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Biomedical subjects

N Rothwell

Publications and source records attributed to N Rothwell.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Potential mechanisms of interleukin-1 involvement in cerebral ischaemia.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has pleiotropic actions in the central nervous system. During the last decade, a growing corpus of evidence has indicated an important role of this cytokine in the development of brain damage following cerebral ischaemia. The expression of IL-1 in the brain is dramatically increased during the early and chronic stage of infarction. The most direct evidence that IL-1 contributes significantly to ischaemic injury is that (1) central administration of IL-1beta exacerbates brain damage, and (2) injection or over-expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and blockade of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme activity reduce, dramatically, infarction and improve behavioural deficit. The mechanisms underlying IL-1 actions in stroke are not definitively elucidated, and it seems likely that its effects are mediated through stimulation and inhibition of wide range of pathophysiological processes.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Cytokines and fever.

Fever is one of the best examples of responses to injury and infection which depends on neuroimmune interactions. Cytokines function as mediators of fever, acting locally within damaged tissues, circulating factors and the brain. The primary endogenous pyrogens. IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha act at each of these sites and interact with nervous and endocrine systems to modify host defence responses. Understanding the role and mechanisms of cytokine actions in fever is relevant to many other aspects of neuroimmunology, and host responses to pathological challenges.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

MIP-1 gamma: molecular cloning, expression, and biological activities of a novel CC chemokine that is constitutively secreted in vivo.

We have identified a novel CC chemokine family member, herein termed MIP-1 gamma in view of its similarity to existing members of the MIP-1 group. The murine protein has a predicted length of 100 amino acids. Like MIP-1 alpha, recombinant MIP-1 gamma acts as a pyrogen when administered intracerebroventricularly. MIP-1 gamma and MIP-1 alpha engage the same high-affinity receptor on neutrophils, activating calcium release within seconds following cell contact. Pretreatment with either chemokine abolishes responses to the other, and to itself, suggesting utilization of a common signaling pathway. However, unlike MIP-1 alpha or any of the other CC chemokines, MIP-1 gamma is expressed constitutively by a wide variety of tissues, and circulates in the blood of healthy mice at concentrations of approximately 1 microgram/ml (90 nM). It would therefore be predicted that MIP-1 gamma occupies most of the CC chemokine receptors that exist in the intravascular compartment. As such it might, under normal circumstances, markedly influence responses to the inducible CC chemokines.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1985

Brown fat, thermogenesis and physiological birth in a marsupial.

Resting oxygen consumption corrected for body size, increased in young marsupials (Bennett's Wallaby) with body weights of 50-400 g. Up to 250 g body wt injections of noradrenaline caused either a fall or no change in metabolic rate, but above this age a significant rise was evoked. This age also corresponded to a rapid increase in growth rate and identification of active brown adipose tissue, assessed from electron microscopy and measurements of purine nucleotide binding to isolated mitochondria.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1984

Effect of age and gene dosage on brown adipose tissue of Zucker obese fa/fa rats.

Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of age and genotype on brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in Zucker rats. Specific [3H]GDP binding to interscapular brown adipose tissue mitochondria ( IBATM ) was reduced in 14-day-old preobese fa/fa rats and remained lower after weaning. A gene-dosage effect of the recessive fa gene was observed in 8- to 10-wk-old rats in both IBATM [3H]GDP binding and the thermic effect of a balanced meal (50 kJ Complan ), measured by indirect calorimetry. In each case the heterozygote (Fa/fa) group had a value intermediate between those of obese (fa/fa) and the homozygous lean (Fa/Fa) groups. Norepinephrine increased IBATM [3H]GDP binding to similar levels in lean (Fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) rats and induced similar increases in oxygen consumption in Fa/Fa, Fa/fa, and fa/fa rats. It is concluded that the impaired, diet-related brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is closely related to the primary gene defect in the obese rat. This defect may result from misregulation of the autonomic nervous system.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Attributional style and life-events.

The study addressed the question of the significance of intervening life-events in linking attributional style and depression. Twenty male subjects who had experienced an uncontrollable event, job redundancy, were compared with 20 controls on measures of attributional style, depression and self-esteem. The reformulated helplessness hypothesis implies that attribution and depression should be correlated only after the uncontrollable event. This was found to be the case for internal--external dimension, providing tentative support for the reformulated helplessness model.

Adult↗