Characterization of low-density-lipoprotein in apolipoprotein E deficiency in a patient without coronary atherosclerosis.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
N Shimazu
Publications and source records attributed to N Shimazu.
CETP is a determinant of serum LDL-cholesterol but not HDL-cholesterol in healthy Japanese.
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is one of the factors that regulate plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol. To identify the factors that may regulate CETP activity, and to determine to what extent CETP is correlated with physiologic concentrations of lipoprotein, we performed an epidemiologic study in 586 healthy volunteers (317 males and 269 females mean age 52.2 +/- 10.9 years). CETP activity in these subjects was 192.96 +/- 48.73 (mean +/- S.D.) nmol/ml/h and distributed to a wide range (60-450 nmol/ml/h). Using multiple regression analysis, we found significant positive correlations between CETP activity and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.03), apolipoprotein (apo) E (P < 0.005) and LCAT activity (P < 0.001). CETP activities showed significant negative correlation with apo A-I (P < 0.03). However, CETP activity showed no significant correlation either with HDL cholesterol or with apo B. One-way layout analysis of variance showed that alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking significantly reduced CETP activity, but there was no significant association between CETP activity and body mass index. Although CETP activities were significantly higher in females than in males (P < 0.001), multiple regression analysis showed no correlation between CETP activity and age in either the males or the females. Our results suggest that CETP activity regulates the concentration of apo A-I and LDL-cholesterol, and that such activity may be influenced by gender, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
Adult↗
Role of acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase in intrahepatic processing of apo B-lipoprotein in suncus.
We have previously shown that fatty liver was easily induced in suncus by starvation and that the plasma level of apolipoprotein B (apoB) was very low. We also previously reported that a defect in the assembling process of apo B-containing lipoprotein (very low density lipoprotein, VLDL) may be one of the reasons for the low level of plasma apo B and for induction of fatty liver by starvation in suncus. We also found that hepatic acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity is very low in the animals, resulting in decreased cholesteryl ester contents in the liver. A deficiency of cholesteryl ester in suncus liver may be one of the reasons for the defect in the assembling process of VLDL. In this study, we investigated the effect of cholesterol-feeding, which induces an increase in triglyceride and cholesteryl ester of the liver as a consequence of the induction of both intestinal and hepatic ACAT activities, on the secretion of VLDL. Although the basal ACAT activity of intestinal mucosa was high, cholesterol-feeding did not induce either an increase in plasma lipid or an increase in intestinal ACAT activities in suncus. The hepatic secretion rate of VLDL was estimated by treatment with Triton WR1339, which is well known to inhibit the catabolism of VLDL. Cholesterol-feeding caused a slight increase in hepatic triglyceride and cholesteryl ester but no increase either in the secretion rate of VLDL or in hepatic ACAT activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Importance of impairment of the airway epithelium for ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.
We examined the relationship between ozone (O3)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in guinea pigs. Inhalation of methacholine (MCh) was adopted in the time course study of AHR that was assessed by measuring pulmonary inflation pressure after O3 exposure (3 ppm, for 2 hr) because the degree of AHR detected by inhalation of MCh was greater than that detected by i.v. administration. AHR was detected up to 5 hr after O3 exposure and was not observed at 24 and 48 hr. In the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) study, the numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in BAL fluid (BALF) reached maximum at 24 hr or later. On the other hand, the number of airway epithelial cells in the BALF significantly increased at 2 and 5 hr. In the histological study, disorder and impairment of the airway epithelium in the trachea and lung were observed at 2 and 5 hr. Changes in the airway epithelium were recovered at 48 hr, although an increase in leukocytes was observed in the lung. These results indicate that O3-induced AHR in guinea pigs is most probably associated with impairment of the epithelium rather than with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Peripheral anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms.
Two cases of peripheral anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms are reported. The first case was a 60-year-old man who showed frequent attacks of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and hearing disturbance. His aneurysm was obliterated by trapping the AICA and his neurologic status was unchanged compared with preoperatively. The second case had SAH without cranial nerve involvement; this aneurysm was obliterated by neck clipping. He was discharged without neurologic deficit. Peripheral AICA aneurysm has already been reported in 48 cases including arteriovenous malformation-associated cases. This aneurysm may show cranial nerve involvement (seventh and eighth) without SAH as in the case of internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysms. We review the clinical signs of these cases and discuss them from the point of view of anatomic variations of the AICA and internal auditory artery.
Aged↗
[Thalamic infarction in young adult caused by embolism from an unruptured aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery--a case report].
A 21-year-old man presented with sudden weakness and dysesthesia of his right limbs. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a low density area in the posterolateral part of the left thalamus. Right vertebral angiography revealed a small aneurysm at the P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated intra-aneurysmal clot and signal void in the residual lumen. There were no other lesion and no predisposing risk factors that produced cerebral ischemia. It was thought that the aneurysm was the source of emboli resulting in thalamic infarction. The patient underwent a left subtemporal craniotomy, and the aneurysm was clipped. Following surgery, there has been no recurrence of ischemic attacks. The diagnosis and the therapy were discussed, with reference to the literature.
Adult↗
Systemic histopathology of rats with CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis.
Systemic histopathological examinations were carried out on rats with CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis. Moderate congestion in the spleen, prominent oedema in the focal acinar cell degeneration in the pancreas, marked haemorrhage and phagocytosis of haemosiderin by macrophages in the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, appearance of monocytes bearing haemosiderin-like granules in the pulmonary arteries and cardiac right atrium, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were consistently observed in rats with hepatic cirrhosis. In addition, a marked increase in number of target cells and the appearance of a small number of monocytes bearing haemosiderin-like granules were also commonly found in the peripheral blood smears of these animals. These findings are considered to be important in the use of the CCl4-induced model of hepatic cirrhosis in the rat.
Animals↗
Brain metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma--case report.
A rare case of brain metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma is reported. The cerebral metastasis was surgically treated without irradiation despite the presence of a spinal metastasis. No recurrence was demonstrated by computed tomography 1 year postoperatively. We suggest that surgery is indicated for a brain metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma even if other metastatic lesions are present.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
[Tuberous sclerosis with intraventricular tumor: report of 2 cases].
It is well known that intraventricular tumors are occasionally seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis. We have experienced two cases of tuberous sclerosis with intraventricular tumor. Case 1: an 8-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic because of headache and vomiting of one month's duration. She had adenoma sebaceum, mental retardation and seizures clinically, and a large tumor was found in the right lateral ventricle by pneumoventriculography. Partial removal of the tumor was performed by the right frontal transcortical approach, but she later died of pneumonia. Necropsy revealed hamartomatous disease characterized by multiple focal tumor-like malformations in various organs including the brain, kidneys, heart, lungs and liver. The histological diagnosis of the intraventricular tumor was subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Case 2: a 6-year-old boy was admitted to our clinic because of headache of one year's duration. He had also suffered from seizures since 6 months of age. Adenoma sebaceum was noted in the cheeks. CT revealed a medium sized tumor at the right foramen of Monro and the moderately dilated right lateral ventricle and several calcified deposits in the lateral ventricle wall. The tumor was subtotally removed by the right frontal transcortical approach. The pathological examination showed subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Now 6 years after the operation he is enjoying a normal school life. In our cases, intraventricular tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis were of a typically benign histological appearance, that is subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Astrocytoma↗
[Effect of calcium antagonist (diltiazem) on symptomatic cerebral vasospasm--with special reference to CT classification].
CT is important for detecting subarachnoid clots and intracerebral or intraventricular hemorrhage. The presence of subarachnoid clots surrounding the cerebral arteries may be one of the causes of cerebral vasospasm. It is agreed that there is a correspondence between the site of subarachnoid clots and the location of cerebral vasospasm. The authors have already reported that the appearance and severity of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm were not affected by calcium antagonists (Diltiazem), but the prognosis improved significantly for 105 patients (especially Hunt-Hess grade II and III) at the 3-month follow-up examination. In this study, the above 105 patients, each with a ruptured supratentorial aneurysm, were classified preoperatively according to Fisher's CT grading system and the effect of Diltiazem was re-examined. Patients in Hunt-Hess grade V were excluded and the duration of treatment with Diltiazem was 2 weeks following the operation. 105 cases (Diltiazem) were compared as a control group with 100 cases who were operated on before the administration of Diltiazem. The frequency of occurrence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm tended to decline in patients with a CT grade of 2 or 3, and the prognosis improved significantly for 105 patients including 32 cases with symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. The preliminary results here indicate that Diltiazem might be especially effective for patients of Hunt-Hess grade II and III with CT grades of 2 and 3.
Adult↗
[Discussion: lack of maternal love in modern society and the role of midwives].
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Maternal Deprivation↗