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Biomedical subjects

N S Arora

Publications and source records attributed to N S Arora.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cough dynamics during progressive expiratory muscle weakness in healthy curarized subjects.

The dynamics of voluntary cough were studied in healthy supine subjects during four successive infusions of d-tubocurarine (dTc) (0.05 mg/kg) to assess the effects of progressive expiratory muscle weakness on cough performance. Curarization produced a progressive decline in maximal static expiratory muscle strength (PEmax) measured at the mouth and in pleural pressures (Ppl) generated during coughing. Expiratory flow rates during coughing did not decrease except during the initial cough from total lung capacity with the last dTc dose (18% below control). This was associated with a decrease in end-inspiratory volume prior to coughing and with a marked decrease in Ppl to 30% of control. Although the decrease in flow rates was minimal compared with Ppl, flow patterns suggest that dynamic airway compression was reduced during these coughs. We conclude that the principal effect of the expiratory muscle weakness in curarized subjects is to reduce the cough-induced dynamic compression and linear velocity of airflow though the major intrathoracic airways.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The role of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of pleural effusions.

Thirty-two patients with pleural effusions (7 malignant, 5 with connective tissue disease, 5 with infections, 9 idiopathic, 6 miscellaneous) were studied to determine if immune complex formation might be involved in the pathogenesis of pleural fluid formation. Immune complexes were detected in serum, pleural fluid and in parietal pleural capillaries using direct immunofluorescence in the following groups: malignant disease (57%, 29%, 67%), connective tissue diseases (100%, 100%, 100%), infectious diseases (0%, 44%, 67%), idiopathic (67%, 44%, 75%), and miscellaneous (25%, 17%, 0%). Whereas the degree of immune complex was higher in serum than in pleural fluid in patients with malignant disease, the converse was true in patients with connective tissue diseases. Activation of C3 and properdin factor B was almost invariable in pleural fluid from patients with connective tissue disease and bacterial infections. These data suggested that pleural immune complexes are frequently associated with exudative pleural effusions. Immune complexes may lead to formation of pleural fluid by increasing capillary permeability. This may result from either a local Arthus-type reaction within the pleura, local immune complex formation within pleural fluid leading to release of inflammatory mediators, and/or deposition of circulating immune complexes in pleural vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Atypical mycobacterial infections: a clinical study of 92 patients.

Between July 1970 and December 1979, 92 patients with atypical mycobacterial infections of the lung were hospitalized 110 times at Blue Ridge Hospital (Charlottesville, Va). These patients comprised less than 3% of all patients hospitalized for active mycobacterial disease. Sixteen had Mycobacterium kansasii or group I disease, three had group II disease (two M scrofulaceum, one M szulgai), 70 had group III disease (68 M avium-intracellulare, two M xenopi), and three had M fortuitum or group IV disease. M kansasii infections comprised 23% of the total during the first five years, but only 6% during the second half of the decade. Clinical and roentgenographic findings were similar to those in patients with tuberculosis. As anticipated, most of the M kansasii organisms were sensitive to antimycobacterial drugs, and these patients generally responded well to chemotherapy. In contrast, most of the group III organisms, including one of the M xenopi, exhibited resistance to several drugs. Despite the high incidence of resistance, 59% of the patients with group III infections who were treated for at least three months in the hospital had sputum cultures converted to negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Deaths and complications associated with transbronchial lung biopsy.

A questionnaire requesting information about complications resulting from transbronchial lung biopsy was sent to 178 directors of respiratory disease training programs in the United States and Canada. Ninety-six questionnaires (54%) were returned, listing 5,450 transbronchial lung biopsy procedures. Thirteen deaths were directly or temporally related to the procedure. Nine patients died from hemorrhage. Eight of these patients had underlying diseases or were receiving drugs known to affect hemostasis. One also had pulmonary hypertension. One patient died from a tension pneumothorax that rapidly progressed more than two hours after the procedure. Analysis of the exact data, which were available for 2,628 procedures, indicated that pneumothorax, hemorrhage exceeding 50 ml, and death occurred in 5.5, 1.3, and 0.20% of procedures, respectively.

Adolescent↗