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Biomedical subjects

N Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to N Wilson.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Communicable disease in New Zealand.

Communicable diseases remain a major problem in New Zealand; one which often only comes to the attention of management when an outbreak occurs and health care dollars are required for disease control. Hepatitis B and rheumatic fever remain the two diseases that place New Zealand in the developing nation league. Overall, the impact on mortality is low (only 5% in the 1-14 year age group) as is the impact on potential years of life lost. Morbidity figures are not known with any degree of accuracy as they are dependent on a notification system acknowledged to be deficient and hospital discharge data which include only a fraction of cases for a few serious diseases. The main preventive action hinges on the childhood immunisation programme which has undergone recent change. The true impact of environmental hygiene measures, health promotion and education has not been evaluated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Successful repair of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect without the use of a conduit: a new surgical option. Report of two cases.

A new technique for the restoration of continuity between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect without the use of a conduit is described. This was accomplished by anastomosing the inferior margin of the distal pulmonary artery to the apex of a T-shaped infundibular ventriculotomy to form the posterior wall of the reconstructed right ventricular outflow tract. A winged patch of bovine pericardium was then used for the anterior wall to complete reconstruction of the transannular right ventricular outflow tract. This technique was used successfully in two patients.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

99mTechnetium-labelled red blood cell scintigraphy as an alternative to angiography in the investigation of gastrointestinal bleeding: clinical experience in a district general hospital.

99mTechnetium-labelled red blood cell scintigraphy (99mTc RBC scintigraphy) was used as the second-line investigation to localise bleeding in 23 patients (11 male, 12 female; mean age 67 years) presenting with active bleeding per rectum. Scintigraphy was available on a 24 h basis. A total of 18 patients had positive scans (78%). Surgery was performed urgently in 11 patients and the site of bleeding, as predicted by scintigraphy, was confirmed in 9 (82%). 99mTc RBC scintigraphy was less useful in patients who were not bleeding actively or who were being investigated for chronic anaemia. This study suggests that 99mTc RBC scintigraphy can play a useful role in the preoperative localisation of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitals with nuclear medicine facilities, but confirms it has little place in the management of patients unless they are bleeding actively.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Gasoline contact burns.

In the past four years, four cases of gasoline contact burns have been treated at the Detroit General Hospital Emergency Department. Signs are erythema and blister formation within 24 hours. Treatment is removal of contaminated clothing and washing the surface with soap and water plus open exposure of the wounds. Renal failure is not caused by skin absorption but may develop following inhalation.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1978

Drug injection injuries of the hands: evaluation and treatment.

Twenty-six patients with hand infections caused by drug injection were seen at Detroit General Hospital between 1974 and 1976 and were followed up. The duration of drug abuse was 2 to 25 years. The time before the patient sought medical help ranged from three days to 20 weeks. Among the 26 patients were three webspace infections, three finger abscesses, four gangrene of distal phalanx, nine cellulitis and abscess, one ulceration of the thenar eminence, and two ulcerations of the volar aspect. Follow-up was difficult due to unreliability of drug addicts.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Antidiuretic hormone levels during cardiopulmonary bypass.

The effect of CPB on plasma ADH levels, urine flow, and urine osmolality was studied in nine patients. All patients received morphine, 1 mg. per kilogram, and 50 per cent nitrous oxide-50 per cent oxygen for anesthesia. CPB utilized a Travenol disposable bubble oxygenator and the prime consisted of 3 L. of Ringer's lactate. Measurements were made prior to induction of anesthesia , at 30 minutes following surgical incision, and at 15, 30, and 45 minutes during CPB. There were no statistically significant changes in mean arterial BP, cardiac index, serum sodium, or serum osmolality in any period. Urine flow increased from 0.99 +/- 0.3 ml. per minute to a high of 6.13 +/- 2.0 ml. per minute at 30 minute at 30 minutes on CPB (P less than 0.02). Urine osmolality declined from a control value of 691 +/- 142 mOsm. per kilogram to a low of 425 +/- 48 mOsm. per kilogram at 45 minutes on CPB (p less than 0.05). ADH levels rose from a control value of 4.3 +/- 1.5 to 13.0 +/- 3.3 pg. per milliliter with surgical stimulatiion (p less than 0.05). During CPB the ADH levels rose to a peak of 23.7 +/- 3.6 pg. per milliliter at 30 minutes (p less than 0.01) and were declining at 45 minutes. These data suggest that the stress of CPB results in an outpouring of ADH (or vasopressin) to function as a pressor to produce an increase in peripheral resistance. The ADH concentrations far exceed those required for normal physiologic control of water excretion and the urineflow will thus vary more with the hemodynamic changes than with the ADH levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Iodination and purification of oxytocin.

Oxytocin was iodinated using the thallium chloride method. Purification of iodination reaction mixture on Sephadex G-10 and G-15 was compared. Sephadex G-10 effected the separation of iodo-oxytocin from excess free radioiodide. Sephadex G-15 succeeded in separating iodinated from non-iodinated oxytocin as well as from readioiodide. It was found that the storage of unfractionated iodination mixture resulted in an apparent increase in the molecular size of iodinated hormone and that this process was accelerated at temperatures of -20 degrees in comparison with 4 degrees.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

Vasopressin contamination as a cause of some apparent renal actions of prolactin.

The injection or infusion of NIAMDD prolactin (NIH P-S-10) into unanesthetized rats resulted in water and electrolyte retention with a large increase in urine osmolality but no effect on glomerular filtration rate. Since these effects on urine output were also observed in homozygous Brattleboro rats, the antidiuretic activity could not have caused by the release of endogenous antidiuretic hormone. Radioimmunoassay of NIH prolactin showed that it was contaminated with vasopressin (20 ng/mg of prolactin). By comparison, Sigma prolactin had no observed effect on urine excretion and contained very little vasopressin (2.5 ng/mg). It is concluded that some of the renal effects of prolactin have been reported in the literature may have been caused by the contaminating vasopressin.

Animals↗