Biomedical subjects

N Tang

Publications and source records attributed to N Tang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

A prospective case-control study of ankle fracture in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: To compare bone mineral density of women with postmenopausal ankle fractures with controls and review patient characteristics, injury mechanisms, and outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. SETTING: University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS: Women older than 60 years, admitted with ankle fractures between 2002 and 2003 and controls (age-matched women with femoral neck fractures). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data, bone mineral density, mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, treatment, and the functional outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the study group (18 ankle fracture patients) was 74 years. The fractures usually resulted from a low-energy trauma; isolated lateral malleolar fracture was the most common (8/18), whilst six had bimalleolar fractures. Their mean T-score bone mineral density values at the spine and hip were -1.67 and -1.70, respectively; corresponding Z-scores were +0.73 and +0.99. The bone mineral density of the study group was significantly higher than in patients with fractured neck of femur (controls) and the general population (P<0.05). Nine of the study group had diabetes and one had impaired glucose tolerance. Treatment comprised casting in 10 patients and operative fixation in seven. Good functional recovery was achieved; most patients were able to resume their premorbid level of independent daily activities with a good motor functional independence score (85.18/91) 1 year post-injury. CONCLUSION: In this case-control study, postmenopausal ankle fractures were not associated with osteoporosis. Diabetic neuropathy may have been a risk factor for such injury. The functional outcome of such patients was generally satisfactory, provided appropriate treatment was given.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Breast and ovarian cancer risks to carriers of the BRCA1 5382insC and 185delAG and BRCA2 6174delT mutations: a combined analysis of 22 population based studies.

A recent report estimated the breast cancer risks in carriers of the three Ashkenazi founder mutations to be higher than previously published estimates derived from population based studies. In an attempt to confirm this, the breast and ovarian cancer risks associated with the three Ashkenazi founder mutations were estimated using families included in a previous meta-analysis of populatrion based studies. The estimated breast cancer risks for each of the founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were similar to the corresponding estimates based on all BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in the meta-analysis. These estimates appear to be consistent with the observed prevalence of the mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Early magnetic resonance imaging of radiographically occult osteoporotic fractures of the femoral neck.

Osteoporosis is associated with thinning of cortical and trabecular bone, which reduces bone strength and predisposes individuals to fracture development. Femoral neck fractures in patients with osteoporosis may not be apparent on radiographs. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful at detecting these radiographically occult fractures; yet, the practice has not been widely adopted in Hong Kong. In this article, we review our experience of early magnetic resonance imaging in this clinical context--that is, imaging performed within 48 hours of presentation to hospital. Twenty-eight patients (age range, 69-93 years) over a 3-year period were studied. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed radiographically occult neck fractures in 14 (50%) cases (equivalent to 4% of all femoral neck fractures). These fractures were treated surgically (64%) or conservatively (36%) with good bone healing and clinical outcome. When no femoral neck fracture was present, magnetic resonance imaging revealed an alternative cause for symptoms in all 14 cases. We strongly endorse the use of early magnetic resonance imaging for patients with osteoporosis who have a clinically suspected femoral neck fracture that is not visible radiographically.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case Series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies.

Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer high risks of breast and ovarian cancer, but the average magnitude of these risks is uncertain and may depend on the context. Estimates based on multiple-case families may be enriched for mutations of higher risk and/or other familial risk factors, whereas risk estimates from studies based on cases unselected for family history have been imprecise. We pooled pedigree data from 22 studies involving 8,139 index case patients unselected for family history with female (86%) or male (2%) breast cancer or epithelial ovarian cancer (12%), 500 of whom had been found to carry a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence rates for mutation carriers were estimated using a modified segregation analysis, based on the occurrence of these cancers in the relatives of mutation-carrying index case patients. The average cumulative risks in BRCA1-mutation carriers by age 70 years were 65% (95% confidence interval 44%-78%) for breast cancer and 39% (18%-54%) for ovarian cancer. The corresponding estimates for BRCA2 were 45% (31%-56%) and 11% (2.4%-19%). Relative risks of breast cancer declined significantly with age for BRCA1-mutation carriers (P trend.0012) but not for BRCA2-mutation carriers. Risks in carriers were higher when based on index breast cancer cases diagnosed at <35 years of age. We found some evidence for a reduction in risk in women from earlier birth cohorts and for variation in risk by mutation position for both genes. The pattern of cancer risks was similar to those found in multiple-case families, but their absolute magnitudes were lower, particularly for BRCA2. The variation in risk by age at diagnosis of index case is consistent with the effects of other genes modifying cancer risk in carriers.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Autoimmunity to the M(r) 32,000 subunit of replication protein A in breast cancer.

PURPOSE: We sought to identify autoantigens recognized by antibodies in breast cancer patient sera with potential diagnostic or prognostic significance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Serum from a female breast cancer patient exhibiting a high titer antinuclear antibody was used to screen a HeLa cDNA expression library, leading to the cloning of a cDNA for the M(r) 32,000 subunit of replication protein A (RPA32). RPA32 expression and localization were assayed in autologous tumor by monoclonal antibody staining. A specific ELISA using recombinant protein was used to screen sera from 801 breast cancer patients and 65 controls. RESULTS: A relationship between anti-replication protein A (RPA) antibodies and the ductal breast carcinoma of the proband was suggested by overexpression and aberrant localization of RPA32 in tumor cells as compared with surrounding normal ductal tissue and by the presence of anti-RPA32 antibodies before the diagnosis. The prevalence of anti-RPA32 antibodies was significantly higher (P < 0.01) among breast cancer patients (87 of 801 patients) than among noncancer controls (0 of 65 controls). Similarly, anti-RPA32 antibodies were present in 4 of 39 patients with intraductal in situ carcinoma. No associations were found between anti-RPA antibodies and survival, occurrence of a second tumor, metastases, or antibodies to p53. Reactivity to RPA32 also was detected in sera from 3 of 47 patients with other cancers. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the central role of RPA in DNA replication, recombination, and repair, we suggest that autoimmunity to RPA32 may reflect molecular changes involved in the process of tumorigenesis. The finding of antibodies to RPA32 before diagnosis and their prevalence in in situ carcinoma suggest that they are potentially useful markers of early disease.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed2001

Expression of neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-8) in human atheroma: a novel collagenolytic pathway suggested by transcriptional profiling.

BACKGROUND: Loss of interstitial collagen, particularly type I collagen, the major load-bearing molecule of atherosclerotic plaques, renders atheroma prone to rupture. Initiation of collagen breakdown requires interstitial collagenases, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) subfamily consisting of MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13. Previous work demonstrated the overexpression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in human atheroma. However, no study has yet evaluated the expression of MMP-8, known as "neutrophil collagenase," the enzyme that preferentially degrades type I collagen, because granulocytes do not localize in plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS: Transcriptional profiling and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed inducible expression of MMP-8 transcripts in CD40 ligand-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes. Western blot analysis demonstrated that 3 atheroma-associated cell types, namely, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and mononuclear phagocytes, expressed MMP-8 in vitro upon stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or CD40 ligand. MMP-8 protein elaborated from these atheroma-associated cell types migrated as 2 immunoreactive bands, corresponding to the molecular weights of the zymogen and the active molecule. Extracts from atherosclerotic, but not nondiseased arterial tissue, contained similar immunoreactive bands. Moreover, all 3 cell types expressed MMP-8 mRNA and protein in human atheroma in situ. Notably, MMP-8 colocalized with cleaved but not intact type I collagen within the shoulder region of the plaque, a frequent site of rupture. CONCLUSIONS: These data point to MMP-8 as a previously unsuspected participant in collagen breakdown, an important determinant of the vulnerability of human atheroma.

Aorta↗

PubMed2001

Motor domain-dependent localization of myo1b (myr-1).

Myosin-I is the single-headed, membrane binding member of the myosin superfamily that plays a role in membrane dynamics and transport [1-6]. Its molecular functions and its mechanism of regulation are not known. In mammalian cells, myosin-I is excluded from specific microfilament populations, indicating that its localization is tightly regulated. Identifying the mechanism of this localization, and the specific actin populations with which myosin-I interacts, is crucial to understanding the molecular functions of this motor. eGFP chimeras of myo1b [7] were imaged in live and fixed NRK cells. Ratio-imaging microscopy shows that myo1b-eGFP concentrates within dynamic areas of the actin cytoskeleton, most notably in membrane ruffles. Myo1b-eGFP does not associate with stable actin bundles or stress fibers. Truncation mutants consisting of the motor or tail domains show a partially overlapping cytoplasmic localization with full-length myo1b, but do not concentrate in membrane ruffles. A chimera consisting of the light chain and tail domains of myo1b and the motor domain from nonmuscle myosin-IIb (nmMIIb) concentrates on actin filaments in ruffles as well as to stress fibers. In vitro motility assays show that the exclusion of myo1b from certain actin filament populations is due to the regulation of the actomyosin interaction by tropomyosin. Therefore, we conclude that tropomyosin and spatially regulated actin polymerization play important roles in regulating the function and localization of myo1b.

Actins↗

PubMed2001

A selective cysteine protease inhibitor is non-toxic and cerebroprotective in rats undergoing transient middle cerebral artery ischemia.

Ischemic neuronal injury mediated by cysteine proteases such as calpains and caspases has been demonstrated in various experimental models. Cathepsins B and L are also cysteine proteases which may contribute to neuronal death after ischemia. The authors measured in vitro and in vivo toxicity and post-ischemic cytoprotective effects of a cysteine protease inhibitor which does not block calpain or caspase but, rather, is relatively selective for cathepsins B and L. The compound belongs to the peptidyl-diazomethane family (cysteine protease inhibitor 1, termed CP-1). In vitro toxicity was measured using an assay of cell viability, and in vivo toxicity was measured by histological tissue analysis after infusion of CP-1 in rats. Two hours of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats was performed by the intravascular suture method. Immediately following reperfusion, intravenous infusion of CP-1 or vehicle was performed for 4 h at 0.9 ml/h. After a 7-day survival, the infarct volumes were measured. CP-1 was non-toxic to cultured glial cells to a local concentration of 200 microM, and relatively non-toxic to cultured endothelial cells at concentrations of 100-200 microM. No animal exhibited toxic effects at any of the doses used. Histologic comparisons revealed no signs of tissue toxicity. CP-1 significantly reduced hemispheric infarct volume compared to control (37+/-8.2%) at concentrations of 10, 50, and 250 microM [22+/-15%, P=0.008; 20+/-13%, P=0.002; 23+/-15%, P=0.022, respectively (mean+/-standard deviation; N=7-10 per group)]. CP-1, at the concentration of 50 microM, improved the functional score of the animals, but did not significantly alter cerebral blood flow. This study supports the hypothesis that the lysosomal cathepsins B and/or L contribute to cerebral injury after focal ischemia with reperfusion. Cysteine protease inhibitors which are relatively selective for cathepsins B and L, but not the calpains or caspases, are effective at reducing infarct volume after intravenous post-ischemic administration.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Synthesis, characterization, antioxidative and antitumor activities of solid quercetin rare earth(III) complexes.

Eight rare earth metal(II) complexes with quercetin ML3 x 6H2O [L=quercetin (3-OH group deprotonated); M = La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm and Y] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, complexometric titration, thermal analysis, conductivity, IR, UV, 1HNMR and fluorescence spectra techniques as well as cyclic voltammetry. The quercetin:metal stoichiometry and the equilibrium stability constant for metal binding to quercetin have been determined. The antioxidative and antitumor activities of quercetin x 2H2O and the complexes were tested by both the MTT and SRB methods. The results show that the suppression ratio of the complexes against the tested tumour cells are superior to quercetin x 2H2O. The property of LaL3 x 6H2O reacting with calf thymus DNA was studied by fluorescence methods. The La-complex binding to DNA has been determined by fluorescence titration in 0.05 M Tris-HCl, 0.5 M NaCl buffer (pH 7.0). The results indicate that the interaction of the complex with DNA is very evident.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2001

Genetic imbalances in pT2 breast cancers of southern Chinese women.

While much information has been reported on the genetic alterations in breast cancers of Caucasians, little is known about the Oriental populations where breast cancers currently rank the second most common neoplasm. As a first step toward understanding the underlying genetics changes in this population, we used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to the genome-wide analysis of forty pT2 tumors from patients of a racially homogenous population in southern China. A complex pattern of genetic alterations emerged with the commonest chromosomal gains identified on 1q (58%), 8q (55%), 11q13 (25%), 16p (28%), 17q (53%) and 20q (35%), and frequent losses on 8p (38%), 11q (28%), 13q (30%) and 18q (25%). When breast cancers with and without lymph-node metastasis were compared, a higher copy gain of 10p was identified in the node-positive group (P=.036). An overall increase in the average number of genetic aberrations was also identified in the late onset group (>45 years)(P=.042) with a higher incidence of genetic losses noted (P=.035). In particular, losses on 16q were detected in 30% of the late onset patients but none in the early onsets (P=0.049). In this study, we have illustrated the pattern of genetic changes in breast tumors of southern Chinese females. While frequent 1q, 8q, 17q and 20q gains, and common 8p and 13q deletions detected were consistent to those aberrations reported from the Caucasian populations, the difference in genetic changes associated in lymph-node metastasis and age of onset identified should provide the basis for additional investigations into the underlying tumorigenesis in the Oriental population.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

A new ultrasensitive assay for quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma.

Nucleic acid-based diagnostic assays for the quantitation of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels are used to monitor disease progression and the response of patients to antiretroviral drug therapy. The LCx HIV RNA Quantitative Assay (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) is an assay for the quantitation of HIV type 1 RNA in plasma that uses competitive reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) followed by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay, and includes an internal control for inhibition and RNA recovery, that is taken through the entire sample preparation procedure. The performance of the assay was assessed for 1 and 0.2 ml sample volumes. For a 1 ml sample volume, the lower limit of detection was found to be 50 copies/ml with a linear range from 50 to 1 million copies/ml. For a 0.2 ml sample volume, the lower limit of detection was found to be 178 copies/ml with a linear range from 178 to 5 million copies/ml. The assay is able to detect and quantitate HIV subtypes A-G and group O. LCx HIV RNA assay quantitation results are highly correlated to the standard and ultrasensitive Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor assay (Roche Molecular Systems) quantitation results. Assay performance is consistent with the use of this test for routine quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma.

Cross Reactions↗

PubMed2001

Assessment of total energy expenditure in a Chinese population by a physical activity questionnaire: examination of validity.

A physical activity questionnaire from which total daily energy expenditure (TEE) could be estimated was developed for adult Hong Kong Chinese subjects, and its reliability and validity examined. The questionnaire was based on questionnaires used in Caucasians, and adapted for local lifestyle after focus group meetings involving subjects of all age groups. The questionnaire was administered to 94 subjects, consisting of healthy adults, the elderly, and two patient groups (those with renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and those with cancer). Seventy-one subjects were reinterviewed within 14 days to test reliability. Validity was examined in 31 normal subjects by measuring the basal metabolic rate (BMR) by indirect calorimetry and multiplying by the physical activity level (PAL) obtained from published studies using the doubly labelled water method and also from FAO/WHO/UNU to obtain the TEE. The intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability rages from 0.7 to 0.8 for all subject groups. The mean estimated TEE from the questionnaire was not significantly different from the mean value derived from measured BMR x PAL. The mean bias ranged from an underestimation of 27 kcal to overestimation of 215 kcal. However, the limits of variability were wide. Age was inversely related to the energy expended for occupational activities, but was positively associated with energy expended in leisure activities. Women spent less energy on occupational and exercise activities, and more on caretaking activities. Those with disease were also less likely to participate in caretaking activities. We conclude that this questionnaire may be a useful tool for future studies where energy expenditure needs to be estimated in various settings in the Hong Kong Chinese population.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Effect of varying dietary fat levels on rat growth and oxidative DNA damage.

Dietary fat has previously been shown to have somewhat complicated relationships to levels of oxidative stress in rats. In this study, we examined the effects of five different dietary fat intakes on levels of oxidative DNA damage in rats. Animals fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 10%, or 15% corn oil had body weights that were similar after 20 weeks. Animals fed a 20% fat diet, however, had significantly higher mean body weight than any other group. Levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, one marker of oxidative DNA damage, had different relationships to dietary fat in blood and mammary gland. In blood, levels increased with dietary fat levels, and the highest levels were observed with the 20% fat diet (65% higher levels than with the 3% fat diet). In mammary gland, a plateau-type effect was observed, with maximal levels of oxidative DNA damage being obtained using 10% fat (representing a 68% increase relative to the 3% fat diet). This could be a result of induction of compensatory mechanisms in response to a high-fat diet in mammary gland but not in the short-lived nucleated blood cells. Oxidative DNA damage levels in blood thus appear to be a marker of dietary fat intake. In mammary gland, however, levels of DNA damage are consistent with previously observed promotional effects of dietary fat on mammary gland tumorigenesis at lower levels of fat intake with little or no incremental promoting effects at higher levels of fat intake.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Development and application of the serological assay for humoral immune response against duck hepatitis B virus.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple and specific assay for detection of humoral immune response in duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks. METHODS: Eighty serum samples were detected by ELISA for DHBsAg with prepared anti-preS 1H1 ascitic fluid and by PCR or dot blot hybridization for DHBV DNA. Thirty-two serum samples from experimentally infected 1-day-old ducks were assayed by ELISA for DHBcAb and DHBsAb. RESULTS: Of 66 PCR positive samples, 58 were positive for DHBsAg and 62 were positive for DHBV dot blot hybridization. Sensitivities of the two methods were 87.9% and 93.9%, respectively. Anti-DHBc was developed in 2/8 infected ducks at day 21 but negative after day 28. Anti-DHBs antibodies were negative throughout the infectious period. CONCLUSION: The application of DHBV infection and serological assay will be helpful to the study of kinetics of DHBV and humoral immune response of ducks against the virus.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Comparison of specific immune responses to duck hepatitis B virus in infected, immune, and uninfected ducks].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factor in determining whether hepadnavirus infection is cleared or becomes chronic. METHODS: Experimental groups were established by inoculation with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) at different age and schedule. The kinetics of virus replication and the humoral and cell mediated immune response (CMI) by ducks acutely and chronically infected with, or immune to DHBV infection was measured. RESULTS: Infection of the adolescent animals with DHBV led to a transient viremia. The levels of anti-DHBs and anti-DHBc were higher in acutely infected group than in chronically infected group (P<0.05), but lower than in immune group (P<0.01). CMI analysis showed the response to DHBsAg and DHBcAg by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from acutely infected ducks (10 day pi) was stronger than that from chronically infected ones (P<0.05); however, the level of the response reduced over a period of 5 weeks. There were no differences regarding CMI response in acutely infected or immune ducks. CONCLUSIONS: The immune response especially antigen -specific immune response is the key factor in determining the outcome of the infection.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Study on the replication of hepatitis B virus compared with that of duck hepatitis B virus in primary duck hepatocytes].

OBJECTIVE: By studying the replication of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared with that of Duck Hepatitis B virus (DHBV) in primary duck hepatocytes (PDH), we want to explore the host-specific regulating roles on the replication of HBV in hepatocytes from heterologous species. METHODS: PDH were transfected with complete HBV genome by electroporation (transfected group, 1.19 x 10(12) copies of linear HBV DNA/1 x 10(7) PDH) or infected with DHBV (infected group, 4 x 10(8) virions/1 x 10(7) PDH). 1, 3 and 5 days after transfection or infection, HBsAg, HBeAg and DHBsAg in the supernatant and lysate of PDH were measured with IMX System or ELISA. Meanwhile, replicative intermediates of HBV DNA and DHBV DNA were analyzed by Southern blotting and dot blotting. PDH electroporated only was used as control group. RESULTS: HBsAg in the lysates of transfected group were 15.24 (1 day), 14.55 (3 days) and 5.13 (5 days; P/N values, positive > or = 2.1), HBeAg all was negative (< 2.1), and both were negative in the supernatants of transfected group. DHBsAg in the supernatants of infected group were 14.6 (1 day), 31.53 (3 days) and 34.73(5 days; S/N values, positive > or = 2.1). Dot blotting revealed that both the total amount of HBV DNA in the transfected group and DHBV DNA in the infected group were strongly positive, whereas that of the control group was negative. Southern blot analysis of intracellular total DNA indicated that there are relaxed circular (RC), covalently closed circular (ccc) and single-stranded (SS) HBV DNA replicative intermediates in the transfected group, there was no integrated HBV DNA in the cellular genome, as the same as that of DHBV DNA in the infected group. Control groups were negative at all. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that expression of HBV genes and production can occur in hepatocytes from nonmammalian species and strongly support the idea that HBV replication has no critical species-specificity, and yet hepatic-specific regulating factors could be essential for viral replication.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

High throughput protein fold identification by using experimental constraints derived from intramolecular cross-links and mass spectrometry.

We have used intramolecular cross-linking, MS, and sequence threading to rapidly identify the fold of a model protein, bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Its tertiary structure was probed with a lysine-specific cross-linking agent, bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS(3)). Sites of cross-linking were determined by tryptic peptide mapping by using time-of-flight MS. Eighteen unique intramolecular lysine (Lys-Lys) cross-links were identified. The assignments for eight cross-linked peptides were confirmed by using post source decay MS. The interatomic distance constraints were all consistent with the tertiary structure of FGF-2. These relatively few constraints, in conjunction with threading, correctly identified FGF-2 as a member of the beta-trefoil fold family. To further demonstrate utility, we used the top-scoring homolog, IL-1beta, to build an FGF-2 homology model with a backbone error of 4.8 A (rms deviation). This method is fast, is general, uses small amounts of material, and is amenable to automation.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Validation of prediction equations for basal metabolic rate in chinese subjects.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the validity of existing prediction equations for basal metabolic rate (BMR) and two generated regression equations in healthy Chinese subjects and patients with chronic diseases. SUBJECTS: One-hundred and thirty-four healthy Chinese volunteers of aged 16-88 among staff working in Shatin Hospital and their relatives, and 30 elderly patients with heart disease, stroke and chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) were recruited. INTERVENTIONS: Height, weight, biceps and triceps skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, and BMR were measured in the healthy subjects and patients. Two regression equations were derived from 70 healthy Chinese subjects. Three existing equations (WHO, Liu and Jia equations) and two derived equations were then cross-validated in 64 subjects and 30 patients. RESULTS: For the healthy Chinese subjects, as well as patients, the BMR calculated by Liu was the closest to the measured BMR among all the equations, although there was slight underestimation for patients. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the Liu equation is the most appropriate for predicting BMR in healthy Chinese subjects, but it underestimates the BMR in those with chronic diseases. Fat-free mass is the best predictor of measured BMR. SPONSORSHIP: Unrestricted research grant in nutrition from the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation.

Adolescent↗