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Biomedical subjects

N Stark

Publications and source records attributed to N Stark.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of intraluminal and extracorporeal inferior vena caval bypass on canine hemodynamics.

OBJECTIVE: To compare inferior vena cava-right atrial extracorporeal bypass with intraluminal atriocaval shunting during hepatic vascular isolation. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult mongrel dogs (n = 5) weighing 20 to 27 kg. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthetized dogs underwent laparotomy and sternotomy for vascular isolation. For atriocaval shunting, 20- and 24-Fr intraluminal shunts were inserted into the inferior vena cava via right atriotomy. For extracorporeal bypass, each animal underwent inferior vena cava, portal vein, and right atrial cannulation for venovenous bypass, utilizing a centrifugal pump. Hemodynamic data were recorded at baseline and at intervals after caval occlusion, Pringle maneuver, and caval occlusion with Pringle maneuver. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Isolated Pringle maneuver and caval occlusion with Pringle maneuver produced significant reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output, irrespective of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. Extracorporeal bypass, including both caval and portal venous return, produced significant increases in MAP and cardiac output during caval occlusion with Pringle maneuver, while atriocaval shunting and extracorporeal bypass without portal venous return did not improve MAP or cardiac output. CONCLUSION: Venovenous extracorporeal bypass with portal return, acting as a right ventricular assist device, is superior to intraluminal atriocaval shunting in maintaining hemodynamic stability during hepatic vascular isolation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A nutrition support team quality assurance plan.

The Nutrition Support Team at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center is responsible for the development of guidelines related to the provision of both total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition support. A Quality Assurance plan which was approved by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of HealthCare Organizations was implemented by the Nutrition Support Team. This plan addresses: nutritional assessment and consultation, indications for enteral and parenteral nutrition support, provision of optimal nutrition support including attainment of nutritional goals, and the prevention, detection, and management of complications. The indicators and criteria for each aspect of care are described. This program has provided documentation of the activities of the Nutrition Support Team as well as data defining the patient population requiring specialized nutrition support, and has helped identify areas where improvement is required.

Dietary Services↗
PubMed1987

Surgical birth: interpretations of cesarean delivery among private hospital patients and nursing staff.

Cesarean delivery, although classified by medical practitioners as major surgery, is simultaneously defined as childbirth by both specialists and laypeople. Women experiencing cesarean delivery, therefore, confront a contradiction which affects postpartum treatment by nursing staff and expectations by family and the postcesarean patient regarding appropriate responses to delivery. Elicitation of the explanatory models of cesarean patients in a private Dallas hospital indicates the ambiguity in the definition of the cesarean reflecting more general trends in American obstetrics. Further, the data demonstrate the limited influence of the natural childbirth movement and the acceptance of technological intervention at birth in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective randomized evaluation of two regimens for converting from continuous to intermittent feedings in patients with feeding gastrostomies.

Forty enterally fed male patients were randomized to one of two regimens designed to determine the better means of converting them from continuous to intermittent enteral feedings. All patients received a nutritionally complete iso-osmolal 1 kcal/cc formula containing 6 g of nitrogen/L beginning on the second postgastrostomy day. Half of the patients (20) were randomized to a discontinuous regimen abruptly changing from continuous to gradually increasing intermittent feedings until reaching their nutritional goals. Intravenous fluids were given to maintain normal fluid balance. The other 20 patients were randomized to an overlapping regimen, receiving continuous feedings at a decreasing rate while intermittent feedings were progressively increased. Intravenous fluids were used during the first three stages only. There were no significant differences (p less than 0.05) in major diagnosis, type of gastrostomy, age, weight, height, admission or discharge serum albumin concentration, calculated basal energy expenditure (BEE), or nutrient goals (1.5 X BEE, 1.5 g of protein/kg per day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diarrhea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implications of the situated learning model for teaching and learning nursing research.

Situated learning theory is gaining increased attention in the fields of human cognition and learning. The authors discuss the key researchers and basic assumptions of situated learning, and outline implications for the design and development of instruction. The authors describe how they applied the situated model to teaching and learning nursing research, an area identified as problematic for staff, administrators, and educators. They describe their personal observations and discuss feedback from participants at the workshop. The authors conclude that the situated model is useful for exposing nurses with little prior research experience to this domain of knowledge.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗