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Biomedical subjects

N Yamane

Publications and source records attributed to N Yamane.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Comparative clinical study of azithromycin with tosufloxacin tosilate in the treatment of acute odontogenic infection].

To objectively assess azithromycin (AZM) for its clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness in the treatment of acute odontogenic infections (periodontitis, pericoronitis and osteitis of the jaw), a double-blind, randomized, multi-center trial was conducted in which tosufloxacin tosilate (TFLX) was used as the control drug. AZM was administered to 90 patients at a once-daily 500 mg dose for 3 days, while TFLX was given to 90 patients at a 150 mg t.i.d. dose for 7 days. 1. The clinical efficacy rates calculated according to evaluation at an endpoint set on the 3rd day of treatment by a committee of experts were 85.9% (73/85) in the AZM group and 78.9% (71/90) in the TFLX group. No statistically significant difference between the treatment groups was detected, and clinical equivalence was verified (p = 0.002). 2. The clinical efficacy rates according to evaluations made by investigators at the end-of-tail point was 87.1% (74/85) in the AZM group and 73.3% (66/90) in the TFLX group. The efficacy rate in the AZM group was higher than that in the TFLX group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.006). 3. The bacteriological elimination rate in the AZM group was 97.5% (39/40) and that in the TFLX group was 85.7% (30/35), but the difference was deemed statistically not significant. 4. Adverse reactions were observed in 11 of 88 cases (12.5%) in the AZM group and 5 of 90 cases (5.6%) in the TFLX group. Six of 85 cases (7.1%) in the AZM group and 5 of 85 cases (5.9%) in the TFLX group showed laboratory abnormalities. However, neither adverse reactions nor laboratory abnormalities showed any differences in statistical significance between the treatment groups. 5. The safety rates, expressed as percentages of cases with no adverse events and no laboratory abnormalities, was 84.1% (74/88) in the AZM group and 90.0% (81/90) in the TFLX group. The difference between the two groups was found to be statistically insignificant. 6. The usefulness rates, the ratio of cases rated as either "Very useful" or "Useful", was 83.9% (73/87) in the AZM group, and it was statistically higher (p = 0.025) than 72.2% (65/90) obtained for TFLX group. Judging from the above results, it has been concluded that AZM is as useful as TFLX in the treatment of acute dental infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Antimicrobial activity of FK-037, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. International in vitro comparison with cefepime and ceftazidime.

The in vitro activity of FK-037, a new parenteral 7-aminothiazolyl-methoxyimino cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime and ceftazidime against 6094 aerobic isolates collected in six medical centers worldwide. FK-037 demonstrated potent activity against the Enterobacteriaceae family except for some Enterobacter spp., Providencia spp., and Serratia liquefaciens (MIC90s, > or = 16 micrograms/ml). Against nonenteric Gram-negative bacilli, all compounds tested showed similar, but more limited activity. The FK-037 MIC50s for Pseudomonas spp. and P. aeruginosa were 2 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively. The least susceptible organisms were Xanthomonas maltophilia, enterococci, and Bacillus spp. (MIC50s, > 16 micrograms/ml), followed by Flavobacterium spp., other nonenterics, and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50s, 16 micrograms/ml). Good FK-037 activity was observed against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci as well as against beta-hemolytic and viridans-group streptococci (MIC90 range, < or = 0.12 to 2 micrograms/ml). While FK-037 was slightly more active than cefepime against Gram-positive organisms, enteric bacilli were most susceptible to cefepime. Overall, the antibacterial spectrum of both FK-037 and cefepime was superior to ceftazidime.

Cefepime↗
PubMed1994

Levofloxacin in vitro activity: results from an international comparative study with ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

Levofloxacin, the S-(-)-isomer of ofloxacin, was compared to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against > 6000 recent clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from six different countries. This international multicenter study demonstrated a high level of antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against all the members of Enterobacteriaceae [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50s, < or = 0.03 to 0.12 mg/L] except Providencia rettgeri (MIC50, 2 mg/L), and Providencia stuartii (MIC50, 1 mg/L). Oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci (MIC50s, 0.12 to 0.25 mg/L), enterococci (MIC50s, 0.5 to 2 mg/L), and streptococci (MIC50s, 0.5 mg/L) were also susceptible to levofloxacin, but most isolates of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci had MICs of > or = 4 mg/L. Levofloxacin was also active against non-enteric Gram-negative bacilli, including Acinetobacter species (MIC50s, < or = 0.03 to 1 mg/L), Pseudomonas species (MIC50s, 0.5 to 1 mg/L) and Xanthomonas maltophilia (MIC50, 0.5 mg/L). Overall, levofloxacin inhibited 50% and 90% of all the tested strains at the concentrations of 0.12 and 4 mg/L, respectively. The activity of levofloxacin was generally two-fold greater than ofloxacin and equal to or slightly less potent than ciprofloxacin.

Asia↗
PubMed1994

[Multi-center evaluation to discriminate between the strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and those susceptible (MSSA) by Showa oxacillin and methicillin disk susceptibility tests].

The Showa disk susceptibility test using two penicillinase-resistant penicillins, oxacillin and methicillin, was evaluated to discriminate between the strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and those susceptible (MSSA) in the multi-center trials. The study included 651 clinical isolates of S. aureus, comprising of 329 MRSA and 322 MSSA isolates. The inhibitory zone diameters by Showa disks to oxacillin and methicillin highly correlated with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined by standard agar dilutions with 0.961 and 0.930 correlation coefficients, respectively. Of 651 duplicate MIC determinations, 79.9% (oxacillin) and 80.3% (methicillin) were within +/- 1 log2 dilutions with each other. When Showa oxacillin and methicillin disks were incubated at 35 degrees C, sensitivity and specificity of oxacillin to detect MRSA were 95.4% and 98.1%, and those of methicillin were 94.8% and 95.2%. When tested on agar plates supplemented with 5% NaCl, sensitivity and specificity markedly improved to > 97%. Also, when incubated at 30 degrees C, sensitivity and specificity became to nearly 100%. Of 329 MRSA isolates, the interpretive criteria combined with incubation at 30 degrees C and testing onto 5% NaCl supplemented agar plates could correctly identify 324 (98.5%) and 329 (100%) isolates, respectively. In conclusion, when the Showa oxacillin and methicillin disk susceptibility tests were employed exactly according to the manufacturer's instruction, the test performances to detect MRSA were enough reliable to screen MRSA isolates in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Methicillin↗
PubMed1994

[Multi-center evaluation of Showa ceftizoxime disk susceptibility test to discriminate between the strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and those susceptible (MSSA)].

An increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MRSA) has a serious therapeutic problem, and accurate methods to detect such strains are needed. We studied the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus to ceftizoxime, in comparison with those to four other cephems (cefazolin, cefoxitin, latamoxef and cefmenoxime), by broth microdilutions and disk susceptibility tests, and also evaluated whether the reagents, in replace of penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRPs), could discriminate between the strains of MRSA and those susceptible to PRPs (MSSA). A total of 651 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from six geographically different hospitals. All the strains collected were first classified into either MRSA (n = 329) or MSSA (n = 322) according to the interpretations of MRSA screening agar, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to oxacillin and methicillin (NCCLS M7-A2), and the presence or absence of mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction. In broth microdilution tests, the MICs of MRSA to ceftizoxime ranged > or = 64 micrograms/ml, whereas all the MSSA were at the concentration of < or = 16 micrograms/ml. The results of Showa disk diffusion tests highly correlated with those of MIC determinations. The distribution of inhibitory zone diameters to ceftizoxime were clearly divided into two groups; 99.2% (sensitivity) of MRSA had inhibitory zones of < or = 20 mm and 98.9% (specificity) of MSSA produced > or = 21 mm. It was concluded that the Showa ceftizoxime disk susceptibility test was useful and enough reliable to screen MRSA isolates in clinical laboratories.

Ceftizoxime↗
PubMed1993

Immunization of institutionalized asthmatic children and patients with psychomotor retardation using live attenuated cold-adapted reassortment influenza A H1N1, H3N2 and B vaccines.

Live attenuated cold-adapted reassortant (CR) influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in institutionalized asthmatic children and severe psychomotor-retarded (SPR) patients. Almost all the vaccinees were seropositive to the vaccine strains before immunization. Trivalent CR vaccine (containing A H1N1 (CR-125), A H3N2 (CR-149) and B (CRB-117)), bivalent CR vaccine (CR-125 and CR-149) and monovalent CRB-117 were inoculated to 19 asthmatic children and 36 and 16 SPR patients, respectively. Overall 49, 22, and 11% of vaccinees were infected by A H1N1, A H3N2 or B vaccine viruses, respectively, as indicated by significant haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titre rises 4 weeks after inoculation. No severe adverse reactions associated with CR vaccination were observed in the handicapped patients. A nosocomial outbreak of influenza A H1N1 occurred in the ward with asthmatic children, but none of the 19 CR-trivalent vaccinees became infected. However, five of 20 non-vaccinees in the same ward, and ten of 30 vaccinees in another ward that received inactivated split vaccine became infected. The CR vaccines demonstrated significant protective effects against natural exposure to the A H1N1 virus, and were well tolerated and safe when given to patients with bronchial asthma and severe psychomotor retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trivalent cold recombinant influenza live vaccine in institutionalized children with bronchial asthma and patients with psychomotor retardation.

Twenty asthmatic children and 48 patients with severe psychomotor retardation were inoculated intranasally with trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (CR) influenza vaccine containing CR-125 (H1N1), CR-159 (H3N2) and CRB-117 (B). The vaccinees were mostly seropositive. Severe adverse reactions or asthmatic attacks were not observed, but 7 (15%) of 48 vaccinees with severe psychomotor retardation developed mild to moderate fever. Significant antibody responses in hemagglutination-inhibition tests were demonstrated in 33 (49%) vaccinees to CR-125, 20 (29%) to CR-159 and 8 (12%) to CRB-117. Two nosocomial outbreaks of influenza were observed in the subsequent winter. During an outbreak with H3N2 in one ward of severe psychomotor retardation patients, 2 (11%) of 18 vaccinees became infected compared with 10 (48%) of 21 placebo controls in the same ward (P < 0.05). In the other outbreak, with influenza B virus, 2 (14%) of 14 vaccinees and 13 (52%) of 25 controls in the ward for asthmatic children were infected (P < 0.05). The results indicate that trivalent CR vaccine is safe and effective against nosocomial outbreaks of influenza.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on the reduction and correction risk factors for arteriosclerosis in junior high school pupils].

Circulatory system examinations performed on first-grade pupils of junior high schools (12 years old; N = 1,204), identified 105 high-risk pupils with arteriosclerosis-promoting factors. These pupils were consulted on life-style modification, emphasizing nutrition and exercise, and encouraged to practice personal health management and self-monitoring. Reduction and correction of high risk factors were studied in these subjects, based on review of results of health examinations performed regularly up to the time of their graduation. Results are as follows: 1. Averages for obesity grade (for both sexes) in the second and the third years were significantly lower than that in the first year. Based on a general reference value > or = 20%, improvements were observed in 22.5% of males and 50.0% of females. 2. In both sexes average total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were lower in the second and the third years than in the first year, and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol was seen. With regard to a general reference value > or = 3.0 for AI (Atherogenic Index) calculated using TC and HDL cholesterol, improvements (reduction) were observed in 29.4%, of males and 46.2% of females. 3. While the numbers of subjects with elevated SBP, DBP, GPT, FPG and BUN were few, there were significant decreases in averages in the second and third years compared with those in the first year. Using general reference values, improvements in these risks were seen in 100% for all values except for GPT where 75.0% showed improvement. 4. Comparison of grouped distribution of summed values of examination results between the first year and the third year, showed improvements (reduction and correction of risks) in 69 pupils (65.7%), while 30 pupils (28.6%) remained in the same group with no improvement and 6 pupils (5.7%) turned for the worse, dropping one rank.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1992

[Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Kumamoto University Hospital].

An increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has created a serious therapeutic problem. During the period from July to December 1987, the prevalence of MRSA was only 72 strains (35.8%) of 201 total staphylococcal isolates. Since then, the frequency of MRSA has markedly increased to 67.3% in 1989, and at that time it was estimated that 30 patients (3.5%) of 850 total inpatients became infected with MRSA. In an early study in 1987, the majority of the MRSA came from post-operative patients; however in 1989, nearly 40% of MRSA were from internal medicine, mainly from immunocompromised patients. The major source of MRSA isolates was sputum (40%) throughout the years, but the MRSA from blood cultures was first recovered in 1989. Also, the major coagulase serotype of MRSA was type IV (18 of 30) in the 1987-study, then shifted to type II (24 of 40) in 1989. Among the several antimicrobials evaluated, four agents; erythromycin, minocycline, ofloxacin, and gentamicin revealed increasing MICs when compared with the results obtained for the MRSA isolates in 1987 and 1989. In particular, the most of the MICs to minocycline and ofloxacin were categorized to be highly susceptible (less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms/ml) or resistant (greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml). Vancomycin, currently licensed for the MRSA infection, will be highly effective both in vitro and in vivo; however, it examinative of the MRSA isolates in the clinical laboratories, especially to prevent hospital-acquired infections and to follow up the vancomycin susceptibility will be required.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the autoSCAN-W/A rapid bacterial identification system and the Vitek AutoMicrobic system for identification of gram-negative bacilli.

The autoSCAN-W/A (W/A; Baxter MicroScan, West Sacramento, Calif.) with the new fluorometric Rapid Neg Combo 1 (RNC) panel is a fully automated fluorometric system for identification of both enteric and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli within 2 h. We compared the W/A with the Vitek AutoMicrobic System (Vitek AMS; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) for identification of 383 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. The API 20E (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and conventional biochemical testing were used as the reference systems. The W/A correctly identified 336 isolates (87.7%) to the species level and classified an additional 29 isolates (7.6%) as correct with low probability (overall identification = 95.3%); the Vitek AMS correctly identified 355 isolates (92.7%) to the species level and classified an additional 8 isolates (2.1%) as correct with low probability (overall identification = 94.8%). A common set of 134 isolates of gram-negative bacilli was tested in both participating laboratories as a means of assessing interlaboratory agreement with both the W/A and the Vitek AMS. The overall agreements between the two laboratories were 86% with the W/A and 92% with the Vitek AMS. The W/A performed comparably to the Vitek AMS for identification of most gram-negative bacilli, actually exceeding the Vitek AMS for identification of nonenteric bacilli. Rapid time to identification and a high level of automation make the W/A an attractive system for clinical microbiology laboratories.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

[Multi-center evaluation of Showa disk susceptibility to presumptively determine minimum inhibitory concentrations through linear regression analysis].

To confirm the reliability of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined by use of predefined linear regressions to bacterial growth inhibitory zone diameter on Showa disk susceptibility test, the multi-center evaluation along daily routines was performed in comparison with the standard agar dilution method. In total, 4,107 (89.0%) of 4,613 testings gave comparable MICs with 4-fold or less differences to those determined by the standard agar dilutions. The agreement of MICs (less than or equal to 4-fold differences) for gram-negative rods, excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, against 10 antimicrobial agents was estimated to 92.1%, and those for gram-positive cocci against 9 agents and for the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against 8 agents were 84.5% and 81.7%, respectively. With these results, we can conclude that, under the well-controlled test procedures, the MIC correlates determined by Showa disk susceptibility test are enough comparable to those determined by the standard agar dilution method.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the Showa disk].

The Showa disk susceptibility test using two penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRPs: methicillin and oxacillin) and four cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefmetazole, ceftizoxime, and latamoxef) was evaluated to discriminate between the strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and those susceptible (MSSA). Among 129 MRSA and 112 MSSA strains, significant numbers of MRSA found to be false-susceptible to PRPs, especially when incubated at 37 degrees C. Using agar plates supplemented with 5% NaCl, oxacillin disk correctly categorized all the MRSA and MSSA strains, but two MSSA strains were mischaracterized with methicillin disk. All the MSSA strains found to be susceptible against cephalosporins tested, but significant numbers of MRSA were also interpreted to be susceptible. Only the result of ceftizoxime disk susceptibility test highly correlated with methicillin resistance, when incubated at 35 degrees C. All the MRSA did not produce any significant bacterial growth inhibitory zone around the disk, whereas all the MSSA found to be susceptible (19 mm or more), e.g., 100% correlation. With these data, we recommend that ceftizoxime disk susceptibility test, incubated at 35 degrees C, provides a more reliable method to characterize the strains of MRSA and MSSA. The interpretive breakpoint would be used as; less than or equal to 16 mm (greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml) for MRSA.

Methicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1989

Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase by immunoprecipitation method in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The semiautomated kinetic procedure for determining cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase (c-AST) and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) activities was studied by the use of the immunoprecipitation method with anti-c-AST antibody in serum samples. The measured activity for m-AST remained constant after the addition of c-AST up to 1,000 IU/l throughout the 60-min incubation period. The measurements of m-AST activity were reproducible, selective and complete as determined by a purified m-AST. The precision of this method was as good as that of the manual method (CV 2.04%). The present method and the manual method gave approximately equal results for m-AST (r = 0.987). The effects of activations on m- and c-AST activity were compared by the addition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to sera of various diseases. A higher activation ratio by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was observed on both aspartate aminotransferase activities in the serum of patients with ischemic heart diseases than in the serum of patients with liver diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ectopic production of salivary-type amylase by a IgA-lambda-type multiple myeloma.

A patient with IgA-lambda-type multiple myeloma who appeared to be secreting salivary-type amylase ectopically is reported. Both the patient's serum and urine contained high levels of amylase. Amylase activity in the supernatant of cultured myeloma cells, obtained from the patient's pleural effusion while he had malignant pleuritis, increased almost linearly from the time of cell seeding. The presence of IgA and S-type amylase in the myeloma cells was demonstrated cytochemically and by immunoelectron microscopy. These observations showed that amylase was produced by these human myeloma cells.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Quantification of urinary glucose and protein with test-strips through reflectometric analysis.

Reflectometric measurement of urine test-strips, using the Urotron RL9, was employed to quantify urinary glucose and protein. Although the test-strips (Combur-9-Test) are designed for qualitative use, the reflectance intensities determined by the Urotron RL9 are applicable to quantitative analysis. Reflectance quantitation and conventional colorimetric methods were closely correlated for glucose (r = 0.953) and protein (r = 0.906). Intra-assay coefficients of variation of reflectance value were less than 5%. The negative influence of ascorbic acid on glucose determination was defined quantitatively. A significant positive interference from hemoglobin on protein determination was also demonstrated, but effectively eliminated after compensating for urine color.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Serological examination of IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein during influenza virus immunization.

The concentrations of serum IgE (PRIST) and IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein were determined in paired sera taken from students who had received influenza virus vaccine. Although persons who gave a history of allergy to egg or to chicken feathers were excluded, 10-16% of vaccinees possessed higher titres of serum IgE and IgE-specific antibody (RAST) to egg white (F1) allergen before vaccination. The titres of IgG-specific antibody to egg protein (ovalbumin and ovomucoid antigens) were negligible, and did not show any significant response after vaccination. In contrast, IgE-specific antibody to F1 allergen rose significantly in a considerable number of the vaccines. The results obtained indicate possible contamination of vaccine products with allergens of egg origin and a potential risk of allergic manifestation after influenza vaccination.

Allergens↗