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N Sudo

Publications and source records attributed to N Sudo.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Immunohistological demonstration of ACTH-like immunoreactivity in the foetal adrenal medulla in the 23rd week of gestation.

By an indirect immunofluorescence technique and silver impregnation, cells reacting with anti-1-18 ACTH antiserum were demonstrated in the foetal adrenal medulla only in the 23rd week of gestation. They were not found in the foetal adrenal glands before the 23rd week or after 29th week and after birth. The result was confirmed by immunohistological examination using anti-1-18ACTH rabbit IgG purified by affinity chromatography. No cells in the foetal adrenal medulla in the 23rd week of gestation were stained positively by using anti-beta-MSH and anti-beta-endorphin antisera. This finding suggested, therefore, that the synthetic mechanism of ACTH-like immunoreactivity in the foetal adrenal glands was different from that in the pituitary. In view of the findings that some phaeochromocytoma contained ACTH-like immunoreactivity, the present study suggested that the origin of the phaeochromocytoma congested that the origin of the phaeochromocytoma containing ACTH-like immunoreactivity may be the cells of the foetal adrenal medulla in about the 23rd week of gestation.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1980

[Immunological analyses on serum spermagglutinin in women (author's transl)].

Several sperm agglutination tests have been described. We also had reported a method of Microscale sperm agglutination test (MAT) modified to Friberg procedure. The critical evaluation whether this test is based on immunologic or not was investigated in this study. Seven sera positive for MAT and 2 control sera were used as the materials. Four different chromatographic analyses were utilized. The following results were obtained. a) Study using Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 showed the sperm agglutination was observed in only IgM-containing fraction and IgG-containing fractions. b) Study on two control sera failed to show the sperm agglutination in any fractions. c) Agglutinating activity was found to be almost paralleled to the concentrations of IgG as well as IgM. d) Relative activity of sperm agglutination was found being higher in IgM-containing fractions than in IgG-containing fractions. 3) Affinity chromatography and chromatography using DE-32 revealed that sperm agglutination was found in isolated IgG fraction. f) F(ab')2 fraction obtained by pepsin digestion on isolated IgG also showed the sperm agglutination but not in Fc fraction. As a conclusion, agglutinins detectable by Microscale agglutination test are most likely antibodies to the spermatozoa.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical application of the evoked spinal cord potentials. Part 1. Neurophysiological assessment of the evoked spinal cord potentials in experimental cord trauma - with reference to cord compression and ischemia (author's transl)].

Numerous investigators endeavored to make clear pathophysiological changes in a traumatic spinal cord lesion. The development of neuroscience contributed to have an influence on methods of these researches. This study was undertaken to assess electrophysiological changes resulting from variable periods of experimental spinal cord compression or ischemia by using the evoked spinal cord potentials. Experiments were performed on dogs. Following laminectomies at Th7-9 and L3-4 levels under anesthesia, cord injuries were produced at the lower thoracic level by inflation of an extradurally placed balloon which produced slow graded compression of cord dorsum. Evoked spinal cord potentials to sciatic nerve stimulation were recorded from bipolar electrodes in the midline dorsal subdural space at the operative sites. The normal wave forms of two responses consisted of initially positive triphasic potentials (P1, N1, P2). The conduction velocity of the ascending afferent from the leg was found on the average to be 54.8 +/- 9.7 m/sec between lumbar and dorsal cord. On the basis of the conduction velocities and the responses to stimulus intensities, the afferent volley recorded in the present experiments might reflect synaptic cord afferent pathways originated without Group I fibers in the cord dorsum which were situated ipsilateral to the stimulated nerve. After inflation of the balloon with 0.1 cc of water, spinal canal narrowing rate increased to 14.3 +/- 2.9%. The evoked spinal cord potentials in the lead rostral to the site of compression began to decrease in amplitude. When more water was added into the balloon up to 0.4 - 0.6 cc, spinal canal narrowing rate was enhanced to 42.5 - 77.7% in which potentials were abolished. P2 wave was the first to be abolished and subsequently N1, P1 disappeared in order. On the other hand, the potentials reappeared after decompression in the reverse of their disappearance in order. Responses in dogs with complete recovery from paraplegia returned to the precompression wave pattern both in the amplitude and in latency. On the contrary, in dogs with spastic paraparesis, the recovery of wave form was shown as P1, N1 or P1, N1 with depressed P2. Despite this variability, the evoked response from animals with reversible cord injury were discernible in the early period of spinal shock phase. The degree of recovery varied and had no linear relationship to the recovery grade of clinical symptoms. The experimental cord ischemia was made by inflation of a balloon catheter which was inserted from femoral artery into the upper thoracic aorta. The evoked spinal cord potentials were recorded at the midthoracic and lumbar level. Changes of wave form resulting from the ischemic period of 30 minutes were first the amplitude loss of N1 and subsequently that of P2, P1. On the other hand, the responses gradually returned to their pre-ischemic characteristic about 30 minutes after circulatory reestablishment...

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical application of the evoked spinal cord potentials. Part 2: Neurophysiological assessment of the evoked spinal cord potentials in cervical lesion (author's transl)].

On the basis of the results of the previous experiments, the evoked spinal cord potentials may prove useful in evaluating clinical aspects of human spinal cord function. The purpose of this paper is to interpret and compare wave form characteristics which were recorded from electrodes placed on the cervical lamina of patients with cervical cord lesion. The investigation were performed on 53 subjects including 7 normal volunteers. The evoked spinal cord potentials to median or ulnar nerve stimulation were recorded from electrodes placed on the cervical lamina. Routinely, 100 responses were summated by a averaging computer. The normal response consisted of initially positive triphasic potentials (P1, N1,P2). The latency of P1 was 8.3 +/- 0.6 msec. In 13 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, responses were consistently identified as P1, N1, P2 in all cases although they decreased in amplitude, increased in duration and latency. The changes of response did not always concern with the severity of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, in 23 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, it was possible to differentiate 4 types of potentials. They were remnant of P1, N1, P2(3 cases), decrease of P2 (2 cases), decrease of N1 (9 cases) and decrease or disappearance of N1, P2 (9 cases). In 9 cases showing decrease or disappearance of N1, P2 severe myelopathy was found clinically. These results suggest that the evoked spinal cord potentials may be helpful to assess the severity of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, wave form characteristics should be carefully analyzed because responses do not accurately reflect the extent of lesion. Recordings were also performed on 7 patients with cervical cord injury. In 1 case clinically judged to be complete transverse cord injury, responses in leads at the level of the lesion yielded a positive deflection followed by the first spike wave (P1). This would be expected with a killed end potential which arises in the level of cord lesion. However this potential could not be always detected in patients with complete cord injury but found in experimental animals. It is hoped that further refinement of these techniques may lead to methods that will be of value clinically for assessing the severity of a lesion and the prognosis for recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of 3-minute semiquantitative test kit for urinary estrogens of pregnant women.

A 3-minute rapid slide assay of total urinary estrogens is available for testing in pregnant women. This is a semiquantitative, immunologic competitive latex agglutination inhibition slide test, which is reported in levels (level 1: less than 5 mg/liter, level 2: greater than or equal to 5 mg/liter, level 3: greater than or equal to 10 mg/liter, level 4: greater than or equal to 20 mg/liter). With the use of this kit, the results of 100 samples of pregnancy urine were compared with the results from a chemical colorimetric assay procedure. There was 94% agreement between these 2 methods. There was no 2-step difference in grading. The probable future usefulness of this kit is described because of its rapidity and simplicity in testing. Its limitations are also discussed.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed1975

Obstetric aspects of the Guillan-Barré syndrome.

Two additional cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome complicating pregnancy are reported and the 25 previously published cases reviewed. While fetal prognosis is generally favorable, the occurrence of the disease in late pregnancy is a high-rish maternal condition. Respiratory failure and aspiration pneumonitis may result in premature labor and maternal mortality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing collagen-induced autoimmune ear disease.

In 1981, the authors described a type II collagen-induced autoimmune ear disease (CIAED) model. The purpose of this study was to gather further evidence that this is a sound animal model to use in evaluating inner ear diseases. The temporal bone lesions of CIAED in Lewis and Wistar rats were characterized by the presence of sensorineural hearing loss with mild atrophy of the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion degeneration, vestibular dysfunction with vacuolar degeneration of the crista ampullaris, otospongiosis-like lesions in the tympanic annules, cochlear vasculitis, and eustachian tube disease. Both cellular and humoral immune responses to type II collagen were demonstrated. The induction of ear lesions depends on many factors. In general, animals immunized with antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant showed relatively more severe lesions than animals immunized with antigens in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, but the duration of the immunization seems to be a more important factor in reproducing severe lesions. The strain and the source of the animals are also important factors in autoimmune inner ear diseases, as is the condition of the host animals. Subclinical or clinical mycoplasma infection in the rat markedly reduced the incidence and severity of lesions in type II collagen-induced arthritis. Many researchers did not consider sialoductal adenovirus, widely present among laboratory rats, a lesion-producing factor in rats. Although many factors influence the induction and severity of CIAED, these animal models provide an excellent new avenue of inner ear research.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The restraint stress-induced elevation in plasma interleukin-6 negatively regulates the plasma TNF-alpha level.

Although a considerable amount of evidence has shown that physical and psychological stress elevates the plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, the physiological significance of such an elevation remains to be elucidated. In this study, in order to determine whether the restraint stress-induced elevation of plasma IL-6 contributes to the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and whether or not such elevation can affect the inflammatory processes, the plasma levels of ACTH, corticosterone, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in mice pretreated with anti-IL-6 antibody (MP5-20F3 monoclonal antibody) were compared with those in mice pretreated with rat IgG (control antibody) both during and after stress. Both the anti-IL-6-antibody- and control-antibody-pretreated mice showed the same extent of plasma ACTH and corticosterone increases during stress, and no significant difference was found between the two groups of animals. On the other hand, the level of plasma TNF-alpha in the anti-IL-6-treated animals was also significantly higher than that in the control animals both immediately after cessation of stress and 60 min after the cessation of the 120-min period of restraint. Plasma IL-1 activity, however, did not reach a detectable level in either group of animals at any time point examined. These results thus indicate that the restraint-stress-induced elevation of plasma IL-6 negatively regulates the plasma TNF-alpha levels and may thus contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restraint stress causes tissue-specific changes in the immune cell distribution.

In this study, the effect of restraint stress on alterations in the immune cell distribution was examined in bone marrow, liver, thymus, and spleen. In bone marrow, stress induced a striking increase in both the proportion and number of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, B220brightIgM+, CD3-IL-2R beta + and CD3intIL-2R beta + cells. Such an increase was partially reversed by pretreatment with RU-486, a steroid receptor antagonist, while it was profoundly enhanced by either sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide or by a beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist; this suggests that corticosteroids and catecholamines may act in opposition with regard to such an immune-cell accumulation in bone marrow. In the liver, stress decreased the proportions of CD3intIL-2R beta +, CD3-IL-2R beta +, and B220brightIgM+ cells, while it increased the proportion of CD3brightIL-2R beta-cells, thus demonstrating that different subpopulations were differentially affected. In the thymus and spleen, stress only slightly affected the proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations, although both tissues showed a drastic reduction in the number of lymphocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that restraint stress induces tissue-specific changes in the immune-cell distribution.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on collagen-induced autoimmune inner ear disease.

Animals that had collagen-induced autoimmune inner ear disease were treated with anti-inflammatory drugs: Solu-Medrol (steroid), sulindac (nonsteroid), or a combination of both. Temporal bones from drug-treated animals were examined for histopathologic and immunohistochemical changes, and sera were examined for levels of circulating antibody to type II collagen. Therapy was beneficial to the animals whether the drugs were administered alone or in combination; however, fewer lesions were observed in animals given either drug alone. Further, animals treated with steroid alone showed the least amount of inner ear damage. Immunohistochemical changes and serum levels of antibodies against type II collagen correlated with the pathologic changes. These findings suggest that both steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of autoimmune ear disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Collagen components of bovine fetal and guinea pig cochlear bone and human stapes.

Collagenous components were isolated chemically from fetal bovine or guinea pig cochlear bone and human stapes after stapedectomy, and the purified protein was characterized by immunoblot assay and amino acid analysis. The results of this study suggest that these are mixtures of type I and type II collagens. The presence of type II collagen in the human stapes also was demonstrated by immunohistologic methods using monoclonal antibody. The presence of type II collagen in these tissues is significant, since it has been postulated as an autoantigen in autoimmune inner ear disease.

Amino Acids↗