PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N S Panesar

Publications and source records attributed to N S Panesar.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Plasma zinc concentration and thyroid function in hyperemetic pregnancies.

Low zinc concentrations in plasma have been reported in pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation, as well as in non-pregnant individuals with gastrointestinal and eating disorders. The present study looked at the plasma zinc concentration in hyperemetic and normal pregnant women at the same stage of gestation, as well as total thyroxin concentration in these two groups, since abnormal thyroid function is a common phenomenon in hyperemetic women. No difference in plasma zinc concentration was found between normal and hyperemetic women, which suggests that hyperemesis gravidarum is not associated with a low plasma zinc concentration. Hyperemetic women did have, however, significantly higher total thyroxin concentrations, and on further examination, a significant correlation was found between plasma zinc concentration and total and free thyroxin, free tri-iodothyronin, and human chorionic gonadotropin. The significance of our findings is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of cirrhotic ascites by dialytic ultrafiltration with a hemofilter system.

Dialytic ultrafiltration with a hemofilter was performed in 21 cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites refractory to sodium restriction and diuretic therapy. A continuous flow of ascitic fluid at a rate of 300-400 ml/min through a hemofilter was maintained by the use of a single-head blood pump. The protein-rich ascitic fluid was reinfused into the peritoneal cavity, whereas sodium and water were filtered and removed. An average of 6.8 liters of filtrate was removed over an averaged period of 4.4 h. The new technique is simple, safe, and cost-effective as compared with conventional treatment of paracentesis. Rapid relief of symptom related to intractable ascites could readily be achieved. These patients remained hemodynamically stable, and no major complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and variceal bleeding were experienced.

Ascites↗
PubMed1987

Ultrafiltration by hemofilter--a new therapeutic measure in intractable ascites.

The clinical efficacy of ultrafiltration (UF) of ascitic fluid with hemofilter in the treatment of intractable ascites associated with chronic liver disease or intraabdominal malignancy was studied in fifteen patients. The ascitic fluid was reinfused into the peritoneal cavity after ultrafiltration. An average of 6.2 liters of fluid was removed during 4.4 hours of ultrafiltration with no significant change in blood pressure, central venous pressure, hemoglobin, platelets or plasma creatinine. Ascitic fluid albumin rose significantly immediately after the procedure (from 5.2 +/- 4.3 gm/L to 31.9 +/- 30.0 gm/L, P less than 0.01). The plasma albumin concentration increased significantly at the end of UF (P less than 0.001). Also there was a significant increase in urine output (P less than 0.001), urinary sodium excretion (P less than 0.001), and endogenous creatinine clearance (P less than 0.01) during the 48 hours following UF. There was no evidence of hemodynamic, renal or hematological dysfunction, and other complications, including encephalopathy, peritonitis and variceal bleeding were not experienced. Ultrafiltration of ascitic fluid with hemofilter may be safely used in the temporary relief of refractory ascites due to cirrhosis or intra-abdominal malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prednisolone levels in plasma and leukemia cells during therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The capacity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to concentrate prednisolone has been evaluated in vivo and in vitro employing a radioimmunoassay for prednisolone. No evidence to suggest that leukemia cells are capable of selectively concentrating glucocorticoid was found. The relative uptake of glucocorticoid by leukemia cells was found to be greater in vitro than in vivo. This may be attributable to differences in steroid bioavailability to cells. Substantially lower levels than previously reported of free prednisolone were found in plasma of patients receiving oral treatment with prednisolone. This may result from the failure in previous studies to remove derivatives of prednisolone and other steroids prior to assay for hormones.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Glucocorticoid binding and cytolethal responsiveness of hairy-cell and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

The glucocorticoid binding properties and cytolethal responsiveness of leukaemic cells were studied in vitro in seven patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) and five with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Substantial levels of glucocorticoid binding were detected both in whole cell and cytosol preparations from all patients although the level of binding by HCL cells always exceeded that of CLL cells (P less than 0.05). In both leukaemic cell types the uptake and binding of prednisolone in vitro was significantly greater than that of dexamethasone (P less than 0.05). CLL cells showed a variable dose-related cytolethal response to methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) treatment in vitro although cytolytic effects were not marked in the usual pharmacological dose range (10(-5)-10(-6)M). Treatment of CLL patients with conventional doses of prednisone for extended periods or high intravenous infusions of MPSS over shorter periods had no consistent effect on the in-vitro level of steroid binding or the cytolethal responsiveness of CLL cells to glucocorticoid treatment. Although HCL cells proved highly resistant to the cytolethal effects of MPSS in vitro, the substantial binding of glucocorticoids by leukaemic cells from all HCL patients indicates the potential value of steroid therapy in this disease should be explored further.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Effects of cyproterone and cyproterone acetate on the adrenal gland in the rat: studies in vivo and in vitro.

Male Wistar rats were treated for three weeks with cyproterone (1.7 or 5.1 mg/day) or cyproterone acetate (2 or 6 mg/day). The adrenal weights of animals treated with either dose of cyproterone acetate were significantly less (P less than 0.001) than those of untreated animals. In contrast, the adrenal weights of animals treated with cyproterone did not differ from those of the controls. The concentrations of corticosterone in the plasma were significantly less (P less than 0.001) in both groups treated with cyproterone acetate compared with those of the controls; only the higher dose of cyproterone reduced the plasma concentration of corticosterone (P less than 0.001). Cyproterone acetate inhibited the rat adrenal 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-5-ene,4-ene-isomerase complex in vitro, with both pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone as substrates. Analysis of the reaction rates suggested an uncompetitive mode of inhibition. These results suggest that in rats the antiandrogens cyproterone and cyproterone acetate may provoke adrenal insufficiency by inhibition of steroid biosynthesis. Furthermore, indirect evidence from the mass and morphology of the adrenal suggests that cyproterone acetate may also suppress production or secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Salivary estradiol and progesterone during the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle in Chinese women.

Salivary and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in 10 Chinese women during their normal menstrual cycles. Changes in salivary estradiol and progesterone levels followed a similar pattern to that in the serum. Significant correlation was found between salivary and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone (p less than 0.001). Measurements of these salivary steroids may be used to assess follicular dynamics. Moreover, salivary sampling is simple, convenient and stress free.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human lymphoid cell lines and glucocorticoids: I. Characterization and cytolethal responses of lymphoblastoid, leukaemia and lymphoma lines.

Using various genotypic and phenotypic markers 20 human lymphoid cell lines have been classified as lymphoblastoid, leukaemia or lymphoma subtypes. Each cell line type exhibited characteristic morphological and behavioural properties in suspension culture. Whilst most lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines manifested B-cell phenotypes and contained Epstein Barr virus (EBV) genome, leukaemia lines demonstrated T-cell markers and lacked EBV genome. Individual cell lines demonstrated unique isoenzyme profiles for the seven polymorphic enzymes studied without subtype specificity. None of the cell lines studied was entirely homogeneous although lymphoblastoid lines contained only a minor subpopulation of other cell line types. The mixed population of cells indicate the need for caution in the use of these cell lines as in vitro models of lymphoid cancer and suggests further refinement of classification methods is required. Incubation of different cell line types with prednisolone for 48-168 h revealed most were highly resistant to cytolethal and cytostatic effects of glucocorticoids in vitro. Suprapharmacological doses of steroid (10(-3) M) were required in most instances before significant cytolethal responses occurred. Only one lymphoblastoid, one lymphoma and two leukaemia lines responded to pharmacological doses (10(-5)-10(-6) M) of prednisolone.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human lymphoid cell lines and glucocorticoids: II. Whole cell and cytoplasmic binding properties of lymphoblastoid, leukaemia and lymphoma lines.

The glucocorticoid binding properties of 18 human lymphoid cell lines (HLCL) have been investigated. The specificity of steroid binding was confirmed with various glucocorticoid agonists and antagonists. A gradation in whole cell and cytoplasmic glucocorticoid binding capacity was observed in the different cell line types: lymphoblastoid greater than lymphoma greater than leukaemia. The cytoplasmic receptors of leukaemia and lymphoblastoid lines appeared to contain both proteinaceous and phospholipid components. Cytoplasmic steroid-receptor complexes exhibited a wide range of sedimentation coefficients (8.5-11.3S) in low ionic strength buffer but there was no correlation with cell line type or glucocorticoid sensitivity. Activation of these complexes by heat (37 degrees C) or exposure to high ionic strength buffer (0.3 M NaCl) induced nuclear binding of steroid but only complexes in high ionic strength buffer manifested changes in sedimentation coefficient. No correlation was observed between the level or nature of glucocorticoid binding and the cytolethal or cytostatic responsiveness of HLCL to glucocorticoid treatment in vitro. The resistance to cytolethal effects cannot be ascribed to a failure of cells to take up and bind steroid or to significant differences in the molecular species of cytoplasmic receptors present. The molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoids achieve cytolethal responses in human lymphoid cells has still to be resolved.

Cell Line↗