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Biomedical subjects

N Tsushima

Publications and source records attributed to N Tsushima.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Comparison between broilers and layers for growth and protein use by embryos.

Three experiments were conducted to compare the growth and protein utilization of embryo between broilers and layers. In experiments 1 and 2, the average weight of eggs was the same for broilers and layers. Nothing or an amino acid (AA) solution was injected into the eggs of broilers at d 7 of incubation, and the plasma AA concentration of newly hatched chicks was determined in broilers in experiment 1. In experiment 2, the same treatments as experiment 1 were used on layer breeder eggs. Plasma Tau, Thr, and Lys concentrations of hatched chicks increased when AA solution was injected in broilers breeder eggs (P < 0.05) but not in layers (P > 0.05). The AA ratio to Lys was reduced by AA injection in broilers but not in layers. In experiment 3, weights of embryos and egg were recorded, and CP contents were analyzed over time during incubation (d 0, 7, 14, and 19 of incubation) in broilers and layers using eggs of the same weight. There were no differences in the weights and CP contents of embryos and eggs from broilers and layers. On d 14 and 19 of incubation, weights and CP contents of embryo were higher in broilers than layers (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the egg protein content might be adequate for hatching but insufficient for maximum growth of embryos from broilers.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2000

Tissue distribution and pharmacological potential of SM-16896, a novel oestrogen-bisphosphonate hybrid compound.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is caused mainly by a deficiency of oestrogen with rapid bone loss. To target oestrogen to the bone effectively, we have synthesized and evaluated the effects of a novel hybrid compound of oestrogen and bisphosphonate, SM-16896. The tissue distribution pattern and pharmacological potential are reported. Although the affinity for calf uterine oestrogen receptor was very low (IC50: 73.3 microM; 1/25000 of that of 17beta-oestradiol (2.84 nM)), SM-16896 showed oestrogenic activity. SM-16896 (1 microM) induced a 4.5-fold transcriptional activity in rat osteosarcoma UMR-106 cells compared with vehicle-treated control, when we used the expression vector for human oestrogen receptor and a CAT reporter plasmid containing an oestrogen-responsive element. The distribution of SM-16896 after a subcutaneous administration to 7-week-old female rats was examined by radioluminography using 3H-labelled SM-16896. At 30 min after the administration, significant radioactivity was detected in the bone. At 24 h after administration, a high level of radioactivity was detected in the bone, but in the uterus it was only at a background level. Daily subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mgkg(-1) SM-16896 for 12 weeks (five times per week) to 13-week-old ovariectomized rats suppressed the ovariectomized-induced reduction in bone mineral density. A bone mineral density ratio of 120% was maintained compared with sham-operated rats, whereas a relatively low suppression of uterine weight was observed (about 50% loss compared with sham-operated rats). In the same experiment, the implantation of a 17beta-oestradiol time-release pellet (0.25 mg/pellet/90 days) almost completely suppressed the reduction of both the bone mineral density and uterine tissue weight. It is likely that the effect of SM-16896 on bone was due to its oestrogenic activity, since 1.0 mgkg(-1) SM-18108, the bisphosphonate moiety of this compound, had no effect on bone in 7-week-old ovariectomized rats. The results suggest that SM-16896, a bisphosphonate-conjugated oestrogen, showed a preference profile in the uterus and bone due to its characteristic distribution pattern compared with the natural oestrogen analogue 17beta-oestradiol. Thus, bisphosphonate-conjugated oestrogens have the potential to improve patient compliance in oestrogen therapy by minimizing adverse effects and reducing the frequency of medication.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Microvascular blood is distributed more to venules than to arterioles in patients with Buerger's disease. Observation of bulbar conjunctiva by intravital microscope system.

BACKGROUND: It has been a matter of controversy whether abnormalities of organs other than extremities may be a clinical manifestation of Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans; TAO). In the present investigation, our aim was to quantitatively characterise the configuration of microvascular networks in bulbar conjunctiva, which is not affected apparently, in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. METHODS: Nine men with thromboangiitis obliterans attended our hospital and nine male volunteers as normal controls were enrolled in this study. We observed and analysed the configuration of the network of a bulbar conjunctiva by use of intravital microscope system with computer assisted image processing functions. Microvessel density was defined as a summation of vessel length in a ROI area and tortuosity was evaluated by a ratio of vessel length to direct distance of both terminals. RESULTS: In the microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva in thromboangiitis obliterans, arteriole diameter was significantly decreased and density of venules was significantly increased. Increased venular density was mainly explained by increased tortuosity of venules. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, microvascular blood was distributed more to venules than to arterioles in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. Venule/arteriole ratios of diameter, tortuosity and microvessel density may be useful parameters to characterize the configuration of microvascular networks in thromboangiitis obliterans.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs on embryonic growth and hatchability of chicks.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of amino acid (AA) injections in ovo in Cobb broiler breeder eggs on hatchability and subsequent chick BW. In Experiment 1, moisture, crude fat (CF), and CP were analyzed over time during incubation (Day 0, 7, 14, and 19 of incubation). Moisture, CP, and CF of the embryo increased, and moisture, CP, and CF of eggs decreased, as incubation time increased (P < 0.05). Combined egg and embryo AA contents, except Gly and Pro, decreased (P < 0.05) as incubation time increased. However, the pattern of AA in the egg did not change as the embryo developed. In Experiment 2, AA were injected into the yolk or air cell at Day 0 and 7 of incubation. Hatchability was reduced (P < 0.05) when AA were injected at Day 0 of incubation. However, when the AA solution was injected into the yolk sac at Day 7 of incubation, hatchability was not affected, and BW of chicks increased relative to egg weight prior to incubation. These results suggest that in ovo administration of AA may be an effective method of increasing chick BW at hatch.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

Endogenous amino acids in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).

To determine the amount of endogenous amino acids in budgerigars (sekiseiinko, Melopsittacus undulatus), as the first step of evaluating amino acid requirements, three experiments were conducted. In Experiments 1 and 2, transit time of the feeds through the digestive tract in budgerigars was studied. The birds were given free access to a corn-based diet containing 50% barium sulfate in Experiment 1, and Japanese millets (hie, Echinochloa utilis) with 0.5 ml of 50% barium sulfate solution in Experiment 2. At intervals of 0.5 to 2 hr, roentgenography was conducted to identify the position of the barium sulfate in the digestive tract. The results showed that the transit time of pellets and millets in the digestive tract was within 24 and 27 hr, respectively. In Experiment 3, to determine the amount of endogenous amino acids in budgerigars, the excreta were collected for 24 hr, from 27 to 51 hr after fasting. The excreta were hydrolyzed with 6 N hydrochloric acid at 110 degrees C for 22 hr for the determination of amino acids by HPLC. The endogenous Ala, Arg, Leu, Lys, Phe and Val were estimated to be 34.9, 36.8, 18.5, 20.3, 15.3 and 18.9 micrograms/day/BW0.75, respectively, which were higher than those in adult roosters.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

The clinical features and treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans with diabetes.

The objective of this study was to clarify the differences, if any, in the clinical features between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and to select the optimal treatment for diabetic patients with ASO. The 171 patients with ASO studied were classified into nondiabetic and diabetic groups. Each group was subdivided into an intermittent claudication (IC) group and ulcer and necrosis (ULC) group. The frequency of complications with cardiac and cerebral vascular diseases and risk factors of arteriosclerosis were analyzed. Ankle and brachial blood pressure and ankle/brachial pressure index (API) were measured, and blood rheological parameters of filterability using Nuclepore filter membrane and viscosity of whole blood and plasma were measured. Three indexes of walking distance were measured by our ASO-Treadmill protocol to evaluate quantitatively the effect of treatment. There were 95 diabetic patients with ASO and 76 nondiabetic patients. Of the nondiabetic patients, 81 had IC and 14 had ULC, and of the diabetic patients, 63 had IC and 13 had ULC. The diabetic group showed more frequent complications with coronary heart disease (56.5 vs. 25.6%), but the two groups showed the same frequency of cerebrovascular diseases (30%). The diabetic ULC subgroup showed higher fasting plasma glucose than the diabetic IC subgroup. The API of the ULC subgroup was significantly lower than that of the IC subgroup in the nondiabetic patients, whereas that of the ULC subgroup was not significantly lower than that of the IC subgroup in the diabetic patients. Stenotic lesions of arteriography in both the nondiabetic and diabetic ULC subgroups demonstrated a tendency toward multisegmental and below-knee lesions compared with the two IC subgroups. For blood rheology-related factors, the diabetic ASO subgroup demonstrated a significantly elevated fibrinogen level compared with the normal control value, for patients of average age. After walking exercise treatment, a significant increase in the walking distance was obtained. After treatment with Cilostazol, prostaglandin I2 analog, and LDL apheresis, the rheological indexes were significantly improved, while the API did not change. We conclude that therapeutic improvement of blood rheological properties would be effective for prolongation and improvement of the quality of life for diabetic patients with ASO.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical studies on and pharmacokinetics of a new carbapenem antibiotic, biapenem (L-627), in the pediatric field].

Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies were performed on a new carbapenem antibiotic, biapenem (L-627), in children with acute infectious diseases and the results were as follows: 1) Clinical efficacies were evaluated on the intravenous-administration at daily doses of 17-37.5 mg/kg for 4-7 consecutive days in 12 children; 8 children with pneumonia, 2 with cervical lymphadenitis, 1 with pyelonephritis and 1 with suspected sepsis. The clinical efficacies were excellent in 6 patients, good in 5 and poor in 1, yielding an efficacy rate of 91.7%. No side effects or abnormalities of the clinical laboratory tests were observed in 16 children including 12 children evaluated for the efficacy. 2) L-627 was administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg or 12 mg/kg, using 30 minutes drip infusion, to 5 children. Maximum concentrations of L-627 in plasma were observed at the end of administration and the values varied from 21.0 to 38.4 micrograms/ml (mean: 31.7 +/- 9.3, n = 3) at 6 mg/kg and 39.0 and 58.8 micrograms/ml (mean: 48.9, n = 2) at 12 mg/kg. The half-lives in plasma (beta phase) were from 0.73 to 1.41 hours (0.98 +/- 0.38, n = 3) and 0.88 and 0.90 hours (0.89, n = 2), and the urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours were between 61.5 and 69.9% (65.5 +/- 4.2, n = 3) and 64.7 and 81.1% (72.9, n = 2) at 6 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicate that L-627 is effective and safe in children with acute infectious diseases and suggest the usefulness of L-627 in the pediatric field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Three missense mutations in the protein C heavy chain causing type I and type II protein C deficiency.

We have studied the molecular basis of protein C deficiency in three families with a history of thromboembolic disease. An approximately 50% reduction in both functional and immunologic levels of protein C was detected in the plasma from two unrelated patients, designated protein C Osaka 1 and protein C Osaka 2. An approximately 50% reduction in functional level but normal immunologic level of protein C was detected in plasma from a third patient, designated protein C Osaka 3. DNA sequencing of the amplified DNA revealed one missense mutation in each case. Additional mutations in the coding sequence were excluded by DNA sequencing of all protein C exons. We identified a C-to-T change at nucleotide number 6,218 of the protein C gene in protein C Osaka 1. This results in the amino acid substitution of Arg-169 by Trp at the alpha-thrombin cleavage site. In protein C Osaka 2, a G-to-A change at nucleotide number 8,807 was identified leading to the amino acid substitution of Met-364 by Ile in the protease domain. This substitution may impair the synthesis or stability of protein C Osaka 2. In protein C Osaka 3, a G-to-C change at nucleotide number 8,868 was identified. This results in substitution of Gly-385 by Arg in the protease domain. Based on these, it was concluded that Arg-169-to-Trp mutation and Met-364-to-Ile mutation cause type I protein C deficiency and Gly-385-to-Arg mutation causes type II deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of sex steroid hormone-dependent induction of chick oviduct delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase during primary and secondary stimulation.

1. A comparative study on primary and secondary stimulation of oviduct delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) (EC 4.2.1.24) was carried out with oestradiol-17 beta and/or testosterone administration in immature female chickens during 15-day-primary stimulation, 20-day-withdrawal and 15-day-secondary stimulation periods. 2. Compared with primary stimulation in oestrogenized birds, synthesis and degradation rates of oviduct ALAD molecule during secondary stimulation increased 3.4- and 1.8-fold respectively, resulting in a rapid induction of the enzyme. 3. Specific activity of oviduct ALAD in oestradiol-plus-testosterone treated birds became significantly higher than that of oestradiol alone during secondary stimulation, whereas no significant changes were observed during primary stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Inherited heterozygous protein C deficiency and dysfunctional protein S with recurrent venous thrombotic diseases: a study of three generations of a Japanese family.

We describe a rare occurrence of a family affected with venous thrombosis, exhibiting a protein C (PC) deficiency and dysfunctional protein S (PS). The propositus and his father developed recurrent venous-thrombosis. Their PC deficiency was characterized by low levels of both antigen and activity, and their dysfunctional PS was suggested by low PS activities despite the presence of normal free PS antigen. Over three generations, six family members had a PC deficiency, and three had both a PC deficiency and a dysfunctional PS. The mode of inheritance of PC deficiency appears to be autosomal dominant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Circulating transferrin receptor in acute leukemias.

Serum transferrin receptor (s-TR) levels in acute leukemia patients were measured by a recently developed sandwich radioimmunoassay. The mean s-TR level for normal subjects (n = 205) was 246 +/- 79 (mean +/- 1 SD) ng/ml. The values for patients with untreated acute myelocytic leukemia (AML, n = 18) and untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, n = 14) were 398 +/- 175 ng/ml and 479 +/- 176 ng/ml, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than those for the normal subjects (AML, p < 0.02; ALL, p < 0.05). When complete remission was achieved with initial remission induction therapy, s-TR decreased to 262 +/- 47 ng/ml (n = 22, 12 AML and 10 ALL), returning to normal levels. There was a good correlation between s-TR levels and the number of leukemic cells in peripheral blood (r = 0.743, n = 32, p < 0.01). In two patients with AML, serial changes of s-TR values and numbers of blast cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow occurred in a parallel manner. If, therefore, this assay for s-TR can be made more sensitive, it may become useful for assessing acute leukemia activity and for monitoring the effects of therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

A selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, fails to improve blood rheology in endotoxin-shocked rabbits.

Effects of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, (E)-3-[4-(1-imidazolylmethyl)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid hydrochloride monohydrate (OKY-046), were studied hemorheologically in endotoxin shocked-rabbits. The animals were intravenously administrated with 0.1 mg of endotoxin 3 times at intervals of 3 days. At 7 days after the last endotoxin injection, endotoxin (0.2 mg.kg(-1)) was intravenously administrated to induce a shock. OKY-046 (30 mg.kg(-1)) was administrated after hypotension was developed by the endotoxin treatment and, then, it was continuously injected at 0.03 mg.kg(-1).min(-1). Blood pressure remained unchanged and hypotensive was maintained during the treatment with OKY-046. Blood was sampled from the femoral artery 15 (before the administration of OKY-046), 45, and 120 minutes after the final administration of endotoxin. Pa(O)(2) increased, and Pa(CO)(2), arterial pH, and base excess (BE) decreased during the endotoxin shock. The decrease of pH and BE was prevented by the administration of OKY-046. In the endotoxin-shocked animals, hematocrit, whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, plasma fluidity, and the ratio of hematocrit to whole blood viscosity showed no significant differences between the OKY-046 treated animals and non-treated ones. These data show that a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) does not improve the blood rheology during endotoxin shock, although it seems to prevent the acidosis in some extent.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Changes in blood rheologic factors following coronary artery surgery.

Blood rheologic parameters were examined in 16 patients without multiple organ failure 2 weeks after coronary artery surgery. The whole blood viscosity (shear rate = 94.5 sec-1) was unchanged (4.59 +/- 0.53 to 4.56 +/- 0.58 mPa.s) despite a significant decrease in hematocrit (39.8 +/- 4.3 to 37.1 +/- 3.8%, P less than 0.05). The oxygen delivery index (the ratio of hematocrit to whole blood viscosity) was significantly decreased (8.67 +/- 0.35 to 8.18 +/- 0.59%/mPa.s, P less than 0.05). Plasma viscosity (shear rate = 94.5 sec-1) increased significantly (1.60 +/- 0.13 to 1.72 +/- 0.10 mPa.s, P less than 0.01), as did serum levels of globulin (2.8 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.4 g/dl, P less than 0.01), alpha 1-antitrypsin (232 +/- 41 to 308 +/- 60 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), and fibrinogen (381 +/- 81 to 479 +/- 117 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). Total protein and globulin levels showed a good correlation with plasma viscosity, but the fibrinogen concentration demonstrated no correlation. The passage time of a 40% red blood cell suspension (0.5 ml) was shortened significantly from 10.2 +/- 1.1 to 9.2 +/- 1.0 sec (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that an increase in plasma viscosity is important in determining blood rheologic properties 2 weeks after coronary artery surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Serious complications of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in patients with bladder cancer].

Side effects and serious complications of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy were reviewed in 120 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder from October, 1983 to June, 1989 at Hirosaki University Hospital. As local side effects, 102 patients (85.0%) had bladder irritability with frequency and/or micturition pain, and 46 patients (38.3%) had hematopyuria. As systemic side effects, fever in 43 patients (35.8%), elevation of serum GOT, GPT in 9 patients (7.5%), and malaise in 3 patients (2.5%) were seen. Serious complications were observed in 7 patients. 4 patients had a severely contracted bladder with decreased compliance less than 50 ml, 2 patients had persistent arthritis and one patient had interstitial pneumonia. In all 4 patients with a contracted bladder partial cystectomy was performed before or after intravesical BCG therapy, and three of them received more than ten times instillation of BCG. It was suggested that contracted bladder most likely occurred after frequent BCG instillations in addition to decreased bladder compliance. Contracted bladder was irreversible in 2 patients. Histopathologically, there was marked fibrosis in the muscular layer of the bladder without tuberculous inflammatory changes. It might depend on the severity of fibrosis in the muscular layer whether contracted bladder was reversible or not. Persistent arthritis was nonspecific inflammation with negative culture results for mycobacteria in the joint fluid in 2 patients. In one patient with interstitial pneumonia, fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated marked fibrosis of alveolar septums and increased lymphocyte count without tuberculous inflammatory changes. The pathogenesis of this complications is considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction to BCG.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

[Expression and extracellular release of transferrin receptors on erythropoiesis].

One of the most important factors for the proliferation and hemoglobin synthesis of erythroid cells is iron atom. This atom is tightly bound to serum transferrin (Tf) and is taken up by erythroblasts and reticulocytes through transferrin receptor (TfR). Both Tf and TfR are reutilizable and have roles for the efficient intracellular accumulation of iron. In addition to the reutilization (recycling), the expression of TfR is also regulated by cytoplasmic iron concentration; the increase of iron downregulate the synthesis of TfR at the translational level and vice versa. This mechanism was recently explained by the binding between "iron responsive element (IRE)" in the 5' end of TfR mRNA and IRE binding protein by a transacting manner. Johnstone et al, and we found that TfR was externalized from sheep reticulocyte and human erythroleukemia cell, K562, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed that this shed TfR was detected in blood and concluded that the quantitation of TfR in serum is a useful index for evaluating the erythropoiesis. The serum TfR was increased in iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia and polycythemia and was decreased in aplastic anemia. In renal anemia, it was increased after the administration of erythropoietin (Epo). By the in vitro liquid culture of peripheral blood stem cells using interleukin 3 and Epo, it was found that soluble TfR was derived from the erythroblasts during the maturation process.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1991

[A remarkable effect of K-18 (IgG-melphalan complex) in a case of RAEB with hypoplastic marrow].

A 63-year-old male with refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and hypoplastic marrow was treated with K-18 (240 mg/day P.O.). On admission, peripheral blood revealed pancytopenia. Bone marrow specimen revealed severe hypocellularity with 18.9% of the blast cells. Ten months later, the blast cells in the bone marrow decreased to 3.8%, and complete remission (CR) was obtained. CR was eight weeks. Duration of response (CR + PR) continued for about eight months. K-18 is an antitumor agent with minimal side effects, and seems to be effective for RAEB with hypoplastic marrow.

Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts↗
PubMed1990

Buerger's colour.

Cyanosis of the hands and feet in Buerger's disease is known as 'Buerger's colour'. This characteristic skin colour is produced by the subpapillary venous plexus. The reactions of the subpapillary venous plexus in patients with Buerger's disease were observed by analysing the fractional blood volume of tissue using a visible light reflective spectrophotometer. Capillary morphology was investigated using an intravital video-microscopic system. Twenty-seven subjects, comprising 13 normals and 14 patients with Buerger's disease, were studied. In the nailbeds of patients with Buerger's disease, an increase in the number of loops, cyanotic colour change and dilatation were observed. In this condition there was incompetence of venular tonus and regurgitation at venular valves. Buerger's colour is probably due to excessive congestion of venous blood in the subpapillary venous plexus which is produced by these mechanisms.

Adult↗