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Biomedical subjects

N Sakuma

Publications and source records attributed to N Sakuma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Opposite changes in serum sodium and potassium in patients in diabetic coma.

We studied the changes in serum sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels in seventeen patients in diabetic ketoacidosis and nine patients in non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma, who had marked hyperglycemia (707.4 +/- 75.6 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM) and dehydration. The disorder characterized two types of alteration. The one group was hyponatremia with hyperkalemia in 17 patients in diabetic ketoacidosis (132.9 +/- 2.0 and 5.7 +/- 0.2 mEq/l), and 4 patients in non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma (125.8 +/- 4.3 and 5.2 +/- 0.5 mEq/l). The other was hypernatremia (162.5 +/- 1.8 mEq/l) with hypokalemia (3.4 +/- 0.2 mEq/l) in 5 patients in non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma. Intensive therapy with insulin and fluid administration improved the diabetic hyperglycemia and associated abnormalities. The vectors showing the normalization of serum Na and K levels was in quite opposite directions between the patients with hyponatremia with hyperkalemia and those with hypernatremia with hypokalemia. The amounts of loss of circulatory blood volume exceeded 20% in three groups of patients, a loss greater in the hypernatremic patients than in the hyponatremic ones. These results indicate that serious body water depletion produces hypernatremia instead of hyponatremia in patients in diabetic coma. The disorder may be caused by the altered distribution of electrolytes between the intra- and extra-cellular spaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An autopsy case of licorice-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis associated with acute renal failure: special reference to profound calcium deposition in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

A 78-year-old man was hospitalized because of muscular weakness and acute renal failure. He had been taking glycyrrhizin (280 mg/day) for the last 7 years. Hypertension was noted in his history. Serum potassium was 1.9 mEq/l with metabolic alkalosis. There was hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Serum enzymes, including GOT, LDH and CPK were markedly elevated. In addition, serum myoglobin was as high as 46 micrograms/ml with massive myoglobinuria. Oliguria occurred and blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine rapidly elevated from 20.9 to 87 mg/dl and from 1.3 to 6.7 mg/dl, respectively. Profound calcium deposition was found in the damaged skeletal muscles, including the quadriceps femoris, axillar, neck, and cardiac muscles. These results indicate that licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism produces hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis, resulting in acute renal failure and profound deposition of calcium into the damaged skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

Effect of somatostatin and its analogue on proliferation of human epidermoid carcinoma cells in vitro.

Somatostatin (SS) and its analogue inhibit the growth of some human tumors in vivo. Surprisingly, we found that SS-14 and its analogue (SMS 201-995) exhibited unexpected proliferative effects on two lines of cells, A431 and KB human epidermoid carcinoma cells, in vitro. The level of intracellular cyclic AMP, an important second messenger that controls the growth of A431 cells, was unaffected in A431 cells by either SS-14 or SMS 201-995. In contrast, SS-14 (20 nM) and SMS 201-995 (10 nM) reduced the level of intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate rapidly but transiently.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1993

Excretion of urinary epidermal growth factor in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Morning urine samples were assayed for human EGF (hEGF) in 137 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with normal serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin levels. Serving as controls, 80 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were also examined. A significant positive correlation between hEGF excretion and the level of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was present in those patients with a HbA1c value exceeding 8% (r = 0.37; p = 0.003) but not in the overall patients. The urinary hEGF level did not correlate with the concentration of glucose in urine or plasma. The mean urinary hEGF level of diabetic patients was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. The mean urinary hEGF level was significantly lower in the patients with a diabetic history that exceeded five years as compared with those with a history below five years. The mean urinary hEGF level was significantly lower in the patients with retinopathy vs. those without retinopathy. In the patients with HbA1c value below 8%, the mean urinary hEGF level was lower in the patients whose urinary albumin level exceeded 1.7 mg/mmol.creatinine as compared with those whose urinary albumin excretion was below 1.7 mg/mmol.creatinine. These findings suggest that urinary hEGF excretion may decrease with the progression of diabetic complications in the patients with well-controlled glycemia, and that inadequate glycemic control may lead to an increased excretion of urinary hEGF in the early disease stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Transforming growth factor-alpha activity in effusions: comparison of radioimmunoassay and radioreceptorassay.

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in pleural and peritoneal effusions was assayed by homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) and radioreceptor assay (RRA) using human placental membrane. Effusions were obtained from 24 patients with and 17 patients without cancer. Most of the effusions were found to contain TGF-alpha by RIA and RRA, but immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) was not detected. Effusions were chromatographed on Bio-Gel P-60 with several peaks of TGF-alpha activity by both RIA and RRA. A discrepancy in the chromatographic pattern of TGF-alpha between RIA and RRa suggested the existence of EGF-like substances capable of binding to EGF receptors which lack immunoreactivity for EGF or TGF-alpha. The TGF-alpha concentration of the acetic acid-extracted malignant effusions assayed by RRA significantly exceeded the value obtained from benign effusions (17.0 +/- 8.7 vs. 9.2 +/- 6.3 ng/ml; mean +/- SD: p < 0.02). However, the concentrations obtained by RIA did not differ.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effect of ascorbic acid on pituitary prolactin secretion in the non-ascorbate synthesizing Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi (ODS) rat.

We examined the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in the hereditary scurvy-prone Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi (ODS) rat to investigate the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) in pituitary lactotroph and hypothalamic function. Plasma PRL concentrations of conscious AsA-deficient or control ODS rats were measured before and after the administration of metoclopramide (MCP), 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP) or saline. The basal plasma PRL levels did not differ between the two groups. However, the AsA-deficient rats exhibited significantly larger changes in plasma prolactin concentration in response to MCP or 5-HTP than the control ODS rats. Thus, AsA deficiency enhanced the stimulated, but not the basal, secretion of PRL in ODS rats. Our findings suggest that AsA may have an inhibitory effect on PRL secretion.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide of H(+)-ATPase reduces the cellular action of arginine vasopressin in cultured rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells.

We examined whether H(+)-ATPase is involved in the control of cellular action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to produce adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and mobilize cellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells in culture. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), an inhibitor of H(+)-ATPase, reduced the cellular pH (pHi) dose-dependently. AVP increased cellular cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner. 5 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-5) M NEM significantly diminished the AVP-induced increase in cAMP production. 1 x 10(-7) M AVP also increased [Ca2+]i from 111.2 to 189.3 nM, which was significantly reduced by NEM in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that H(+)-ATPase participates the cellular action of AVP mediated via the pHi control in renal papillary collecting tubule cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Continuous recording of changes in intracranial pressure using interference echoes of ultrasonic wave: a preliminary report of practicality and clinical evaluation.

We attempted to examine intracranial pressure (ICP) noninvasively using probes receiving interference echoes of ultrasound from thin layers between the skull and the surface of the cerebrum. The reception of echo through bone flaps less than 5-mm thick was good. Normal adults (4) and patients (4) were examined by attaching ultrasound probes to the frontotemporal scalp. Recordings were performed during rest, Valsalva maneuver, hyperventilation, and pumping of a shunt-flushing device. Ultrasound recordings of ICP were compared with those of the scalp using two different time windows. The effect of scalp vessels on the ultrasound recordings of ICP was evaluated. The waves from a pressure transducer and the ultrasound probe were similar. This method was found to be useful for ICP recording.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP/amylin) on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in mouse pancreatic acini.

In order to examine the effect of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP/amylin), a product of the pancreatic beta cell and a major component of islet amyloid deposits, on exocrine pancreatic function, we studied the effect of rat IAPP amide (IAPP-NH2) on 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake in isolated mouse pancreatic acini. Mouse pancreatic acini were preincubated for 80 min with various concentrations of IAPP-NH2 (1 nM-1 microM) and [3H]2-DG uptake for 20 min was measured. The full effect of IAPP-NH2 on this function was not immediate but increased linearly with time for up to 80 min of incubation. IAPP-NH2 caused a dose-dependent stimulation of 2-DG uptake by mouse acini; a detectable effect at 10 nM and a maximal effect at 1 microM. In the presence of 1 microM IAPP-NH2, 2-DG uptake increased by 69 +/- 8% above basal (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The results indicate that IAPP-NH2 stimulates glucose uptake in mouse pancreatic acini, and raise the possibility that IAPP-NH2 plays some physiological role in the insuloacinar axis in mouse pancreas.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1992

Effects of neostigmine and edrophonium on human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity.

Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in vivo were measured over 60 min using a spectrophotometric method after administration of neostigmine or edrophonium for antagonism of pancuronium-induced neuromuscular block in 31 patients. Erythrocyte AChE activities decreased to 11.3 (SD 1.2)% and 11.4 (0.8)% of baseline values (P less than 0.001) within 2 min, then recovered slowly and were 43.2 (6.2)% and 27.9 (2.9)% (P less than 0.001) 60 min after administration of neostigmine 0.036 mg kg-1 and 0.071 mg kg-1, respectively. However, the enzyme activity after edrophonium 1.43 mg kg-1 did not change significantly over 60 min. The results suggest that mechanisms other than AChE inhibition may be responsible for the anti-curare effect of edrophonium.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of histiocytosis X cells in pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma.

We describe histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings in pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma (PEG) from three patients. The specimens were taken by open-lung biopsy. The lesions of the lung were composed of histiocytic cells, macrophages and eosinophils. The histiocytic cells reacted positively with anti-S-100 protein antibody. The histiocytic cells had various types of Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm. The histiocytic cells were histiocytosis X (HX) cells considered to be derived from Langerhans cells. Sporadic mitosis of HX cells was observed. Some HX cells had migrated from the lesions into the alveolar spaces through the alveolar cell layers. In the lesions of PEG, HX cells have self-reproduction and migration capability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Thyroid storm associated with probable subclinical hypoadrenocorticism in an elderly woman.

A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for severe persistent vomiting with fever, drowsiness, and weight loss. Elevated serum levels of thyroid hormones and the presence of a consciousness disorder with fever and vomiting led to the diagnosis of thyroid storm. A low normal concentration of serum cortisol, urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and an elevated plasma level of corticotropin suggest that an inadequate adrenal reserve have been involved in the pathogenesis of the thyroid storm in this patient. She responded to the administration of intravenous methimazole and oral supersaturated potassium iodide solution.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1991

Additive effect of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP/amylin) and insulin on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in mouse pancreatic acini.

The effect of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP/amylin) on 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake was studied in isolated mouse pancreatic acini in the absence or presence of insulin. Synthetic rat IAPP-NH2 caused a dose-dependent stimulation of 2-DG uptake by mouse acini with a half-maximal concentration at 70 nM. The increase in 2-DG uptake by 1 microM IAPP-NH2 or 100 nM insulin was 68% or 60% above basal, respectively. In the presence of both 1 microM IAPP-NH2 and 100 nM insulin, the increase in 2-DG uptake was 145% above basal, indicating that the effects of IAPP-NH2 and insulin on 2-DG uptake were additive. The results suggest that IAPP stimulates glucose uptake in mouse acini probably by a different mechanism from that of insulin.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1991

Beta-blocking potency and selectivity of bopindolol and its two metabolites for beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors as assessed by radioligand binding assay.

Using a radioligand binding assay, we assessed the affinity and selectivity of the antagonistic effects of bopindolol (4-(benzoyloxy-3-tert-butylaminopropyl)-2-methylindole hydrogen-malonate) and its two metabolites, (18-502, (4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-methyl indole) and 20-785, (4-(3-tert-butylaminopropoxy)-2-carboxyl indole], for beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors and on 5HT1B-receptors in rat brain and heart. In addition, we also determined the pA2 values of these agents for their antagonistic effects toward positive chronotropic and inotropic actions (beta 1-adrenoceptors) and for their antagonistic effects toward isolated tracheal relaxation (beta 2-adrenoceptors), using isoproterenol as an agonist. The data showed that bopindolol was more selective for beta 2-adrenoceptors than for beta 1-adrenoceptors and 5HT1B-receptors, but its two metabolites (18-502 and 20-785) did not have significant selectivity for beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors, using both [3H]CGP12177 and [125I]ICYP ([125I]iodocyanopindolol) bindings. In contrast, the results from pharmacological assessment for antagonistic potencies, using atria and trachea, showed that bopindolol and its two metabolites did not have significant selectivity on beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors. A major metabolite of bopindolol, 18-502, had higher pKi and pA2 values for beta-adrenoceptors and 5HT1B-receptors than those of bopindolol and 20-785. These results indicate, first, that a radioligand binding assay for the assessment of the selectivity of bopindolol and its two metabolites for beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors is more effective than pharmacological experiments, and that there is a possibility that its two metabolites also contribute to the strong beta-blocking action of bopindolol.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Sex differences in cognitive abilities: a cross-cultural perspective.

Studies in Western cultures have indicated significant sex differences in certain cognitive abilities. To determine whether similar differences occur in a non-Western culture, this study administered a cross-linguistic battery of tests to high school students in Japan and America. In both cultures, girls averaged significantly higher scores on a Story Recall test, the Digit-Symbol test and a Word Fluency test whereas boys achieved significantly higher scores on a Mental Rotation test. The analysis of standardized test scores further indicated that the size of the sex difference was culture-independent in three out of these four cases. These results are discussed in the context of the GESCHWIND and GALABURDA [Cerebral Lateralization, Biological Mechanisms, Associations and Pathology, Bradford Books, Cambridge, Massachusetts] account of the contribution of testosterone to left-right asymmetries in early cerebral development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Diurnal change of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in patients with congestive heart failure.

Diurnal change of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration was observed in 14 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and in eight healthy control subjects. Blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma concentration of ANP were obtained at intervals of 4 hours beginning immediately after midnight. In the CHF group, plasma ANP concentrations at the time of blood sampling were all higher than those in the control group. Patients with severe CHF had higher plasma ANP concentrations than those in patients with less severe CHF. Plasma ANP concentration in the control group was highest at 4:00 AM and was lowest at 4:00 PM. The percent change of ANP secretion (% delta ANP): [(ANP at 4:00 AM-ANP at 4:00 PM)/ANP at 4:00 PM] x 100%, increased in the control group, while it decreased in the CHF group. Moreover, % delta ANP was much lower in patients with severe CHF than it was in patients with less severe CHF. There was a possible relation between the severity of CHF and the increase of ANP secretion associated with the relative diminution of nocturnal ANP secretion. Thus the present data imply that the diurnal change in ANP was lost in patients with CHF.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗