Biomedical subjects

N Udupa

Publications and source records attributed to N Udupa.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of ultrasound on the percutaneous absorption of ketorolac tromethamine in vitro across rat skin.

The influence of ultrasound on percutaneous absorption of ketorolac tromethamine was studied in vitro across rat skin. Sonication was carried out with a continuous mode, at an intensity of 1-3 W/cm2 and a frequency of 1 MHz for 30 min. A significant increase in permeation of ketorolac through rat skin was observed with the applied sonication at 3 W/cm2 when compared with permeation at 1 and 2 W/cm2. Enhanced ketorolac penetration at 3 W/cm2 can be explained by the mechanical and/or thermal action of ultrasound waves. The distance of the ultrasound probe from the skin surface did not influence the flux of the drug. Pretreatment of skin by 5% d-limonene in ethanol for 2 hr followed by sonication at 3 W/cm2 (30 min) significantly enhanced the permeation of ketorolac when compared with passive flux with or without enhancer pretreatment.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro iontophoretic transport of ketorolac: synthetic membrane as a barrier.

The effect of different factors on the iontophoretic transport of ketorolac was analyzed. In vitro experiments were performed in a diffusion cell with a cellulose membrane as a barrier. The results indicated that an increase in current density or drug concentration enhanced the transmembrane permeation of the drug. The presence of extraneous ions (such as NaCl) or an increase in viscosity of the donor medium slowed down the iontophoretic transport of the drug. The pH does not seem to be an important factor determining iontophoretic transport of ketorolac as statistically insignificant difference was observed in flux at pH 5.6, 7.2, and 8. Also, the relative importance of the transport contributions involved in iontophoresis, namely diffusive iontophoretic and electro-osmotic fluxes, was investigated using glucose as a nonionizable drug. The results indicated that the total flux of ketorolac is a result of two contributions: passive diffusion and iontophoretic flux. The contribution of electro-osmosis appears to be negligible.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Methotrexate loaded chitosan and chitin microspheres--in vitro characterization and pharmacokinetics in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

Methotrexate (MTX) loaded chitosan and chitin microspheres were prepared. The physicochemical characteristics were affected by various parameters, e.g. stirring speed, concentration of chitosan and chitin. The t1/2 for in vitro release varied depending on the concentration of chitosan and chitin and the amount of glutaraldehyde used. The antitumour activity in Ehrlich ascites tumour bearing mice for MTX loaded chitosan microspheres was better when compared with plane MTX on oral administration. The plasma drug levels were sustained.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of indigenous Neem Azadirachta indica [correction of (Adirachta indica)] mouth wash on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli growth.

Neem is one of the most widely researched tropical tree, with almost all it's parts being put for a variety of uses. In the present study, the antibacterial effect of Neem mouthwash against salivary levels of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus has been tested over a period of 2 months. Also it's effect in reversing incipient carious lesions was assessed. While streptococcus mutans was inhibited by Neem mouthwashes, with or without alcohol as well as chlorhexidine, lactobacillus growth was inhibited by chlorhexidine alone. The initial data appears to prove it's effect in inhibiting S. mutans and reversing incipient carious lesions, longer term clinical trials are essential.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Formulation and evaluation of controlled release dental implants of povidone iodine for periodontitis.

Diseases of the periodontium continue to be one of the man's most wide spread afflictions. Periodontitis is one of such which is characterised by a periodontal pocket formed due to the inflammatory disease of gingiva and the deeper periodontal tissues. Local controlled release implants of povidone iodine was prepared using various polymers and stability, release characteristics, total drug content etc, were evaluated. The clinical studies of the dental implants were carried out on 10 patients.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin-beta-cyclodextrin complex and its efficacy in dental implants.

Ciprofloxacin forms an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin. The in vitro antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin on E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus was found better on complexation. The complex was found very effective as a local antibacterial agent when used in dental implants. Significant reduction in the gingival index, probing pocket depth and microbial growth coupled with gain in attachment at the test site compared to control on the 14th day was observed when the implants containing 2.0 mg of the complex equivalent to 0.4 mg of ciprofloxacin was used in clinical trials.

Adult↗