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Biomedical subjects

N W Todd

Publications and source records attributed to N W Todd.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of inhibition and induction of cytochrome P-450 isozymes on hyperoxic lung injury in rats.

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity most likely results from excessive production of reactive oxygen species. The role of the cytochromes P-450 in this process is controversial because these enzymes have been reported both to enhance hyperoxic lung injury and to protect from the damaging effects of 100% oxygen. We sought to further determine the role of the cytochromes P-450 in hyperoxic lung injury by inhibiting and inducing pulmonary cytochrome P-450 isozymes in rats. Treatment with the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor cimetidine or 8-methoxypsoralen did not improve survival or reduce lung edema in rats exposed to 100% oxygen. The activity of cytochrome P-450IIB1, the major pulmonary cytochrome P-450 isozyme in rats, was clearly inhibited by 8-methoxypsoralen. beta-Naphthoflavone (beta NF), a selective inducer of cytochrome P-450IA1, was administered in two-dose and five-dose regimens. The two-dose regimen produced significant and sustained induction of cytochrome P-450IA1 activity, but survival in these rats was not improved when exposed to 100% oxygen. In rats treated with five doses of beta NF, a small increase in survival time was found from 71.1 +/- 8.7 to 88.0 +/- 20.2 h; however, there was no difference in the induction of cytochrome P-450IA1 activity between this five-dose regimen and the two-dose regimen. The small improvement in survival after five doses of beta NF is thus unrelated to cytochrome P-450IA1 induction. We conclude that neither inhibition of cytochrome P-450IIB1 activity nor induction of cytochrome P-450IA1 activity protects adult rats against hyperoxic lung injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Minuscule submucous cleft palate. Cadaver study.

Otitis media is almost universal in cleft palate patients, at least during infancy. A lesser cleft manifestation, the occult submucous cleft palate, is identifiable in living patients by surgical dissection or flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy. We addressed the hypothesis that an even more subtle form of submucous cleft palate, involving both an abnormal musculus levator veli palatini and an abnormal musculus uvulae, is associated with otitis media. We studied 35 adult human cadaver specimens for histologic and infrared photographic transillumination evidence of what we have identified as the minuscule submucous cleft palate. None of the specimens had evidence of clinical otitis media, or clinical abnormality of the palate. Approximately one fifth of the specimens had evidence of minuscule submucous cleft palate: minimal bulk of the musculus uvulae and haphazard organization of the fibers of the musculus levator veli palatini. These data support the nasopharyngoscopic inference that in occult submucous cleft palate, there is both hypoplasia of the musculus uvulae and abnormal orientation of the fibers of the musculus levator veli palatini. Although not significant statistically, a trend was suggested for minuscule submucous cleft palate to be associated with indicators of prior otitis media.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The application of a semiautomated postoperative care program in a community hospital: early results.

The clinical involvement of computer technology in medical center environment has been successfully utilized in the postoperative care of patients following open intracardiac operations. This report describes the initial experience in a community hospital with the adaptation and evaluation of such a system in the postoperative care of critically ill patients. The early experience with this noncomputerized system suggests the clinical usefulness of the approach, the potential increase in manpower utilization, and the greater utilization of the nursing staff in true patient care. The early results of the study do not indicate that this approach to patient care is necessarily economically feasible or technically applicable in all community hospitals.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Penetrating injuries of the laryngotracheal area.

Penetrating injuries of the laryngotracheal area require immediate maintenance of an adequate airway and prompt surgical exploration and repair. Two basic principles are illustrated by case reports: repairing major vessels before doing the laryngotracheal repair and using adjacent tissues to repair traumatic defects. We suggest a team approach at operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Side-hole suction for ear surgery.

Surgical trauma to the soft tissue of the external ear canal and middle ear increases inflammation and scarring. A side-hole suction tip has been found to minimize suction-tip trauma, preclude the need to aspirate through synthetic sponge or cotton, and facilitate graft placement.

Ear, Middle↗