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Biomedical subjects

N Stormby

Publications and source records attributed to N Stormby.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Studies on the distribution of abnormal cells in cytological smears. VII. Cervical brush versus plastic and wooden spatulas.

A model system of exfoliated normal human cervicovaginal squamous cells, exfoliated rodent tumor cells, and acellular, viscous, mucuslike material was used to investigate cell deposition on smear preparations made with three different instruments: plastic spatulas, wooden spatulas, and brush-tipped collectors. The total number of exfoliated cells and the total number of tumor cells present within the randomly distributed holes were then recorded for 41 smear preparations. For smears done with the brush, a total of 47,146 exfoliated cells were recorded; with wooden spatulas, 4517 cells; and with plastic spatulas, 7648 cells. When the brush was used, 6905 tumor cells were recorded. When wooden or plastic spatulas were applied, 563 and 1132 tumor cells were found, respectively. Thus, the brush yielded 12.2 and 6.1 times more tumor cells than plastic and wooden spatulas, respectively.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1990

Effect of combined treatment with phenylpropanolamine and estriol, compared with estriol treatment alone, in postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence.

Twenty-nine postmenopausal women with slight to severe stress urinary incontinence and estrogen deficiency symptoms in the urogenital tract were treated with estriol, p.o. 4 mg once daily, and either phenylpropanolamine (PPA), p.o. 50 mg twice daily, or placebo for periods of 6 weeks according to a randomized double-blind crossover schedule. At urodynamic recordings the maximum urethral closure pressure increased by 22% with combined treatment (p less than 0.001) and an additional effect of PPA to estriol was shown (p = 0.022). The pressure transmission ratio increased, by about 15%, with both treatments (p less than 0.07). The number of leakage episodes was reduced by 28% with combined treatment (p = 0.007), but not with estriol alone (p = 0.08). Both combined treatment and estriol alone reduced significantly (p less than 0.01) the urinary incontinence complaints. Twelve women (43%) preferred combined treatment, while 7 (25%) preferred estriol alone. In women with initially slight to very severe urine loss, combined treatment reduced also (p = 0.02) the amount of urine loss, measured at a standardized physical stress test. Signs of estrogen deficiency in vulva, vagina and urethra were reduced, 75% (p less than 0.001) or 65% (p = 0.001) with estriol given in combination with PPA or alone. Maturation index of both urethral and vaginal epithelium displayed significant changes. It is concluded that the combined treatment, PPA + estriol, by affecting both the muscular and mucosal factor of the urethra, is more effective than estriol alone for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence in the postmenopausal ages.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the urethral mucosa before and after oestrogen treatment in postmenopausal women with a new sampling technique.

Using a new type of nylon brush (Cytobrush) for sampling of cells, the state of the urethral mucosa was evaluated before and after oestrogen treatment in 10 patients suffering from urinary incontinence. In 4 other patients the results obtained were compared with those using the conventional cotton swab technique. The brush specimens were found to be much more cellular and consequently more informative than those obtained with the conventional technique. The cytologic examination based on brush samples also demonstrated that oestrogen treatment within 3 weeks induced a proliferation of the atrophic urethral mucosa in postmenopausal women suffering from urinary incontinence.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Screening for endometrial carcinoma by endouterine aspiration cytology with analysis of tumor markers in the aspirates. Development and application of a new screening technique.

A new endometrial aspiration technique for office screening of endometrial carcinoma without an anesthesia was studied. In patients without apparent signs of cervical canal stenosis, all of whom were 50 years of age or older, the aspiration attempt was successful in 96%. The aspirates were used for cytologic study and tumor marker assays. The results indicate that screening for endometrial carcinoma should be based on the determination of biochemical tumor markers in the uterine fluid. Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is recommended as a primary marker, determined as total LD and as LD isoenzyme activity. Endometrial cytology is recommended as a supplementary screening technique in selected cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the distribution of abnormal cells in cytologic preparations. VI. Pressure exerted by the gynecologist during smearing.

A model system consisting of exfoliated abnormal cells and acellular viscous, mucus-like material was used to investigate the effect of the pressure exerted during smearing on the number of abnormal cells present in the preparations. Smears were made with a cotton swab applicator from left to right with parallel strokes, without overlapping smearing and without rotating the instrument of cell collection. Light and heavy pressures done during smearing procedure were recorded by the aid of an automatic scale. By means of the smearing technique, a gradual decrease in the total number of cells was recorded along the pathway of smearing. By using heavy pressure, however, cell accumulation also occurred at the end of the pathway of the last smearing strokes. Smears made with heavy pressure contained 13% more tumor cells than those made with light pressure. It is concluded that the pressure exerted by the operator during smearing may be an important parameter influencing both the number and the distribution of abnormal cells on smear preparations. These considerations may be of significance in screening programs for tumor cell detection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Age at menarche, urine estrogens and breast cancer risk.

In 511 nulliparous women aged 15-19 years and 347 aged 30-39, an analysis has been undertaken of the relationship of urine concentrations of the three principal estrogens to age, age at menarche and Quetelet's index of adiposity. The analysis was undertaken by means of multiple regression, controlling for each of the 12 centers from which the data originated, as well as for the other study variables. In the younger women, age was strongly and positively related to concentrations of E1 and E2 and less so to E3. In the age group 30-39, follicular phase specimens showed positive relationships with age for all three fractions but luteal specimens did not. Age at menarche showed inverse relationships to levels of E1 and E2 which were significant in the younger but not in the older age group. The associations of estrogens with Quetelet's index were weak and not statistically significant. The data suggest that women whose menarche occurs early not only have a longer duration of exposure to estrogens during years which are probably important in the initiation of breast cancer but, in addition, their exposures are at a higher level during those years and probably at later ages also. These observations support the hypothesis that the mechanism of the association of early menarche with breast cancer risk is via the association of both with estrogen stimulus.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Cyclic variation of the cellular components in human uterine fluid.

Endometrial glandular cells and mononuclear phagocytic cells dominated the samples of undiluted uterine fluid obtained at different stages of the menstrual cycle whereas granulocytes were present in much lower numbers. Mast cells were occasionally found. The number of each cell type was significantly decreased in the luteal phase as compared to the midcycle and premenstrual phases. Phagocytic activity of the mononuclear cells was also significantly decreased in the luteal phase. Low numbers of inflammatory cells and low phagocytic activity during the luteal phase may be important for survival of the blastocyst in the event of conception.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Enzyme cytochemical studies of the mononuclear phagocytic cells in human uterine fluid.

Mononuclear phagocytic cells were present in normal uterine fluid. All transitional forms between monocytes and mature macrophages could be distinguished. The content of lysosomal enzymes in these cells was found to be identical to that of blood monocytes, which validates the hypothesis of their origin. Mononuclear phagocytic cells were more numerous in the uterine fluid aspirated from women with an intrauterine device (IUD). Furthermore, the activity levels of lysosomal enzymes in these cells were higher in the group of IUD users than in the nonusers, indicating a higher phagocytic activity of such cells in the IUD group, possibly secondary to the inflammatory process.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

The cellular composition of uterine fluid in IUD users - a quantitative study.

The cellular composition of uterine fluid was studied quantitatively in 75 IUD users and 48 non-users. In the IUD group the number of granulocytes was increased about 300 times above that of the non-IUD group, whereas the numbers of mononuclear phagocytic cells and lymphocytes were increased by a factor of 30. Endometrial glandular cells were not quantitatively affected by the presence of an IUD. Granulocytes constituted nearly two-thirds and mononuclear phagocytic cells nearly one-third of the total cell count in the IUD group. Mast cells wee found more frequently and eosinophilia occurred more often in the uterine fluid of IUD users.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Screening of endometrial carcinoma by lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme analysis of uterine fluid.

Determination of total activity for lactate dehydrogenase (LD) as well as electrophoretic separation and quantitative determination of the individual LD-isoenzymes was performed in 431 samples of uterine fluid obtained by the Gravlee Jet Wash technique or a described simple device for endouterine aspiration. The isoenzyme pattern for each menstrual phase was characteristic. The study population included 18 patients with endouterine neoplasia. All these malignancies were characterized by increased total LD-activity and/or abnormal distribution of the individual LD-isoenzymes compared to proliferative phase and would consequently have been discriminated at postmenstrual or postmenopausal examination. The LD-enzyme technique proved to be more accurate than cytology with approximately the same number of false positives.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Screening of endometrial carcinoma by jet wash and endouterine aspiration cytology.

The results obtained from the use of a new instrument designed to simplify endometrial aspiration were compared to those obtained by Gravlee Jet Wash. The observed difference in accuracy in the diagnosis of endometrial neoplasia between Jet Wash (95 per cent) and endouterine aspiration (91 per cent) is discussed. It is concluded that endometrial cytology by either method is a valuable complement to the Panpanicolaou smear in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. The new endouterine aspiration instrument is recommended because of its greater simplicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Early diagnostic signs in the development of a fallopian tube carcinoma.

A woman is presented in whom cellular atypia and signs of abnormal fibrinolysis in a jet washing caused persistent suspicion of malignancy after a benign curettage. Nearly 3 years later a fallopian tube carcinoma was diagnosed. The value of determination of biological markers of neoplasia in addition to the cytologic interpretation of uterine fluid is emphasized.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

A study of cryosurgery for dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix.

We studied 22 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of severe dysplasia and 89 patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Twenty patients (18 per cent) had negative cervical smears for four to six years after diagnosis by biopsy of the cervix. The 91 patients with persistently abnormal smears were treated by cryosurgery, using a double freeze technique with nitrous oxide. Seventy-four (86 per cent) had persistently normal cervical smears after one treatment and eight after a second treatment while nine patients required conization for recurrently abnormal cervical smears. The duration of follow-up was five or six years in 48 patients (53 per cent). In a subsidiary study, material was obtained for histological examination from 72 patients with normal smears by endocervical curettage and multiple biopsies of the cervix; 8 showed slight atypia and 2 had residual carcinoma in situ.

Adolescent↗