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Biomedical subjects

N Sakuragi

Publications and source records attributed to N Sakuragi.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Studies of aztreonam transfer into the fetus and amniotic fluid in early pregnancy].

The materno-fetal transfer of aztreonam by a single intravenous dose of 1 g was examined in 7 volunteer women undergoing induced abortion in early pregnancy and the following results were obtained. After administration of the drug, maternal blood levels at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes were 77.24 +/- 6.09 micrograms/ml (Mean +/- S.E.), 37.84 +/- 5.85 micrograms/ml, 25.62 +/- 3.15 micrograms/ml and 18.10 +/- 2.22 micrograms/ml, respectively. Amniotic fluid level of the drug was low in 3 cases, of which amniotic fluid levels were determined; 0.74 microgram/ml after 229 minutes, 0.83 microgram/ml after 280 minutes and 0.74 microgram/ml after 328 minutes. Fetal tissue concentration of the drug was below our detection limit at 120 minutes. Tissue levels of villus and decidua in 6 cases were also too low to be detectable between 89 and 328 minutes after injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Early detection of multiple gestations following hMG-hCG therapy by ultrasonography and midluteal phase progesterone determinations.

Multiple gestations after human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy were detected within 7 gestational weeks (GW) by ultrasound examinations and also by "midluteal phase" (MLP) progesterone (P) concentrations. The mean MLP-P level in nonconception cycles following hMG-hCG therapy was 25.1 +/- 2.1 ng/ml. In the pregnancies following hMG-hCG therapy, MLP-P levels were 32 ng/ml, 37 ng/ml, and 56 ng/ml. These values were associated with a singleton, twin, and triplet pregnancies, respectively. Ultrasonography revealed the number of gestational sacs within 7 GW in each instance. We suggest that assay of MLP-P is useful in women receiving regimens for induction of ovulation. Efforts may as well be made to ascertain multiple conceptions by ultrasound examinations in patients whose MLP-P levels are far above the mean MLP-P level in hMG-hCG-induced cycles.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1982

HMG-HCG therapy in patients with hypergonadotropic ovarian anovulation: one pregnancy case report and ovulation and pregnancy rate.

The aim of this study is to advocate the delivery of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) therapy to patients with hypergonadotropic ovarian anovulation (Hyper-OA). HMG-HCG therapy was carried out in six patients (16 cycles) with Hyper-OA and nine patients (26 cycles) with hypogonadotropic pituitary anovulation (Hypo-PA) as controls. In this study, two patients with Hyper-OA ovulated after HMG-HCG therapy, and one of them conceived in the next cycle of the therapy. This patient is presented in detail as a case report. The ovulation rate in Hyper-OA proved to be 33.3% of patients and 12.5% of cycles as compared with 100% of patients with Hypo-PA and 65.3% of their cycles. These results suggest that although ovulation and pregnancy rate are very low, it is worth trying HMG-HCG therapy in patients with Hyper-OA, at least for one or two cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serial monitoring of serum estradiol and progesterone levels during the HMG-HCG therapy in sex anovulatory women.

Serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels were radioimmunoassayed every or every other day for monitoring the HMG-HCG therapy in six anovulatory patients, and the clinical significance of measuring steroid hormones as precautionary counterplot against the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies was evaluated. Administration of HCG is recommended to trigger ovulation when serum E2 levels reach 400-600 pg/ml. Mean peak P level in 7-8 days after ovulation induced by HMG-HCG was 22.9 ng/ml, which is significantly higher than P levels of the same period in spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulations. This result suggests that there may occur multiple ovulations which result in multiple pregnancies in HMG-HCG therapy.

Anovulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multivariate analysis for prognostic significance of histologic subtype, GST-pi, MDR-1, and p53 in stages II-IV ovarian cancer.

It has been suggested that histologic subtype of ovarian cancer is a factor that determines the chemoresponsiveness of tumor. In this study, we wanted to clarify the prognostic significance of histologic subtype and its correlation to expression of chemoresistance-related proteins (CRPs) in ovarian cancer. A total of 93 stage II-IV ovarian cancers, where the proportion of serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell subtype was 61.3%, 14.0%, 7.5%, and 17.2%, respectively, were investigated for glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), MDR (multidrug resistance)-1, and p53 expression using immunohistochemistry. GST-pi expression was detected in 62.4% of the tumors and was not related to histologic subtype of tumor. MDR-1 expression was observed in 12.9% of the tumors tested and was more frequently detected in clear cell adenocarcinomas than other histologic subtypes of tumor (10/ 16 vs. 2 / 77, P < 0.001). P53 expression was found in 49.1% of serous, 53.8% of endometrioid, and 50% of mucinous adenocarcinomas. In contrast, none of 16 clear cell adenocarcinomas showed positive p53 staining. In univariate analysis, no direct correlations were found between CRPs and overall survival. Histology of mucinous/clear cell tumors (P = 0.0063), as well as FIGO stage III/IV (P = 0.0091) and residual tumor >or= 2 cm (P = 0.0045), was found to have independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, histologic subtype proved to be the significant independent prognostic factor in addition to FIGO stage and residual tumor in stage II-IV ovarian cancer. GST-pi, MDR-1, and p53 expression pattern is closely related to histologic subtype of ovarian cancer, although they are not significant predictors of survival.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CYP1A1 polymorphism and risk of gynecological malignancy in Japan.

The incidence of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer in Japan has been increasing in recent years. Results of epidemiologic studies suggest that the onset and multiplication of these cancers are associated with estrogen. Estrogens are metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and converted into catecholestrogens, which are carcinogens. CYP1A1 has several polymorphisms, the major one being T6235C transition in the non-coding 3'-flanking region (MspI polymorphism), and another being A4889G transition in exon 7 (Ile/Val polymorphism). These polymorphisms can affect the metabolites of estrogens and contribute to the susceptibility to gynecological malignancy. In this study, to determine whether CYP1A1 polymorphism plays a role in the development of gynecological malignancy in the Japanese population, we assessed the association of CYP1A1 polymorphism in Japanese patients with gynecological malignancy in comparison to that in controls. The odds ratios (ORs) of Ile/Val polymorphism were 1.16 in ovarian cancer patients and 1.70 in endometrial cancer patients. The ORs of MspI polymorphism were 1.33 in ovarian cancer patients and 0.88 in endometrial cancer patients. No significant association was found between these CYP1A1 polymorphisms and gynecological malignancy. Although the frequency of CYP1A1 polymorphism in the Japanese population is higher than that in the Caucasian population, CYP1A1 polymorphism is not related to gynecological malignancies in Japanese population.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A systematic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy technique in invasive cervical cancer for preserving postsurgical bladder function.

The objective of this study is to describe a technique for preserving the autonomic nerve systematically, including the hypogastric nerves, pelvic splanchnic nerves, and pelvic plexus and its vesical branches, based on anatomic considerations for the autonomic nerves innervating the urinary bladder, in radical hysterectomies and to assess postsurgical bladder function. A nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was carried out on 27 consecutive patients with uterine cervical cancer treated between 2000 and 2002. The FIGO stages of the disease consisted of 10 stage Ib1, 6 stage Ib2, 3 stage IIa, and 8 stage IIb. The nerve-sparing procedure was successfully completed in 22 of the 27 patients (81.5%) in the study. At 1 year after the operation, bladder symptoms were significantly improved in the nerve-sparing group compared to the non-nerve-sparing group. Urinary incontinence and abnormal (diminished) bladder sensation were observed in three of the five patients (two patients had both symptoms), for whom the nerve-sparing procedure could not be performed, but none of the 22 patients for whom the nerve-sparing procedure was performed had incontinence, and only two patients had abnormal (increased) bladder sensation (P= 0.0034 for incontinence and P= 0.030 for abnormal bladder sensation). The patients' survival was not adversely affected by the nerve-sparing procedure. Although it is still preliminary, the surgical technique described in this report is thought to be effective for preserving bladder function, and thus, the quality of life could be improved for patients with cervical cancer who are treated with a radical hysterectomy. For further evaluation of the efficacy of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy, a prospective randomized trial needs to be performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urodynamic study on postsurgical bladder function in cervical cancer treated with systematic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy.

The objective of this study was to assess the postsurgical bladder function by urodynamic study in patients with cervical cancer treated with nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. A total of 27 consecutive patients were included in the study. Of the 27 patients, autonomic nerves had been completely preserved at least on one side in 22 patients (group A), and autonomic nerves could not be successfully preserved in five patients (group B). In group A, there was no significant difference in compliance at the moment of strong desire to void, maximum flow rate, and residual urine volume between before the operation and at 12 months after the operation. However, abdominal pressure at maximum flow had significantly increased in patients of group B than of group A. Detrusor contraction pressure at maximum flow had significantly decreased in patients of group B than of group A. Bladder sensation was diminished in three cases (60%) of group B but preserved in all the patients of group A. Although it is still preliminary, our surgical technique described in this report is thought to be effective for preservation of bladder function. For further evaluation of the efficacy of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy in terms of quality of life and survival of patients, a prospective randomized trial needs to be performed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on the lectin reactivity of alpha-fetoprotein produced by hepatoid adenocarcinomas and yolk sac tumors.

The carbohydrate structure of glycoproteins is considered to be tissue-specific or cell type-specific, but there have been no reports on the differences of the carbohydrate structure of alpha-fetoproteins (AFPs) produced by histologically identical tumors in different tissues. The lectin affinity electrophoresis of hepatoid adenocarcinomas and yolk sac tumors from different organs suggested that either the tumor heterogeneity or the tissue specificity is possibly involved, the lectin reactivity of the AFP sugar chain structure produced by the tumors in different tissues.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiation-dependent expression of the BCL-2 proto-oncogene in the human trophoblast lineage.

OBJECTIVE: We explored the role of the BCL-2 proto-oncogene in the life cycle of trophoblast cells by examining: 1) the patterns of BCL-2 expression in normal placenta at various gestational ages and in specimens of hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinomas, and 2) the effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment of JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, which induces differentiated functions, on BCL-2. METHODS: BCL-2 protein was localized by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections and cells using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Western and Northern blotting were used to assess BCL-2 and p53 protein and mRNA levels, respectively. JEG-3 cells were transfected with a BCL-2 expression plasmid to establish that BCL-2 protein could be expressed at high levels in this cell type. RESULTS: BCL-2 immunostaining was most prominent in the syncytiotrophoblast of normal placenta. It was found in syncytiotrophoblast of complete and partial hydatidiform moles, whereas cytotrophoblast staining was weak. BCL-2 immunostaining was also barely detectable in choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3 cells) and a primary choriocarcinoma. However, BCL-2 protein could be transiently overexpressed in JEG-3 cells by transfection with an expression plasmid. Western blot analysis revealed low levels of BCL-2 in JEG-3 cells and a rise in BCL-2 protein in placental extracts from 10 weeks' gestation to term. In contrast, p53 protein was abundant in JEG-3 cells and normal placenta at 10 weeks' gestation, but low at term, BCL-2 transcripts were substantially more abundant in term placenta than in JEG-3 cells. Treatment of JEG-3 cells with 8-Br-cAMP, which induces genes characteristic of the syncytiotrophoblast, raised BCL-2 protein approximately twofold, whereas p53 mRNA declined. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that: 1) There is a differentiation-dependent pattern of BCL-2 expression in the placenta, with the protein being most abundant in terminally differentiated trophoblast cells; 2) there appears to be an inverse relation between BCL-2 and p53 expression in trophoblast; and 3) cAMP regulates BCL-2 protein in trophoblast cells. We speculate that the expression of BCL-2 in terminally differentiated trophoblast cells, and hence resistance to apoptotic cell death, may be one mechanism by which trophoblast mass is preserved during pregnancy. Conversely, the relatively low expression of BCL-2 in choriocarcinoma cells may render them more susceptible to apoptosis.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical study of cefpirome sulphate in obstetric and gynaecological infections.

Cefpirome sulphate is a fourth-generation cephem antibiotic, which has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and is highly stable to beta-lactamase. Cefpirome sulphate was administered to 166 patients with obstetric or gynaecological infections, and its clinical and antibacterial effect was evaluable in 139. Excluding seven patients who violated the study protocol by receiving concomitant drugs, the safety of cefpirome sulphate was assessed in 159 patients. In the 139 patients in whom efficacy was evaluated, the improvement rate was 80.6% (112/139) and the eradication rate 72.6% (45/62). The eradication rate for bacteria isolated from the patients at the start of the study was 84.7% (111/131). No resistance to cefpirome sulphate was observed in Enterococcus faecalis or Bacteroides species. Systemic erythema and nausea each occurred in one patient, and nine patients showed abnormal hepatic function test results. These results suggest that cefpirome sulphate is effective in the treatment of obstetric and gynaecological infections and has a good side-effect profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic and hormonal findings in a carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix.

A carcinoid tumor of the cervix in a 40-year-old woman was studied by cytology, histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and hormonal analysis. The preoperative cytologic and histologic findings strongly suggested a carcinoid tumor of the cervix. The serum serotonin level was elevated; immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of serotonin in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Following radical hysterectomy, the concentration of serotonin was measured in the excised tumor; it was about 20 times higher than the level seen in normal cervical tissue, confirming that the tumor was a serotonin-secreting carcinoid of the uterine cervix.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estrogen formation from cholesterol in rabbit preimplantation blastocysts and corpora lutea in vitro.

Rabbit blastocysts and corpora lutea (CL) obtained six days after coitus were incubated with [4-14C]cholesterol. In the CL, the conversion of [4-14C]cholesterol to radioactive progesterone was about twice that to radioactive estrone. On the other hand, in the preimplantation blastocyst, estrone formation from the substrate was far higher than progesterone formation. Both in the blastocyst and CL, [4-14C]cholesterol was least incorporated into estradiol among the steroids identified. It is suggested that steroids biosynthesized in rabbit preimplantation blastocysts and CL are quite different both in quality and in quantity at the time of implantation.

Animals↗