Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N Skurnik.
Following two cases of young patients, issued of african immigration or mixed franco-african couple, and presenting antisocial acts, the authors are wondering about the relationship between identity and ethnic troubles. They think it may be a clinical "message" of troubles, joining cultural distress and separation anxiety, on an obvious oedipian found.
After many years of psychotic evolution, many patients reach a degree of stability which, without being the equivalent of autonomy, enables them to maintain a psychological and behavioral equilibrium if the psychiatric and social services may fit for the particularities of each case. Thus, psychosis may remain stable within its socio-dependence, if management is adapted to its structure and history, and finally to its vulnerability and predispositions.
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History and Psychiatry are two different disciplines, but very often psychiaters have, for the sake of their discipline, used historical elements; and the reverse is true. The most frequent approach is to look into history in order to understand Psychiatry, the reverse being unusual. Few examples of psychiaters or historians approaching psychiatry in order to understand history can be provided: Sparta, Luther and Nazism. Some of these historians and psychiaters have studied still more limited phenomenons and in this field, we must say that the Schreber's case, as well as the education of D. G. Schreber, has been the most studied case. We think that these studies mostly carried up by psychiaters or psychologists, have left aside something essential: the part of D. G. Schreber in the German national revival. There has been an exaggeration of his part of pedagogue and above all an exaggeration of the causalities between all this, nazism and the 20th century. Therefore, what we are trying to do by studying the education of D. G. Schreber as well as the psychosis of D. P. Schreber is an attempt of clarification, an attempt that will take into account the period in which they lived.
The teaching of medical psychology as early as the first years of the training of the students in the medical school seems to us something essential. We think this teaching would have to be early be conducted in little group and integrate the fact of the hospital first experiences they have to undergo. That several elements will be studied now in this communication.
The development of attitudes towards the mentally ill, the progress of psychotherapeutic care and medicines, allowed the looking after of psychotic patients outside of the hospital institution, while keeping their social links with their personal environment. The setting up of alternative structures in the context of the communitary psychiatry was supposed to enable the reinsertion of the stabilized psychotic patients. In Paris, the lack of such structures, and the difficult socio-economic context condemn these patients to drifting aimlessly, locked out of any institution, which worsen their pathological state. These "deinstitutionalized" patients cause a serious problem for the Health system.
This text intends to tackle one of the aspects of psychosomatic interactions in cancer: the patient's irrational cognitions related to his trouble. The authors design as cognitive process (CP) the mental work implying the production and the evolution of personal cognitions bound to a personal event. In cancer, CP often drives the subject to adopt irrational points of view concerning his disease, which onset is readily described as a consequence of significant life events; in such explanations, the part of hazard is excluded. The authors suggest that spontaneous CP may be useful helping the patient to avoid strong depressive affects, to alleviate feelings of anger or despair and to improve self-esteem threatened by the illness. The authors consider that using CP concept may be an accurate tool in psychotherapy of patients suffering from cancer. Therapeutic strategies may tend to favour the CP development so that the subject's conceptions stabilize on an ego-syntonic level.
For more than 14 years, the news have been full of extraordinary stories in which victims of violent and long hostage-taking sometime agree with offenders. They become efficient propagandists. In what kind of situation can these facts happen? What criterions and parameters must be studied to understand the mechanism of what is usually called Stockholm Syndrome. This is what is developed here.
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