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Biomedical subjects

N Rossing

Publications and source records attributed to N Rossing.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bone metastases in primary operable breast cancer. The role of serial scintigraphy.

In 1978 and 1979, 1060 Danish patients with primary operable breast cancer were bone-scanned for osseous metastases before entering a nationwide therapeutical trial. A re-reading group interpreted the scans produced in 12 participating hospitals. As a consequence standardized guide-lines for interpretation were agreed upon from 1979. The frequency of positive bone scans suggesting bone metastases fell abruptly from 1978 to 1979, as read both locally and by the re-reading group. As measured statistically the difference between the interpretation of the local and the re-reading groups remained unchanged. Of the 1060 patients 760 were followed by repeated pre-scheduled scans 6 and 12 months after surgery until any kind of recurrence was diagnosed. Only 37 of the 760 patients (4.9%) developed bone metastases verified by radiology or autopsy during the first 2 yr after surgery. A single positive scan, especially performed 6 or 12 months after surgery, as well as two or three scans repeatedly staying or becoming positive increase significantly the risk of developing bone metastases within 12 months after the latest scan. In 13 of the 37 patients with otherwise subsequently proven bone metastases the latest scan(s) were negative. It is concluded that a fixed schedule of repeated bone scans in patients with breast cancer is not warranted.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects after phototherapy.

The serum concentrations of the major vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (25-OH-D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (1,25-(OH)2-D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (24,25-(OH)2-D) were studied in 22 healthy male volunteers before and after one or two treatments with whole body UVB or PUVA in conventional doses. The effect of UVB was investigated in the autumn and early spring, whereas the effect of PUVA was investigated only in the autumn. The pre-treatment values of two metabolites were significantly reduced in the spring compared to the autumn level (25-OH-D: 14.0 ng/ml versus 22.0 ng/ml, P less than 0.02; and 24,25-(OH)2-D: 1.23 ng/ml versus 2.74 ng/ml, P less than 0.01), whereas the serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2-D was not significantly reduced in the spring. After UVB, a small, but not significant, rise in all metabolites was observed in the spring, whereas virtually no changes were measured after UVB or PUVA in the autumn. We conclude that UVB and PUVA do not lead to harmful concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in the blood of healthy subjects.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1983

The leakage of plasma albumin across small vessel walls during bleomycin treatment.

To characterize the toxic side-effects of bleomycin physiologically, pulmonary function, transcapillary escape rate of albumin, plasma volume and intravascular mass of albumin were determined prior to and during combination chemotherapy including cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin in 11 patients with stages I and II embryonal carcinoma of the testis. Though the patients received the maximum tolerable dose of bleomycin (270 mg/m2), no change of the lung function was observed. Pretherapeutic subnormal values of the intravascular mass of albumin were normalized during treatment. The transcapillary escape rate was unaffected. It is concluded that the overall leakiness of the microvasculature does not change during bleomycin treatment. It is hypothesized that the function abnormalities of the vessels known to be induced by bleomycin are mainly confined to the lungs and only to a moderate degree to the skin, rather than being general in character.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Passage of albumin from plasma to suction skin blisters.

To study the transvascular passage of albumin from the plasma to the skin interstitium, suction blisters were developed on the abdominal skin of six young, healthy male volunteers. Fifteen minutes after the blisters had been formed and the suction had been stopped, 125I-albumin was injected intravenously and the disappearance of the tracer protein from plasma was compared to its appearance in blister fluid as a function of time for up to 4 h after the injection. There was a linear increase of blister fluid activity with time after injection and the mean accumulation rate of the six subjects was 0.9 +/- 0.4 (SD)%/h. It is suggested that this figure is a representative measure of the leakage of albumin through the skin microvasculature. In previous studies, a ten-fold higher accumulation rate of albumin was found when the protein tracer was administered intravenously before the suction was induced. This difference was probably due to a suction-induced increase of the filtration gradient across the skin vessels. It is concluded that both methods might be used to obtain a comparative measure of the local rate at which albumin passes from plasma to the interstitial fluid of the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

What do early bone scans tell about breast cancer patients?

In 1978, 1012 out of a total of 1888 Danish breast cancer patients registered for a nationwide therapeutical trial were bone-scanned to find osseous metastases. A re-reading group (N.R., O.M. and S.P.N.) interpreted 842 of the scans produced in the twelve participating hospitals. Specific criteria were used for grading the scintiscans. Of the 842 scans 682 were performed within 30 days of the operation and were defined as initial. The re-reading group found 50 (7%) of these scans to be equivocal and 46 (7%) to be indicative of bone metastases at the time of operation. The number of X-ray-verified bone metastases was only 5 (0.6%). The frequency of positive bone scans correlated with the age of the patients and tumor size, but not with clinical staging at the time of operation, number of positive axillary lymph nodes or degree of tumor anaplasia. Recurrences and death rates during a 2-yr follow-Up period correlated significantly with initial clinical staging. In the clinical low-risk group a positive initial bone scan worsened the prognosis, but this was not statistically significant for all patients grouped together. Although the prognostic value of the initial bone scan per se is dubious, it serves as a guidance for elective X-ray examination and as a basis for comparing subsequent scans.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Microvascular leakage of plasma proteins after PUVA and UVA.

The transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb), i.e., the fraction of intravascular albumin mass passing to the extravascular space per unit time, is a parameter of the leakage of macromolecules from the total microvasculature. In patients with psoriasis short-term PUVA treatment induces an increase in TERalb. In this study TERalb was measured in 3 groups of normal humans treated with PUVA, UVA and 8-methoxypsoralen. Treatment with PUVA and UVA caused a statistically significant increase in TERalb, whereas treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen did not induce any measurable changes. It is concluded that the UVA irradiation causes the abnormal leakage of macromolecules, whereas psoralen is not the responsible component. Furthermore the phenomenon can be elicited in normals and is not based on a preexisting psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Direct and indirect effects of UVA on skin vessel leakiness.

By using the suction blister technique we have investigated the leakiness of skin vessels in healthy volunteers after whole-body suberythemogenic doses of UVA radiation (a quadrant on one side of the abdominal skin was shielded with lead-rubber). The accumulation of intravenously injected labeled albumin in blister fluid was slightly elevated 1 day after irradiation and increased significantly 2 days later. The blister concentrations of 4 endogenous plasma proteins (albumin, transferrin, IgG, and alpha 2-macroglobulin) were elevated 1 day after radiation exposure and normalized 2 days later. All changes were equal on irradiated and nonirradiated skin. It is concluded that UVA radiation can induce a continued or biphasic increased leakage of plasma proteins in the skin vessels, due to a humoral rather than to a direct physical effect of the radiation on the vessel walls. It is suggested that an increased microvascular leakiness in organs other than the skin might be present.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Selection of high risk groups among prognostically favorable patients with breast cancer.

In a prospective, nationwide, decentralized breast cancer project conducted by The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) the recurrence rate within the first year after surgery was analysed in relation to tumor anaplasia. One thousand forty-eight patients met the requirements of eligibility, i.e. tumor size less than or equal to 5 cm with negative axillary nodes, and no skin or deep invasion. The recurrence rates in tumors with anaplasia Grades I, II, and III were 4, 9, and 14%, respectively (p = 0.001). Therefore, it seems possible, prospectively, among otherwise prognostically favorable patients, to select a group with high risk of recurrence which might benefit from adjuvant systemic therapy.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1981

Distribution and degradation of albumin in extensive skin disease.

The distribution and degradation of albumin were determined in twelve patients with extensive skin disease and in ten control subjects by measuring the metabolic turnover and transcapillary escape of 132 I-labelled albumin. The ratio of intravascular to total mass of albumin was normal. Thus the observed hypoalbuminaemia and the low intravascular mass reflect a reduced mass of total body albumin. The rate of synthesis was normal, but the transcapillary escape rate reflecting the microvascular leakiness to macromolecules, and the fractional disappearance rate were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that the hypoalbuminaemia in these patients is the result of an increased endogenous catabolism of albumin without significant loss via urine, stools or skin. A positive correlation between the transcapillary escape rate and fractional catabolic rate of albumin supports the concept of a causal relationship between these parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Interstitial fluid: exchange of macromolecules between plasma and skin interstitium.

Fluid was collected from blisters developed by suction on the abdominal skin in ten normal volunteers. During the same study the transcapillary escape rate of intravenously injected 131I-albumin and 125I-IgG together with the accumulation of these tracers in the blister fluid was measured. The ratios between the concentrations of endogenous albumin, transferrin, IgG and alpha 2-macroglobulin in the blister fluid (Cb) and serum (Cs) correlated directly with the free diffusion coefficients indicating that the sieving properties of the vascular endothelium remained intact during the suction. The ratios of intravascular to total masses of the four endogenous proteins calculated from plasma volume, Cs, Cb and extracellular fluid volume determined with inulin and Cb were very similar to those obtained in long-term metabolic turnover studies. The ratio between the accumulated IgG and albumin tracers in the blister fluid (0.80) was identical with the Cb/Cs ratio between endogenous IgG and albumin (0.78) but higher than the ratio between the IgG and albumin escape rates from the total microvasculature (0.58). From the protein tracer determinations it cannot be definitely excluded that suction increases the microvascular escape rates. If the distribution volume of inulin equates that of albumin in steady-state it can, however, be concluded from the data given on the endogenous plasma protein, that blister fluid from the abdominal skin corresponds to average interstitial tissue fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Local blood pressure in chronic leg ulcers.

The local arterial blood supply was evaluated according to clinical criteria in 30 consecutive patients with chronic leg ulcers. Separately, the blood pressure was measured at the ankle level with both strain gauge plethysmography and a Doppler ultrasonic method. In patients with clinical signs of arterial obliterative disease the systolic ankle pressure and the ankle/arm systolic pressure ratio were lower than in patients without such signs. In none of the patients was the local pressure decreased to such a degree that ischemia was the main cause of the ulcer, nor was gangrene imminent. Hence, success or failure of skin grafting or conservative treatment depends primarily on factors other than the nutritive flow, when the perfusion pressure is above 70 mmHg, as in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Microvascular protein leakage in extensive skin diseases: aspects of the transport mechanisms.

The transcapillary escape rates of albumin (TERalb) and IgG (TERIgG) (i.e. fractions of intravascular masses of albumin and IgG passing to the extravascular spaces per unit time) can be used as parameters of the microvascular leakiness to macromolecules. These parameters were examined simultaneously in 12 patients with extensive skin disease. Six of the patients were reexamined after treatment with systemic steroid. The significantly increased (p less than 0.001) pretreatment values of both TERalb and TERIgG were normalized after treatment with systemic steroid to mean values comparable to those of the control group (p greater than 0.1). The patients mean ratio of TERIgG/TERalb did not differ from that of controls, neither before nor after treatment (p greater than 0.1). The microvascular leakage to differently sized macromolecules in the patients examined seems to be independent of the underlying skin disease. On the background of the structural microvascular changes often described in inflammatory reactions developed experimentally, and the similar changes present in the microvasculature of the psoriatic skin, it is suggested, that the increased microvascular leakage as found in this study, is confined to the postcapillary venules. The functional mechanisms dominating the transport of macromolecules across the vessel wall in this study are compatible with free diffusion as well as with filtration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Mechanisms of edema formation in myxedema--increased protein extravasation and relatively slow lymphatic drainage.

We assessed extravascular accumulation of albumin and fluid in primary myxedema by measuring metabolic turnover and transcapillary escape of 131I-labeled human albumin in seven patients. In the hypothyroid state, we found a low plasma volume (P less than 0.05), a reduced rate of albumin synthesis and catabolism (P less than 0.01), an increased transcapillary escape rate of albumin (P less than 0.01), a remarkable increase in the extravascular mass of albumin (1500 micronmol; P less than 0.01) and a longer mean transit time through the extravascular spaces in primary myxedema than in other states of generalized edema (P less than 0.05). All variables returned to normal during l-thyroxine treatment. The extravascular accumulation of albumin, and presumably of all other plasma proteins, is important in the generalized edema typically found in myxedema. Inadequate lymphatic drainage may also explain the formation of exudates in the serous cavities that are well known in myxedema.

Adult↗