.6). There was a significant increase in negative symptom severity with longer illness and greater depression, but the diagnosis and the sex effects were not caused by these factors. We suggest that our findings are further support for the hypothesis that men have a greater biological vulnerability to negative symptoms and consequent social disability in the face of psychosis, particularly a schizophrenic psychosis, and that this may be one explanation for the apparently greater risk of definite schizophrenia and its poorer prognosis in men.
Adult↗
Negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Relationship to duration of illness.
The frequency and distribution of negative symptoms in a sample of 40 patients admitted to hospital with RDC-definite schizophrenia were examined. There was a highly significant positive correlation between negative symptom scores obtained using three different rating scales, but the presence of negative symptoms was not significantly related to duration of illness or number of episodes of illness. These findings do not support a model of negative symptoms being the consequence of schizophrenic relapse, but are in favour of their being an integral component of the schizophrenic syndrome, as salient in the first as in later episodes.
Adolescent↗
The incidence of negative symptoms in early schizophrenia, mania and other psychoses.
Despite increasing interest in negative symptoms in schizophrenia there has been little work on their incidence in early schizophrenia or in other psychoses. This study examined 79 nondepressive psychotics within 2 years of onset of illness, diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria and assessed for negative symptoms using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Marked negative symptoms were observed in nearly half of patients diagnosed as suffering definite schizophrenia and were rarely found in other psychoses. Negative symptoms were not significantly correlated with positive symptoms, depression or exposure to neuroleptics, but were correlated with developing extrapyramidal side effects.
Adult↗
Long term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis with and without dietary gluten withdrawal.
Seventy-eight patients with dermatitis herpetiformis have been followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 14 years (mean 7.4). Forty-two patients were treated with gluten-free diet (GFD) and thirty-six took a normal diet (ND). Thirty of the forty-two (71%) taking the GFD were able to discontinue drugs previously needed to control their rash compared with five (14%) of the thirty-six patients taking a ND. The mean time taken to reduce drug requirements for patients taking a GFD was 8 months (range 4-30), and for stopping drugs, 29 months (range 6-108). The incidence of macroscopic abnormality of the small intestine decreased from 69 to 15%, and the mean intra-epithelial lymphocyte count decreased significantly in those patients taking a GFD, whereas there was no significant change in patients taking a ND. The improvement in the skin and intestinal lesions was related to the strictness of the GFD.
Adolescent↗
Ultrastructural localization of IgA deposits in adult linear IgA disease.
Two cases of adult linear IgA disease are reported. They demonstrate the two sites of deposition of IgA at an ultrastructural level: sub-basal lamina and lamina lucida. This finding supports the view that there are subgroups of this disease. Clinical presentation and histological appearance of lesional skin are misleading, and the immunofluorescent appearance is unhelpful in predicting the ultrastructural localization of the IgA deposit.
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