Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N S Gurko.
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It has been shown that in a month after replantation of extremity the muscle fibres survive. Some of them have got good safety, in others--destructive-degenerative changes prevail. The reinnervation processes were not perfect because of the disturbance of axon-Schwann interrelations and as a result of this--the presence of the degenerative forms of Schwann cells.
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The work is concerned with light-optic and ultrastructural analysis of the causes of incomplete structural and functional restoration of skeletal muscles after extensive trauma and replantation of the limb. It was found that posttraumatic myogenesis was limited due to change of some of the satellite cells from the myogenic type of development to differentiation with the formation of fibroblast-like cells. In distinction from the embryonal cells, the myoblasts form the surrounding basal membranes earlier which prevents their fusion and the formation of the myosymplast. The features of the macrophageal reaction, its permanency lead to accumulation of collagen in the interstitium. Progressing secondary neurogenic atrophy develops at the tissue level. The developing posttraumatic microangiopathies are the cause of secondary destructive changes in the muscles. The disorders of tissue nutrition and the progressing atrophic and destructive-degenerative processes gear the autoimmune mechanisms in the late periods which is conducive to stable chronicity of the pathological process in the muscle.
The analysis of the changes in the muscles of replanted terminals in early and late stages was made by the method of electron microscopy. In early stages neurogenic atrophy was observed which progressed due to the destructive-regenerative process caused by incomplete innervation, deepening microcirculatory disorders and, likely, autoimmune reactions.
Chronic venous hypertension in rats was provoked by injection of polymethyloxane into the pleural cavity. Hypertrophy of muscular tissue was accompanied by reconstitution of adrenergic nervous structures. In the early stages (up to 40 days), the changes in the latter are reactive in nature: first there occurs a weakening of luminescence, rare-fraction of the network and then "hyperneuria". Pulmonary heart formation was followed by marked hypertrophy of SMC, increased density of adrenergic fibers, convergence of SMC and nerve terminals (synapse formation).
The article characterizes the structural-functional organization of fast and slow muscles of replanted rat limb by methods of light-optic, ultrastructural, and morphometric analysis. The results of the study allowed a conclusion to be drawn that the initial organization of the muscles is not restored in the late terms after replantation. New structural-functional units form in them which differ from the initial system of functioning and vitality provision. Grounds for advancement of destructive-degenerative changes are laid down in the newly formed system of neuro-muscular and vascular-tissue relations. The possible vascular, neural, and autoimmune mechanisms of timing of the pathological process in the replant muscles are discussed.
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Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis has proved the role of sympathetic innervation in postnatal myelinization of motor nerve axons. Sympathectomy in early postnatal period of rats inhibits myelinization. This affects structure of effectors and neuromuscular contacts.