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Biomedical subjects

N Yoshioka

Publications and source records attributed to N Yoshioka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy in a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

An idiopathic hypoparathyroidism-induced cardiomyopathy patient had severe long-lasting hypocalcemia. The dramatic improvement of cardiac function with correction of only the serum calcium concentration could be quantitatively demonstrated on both echocardiogram and ventriculogram. The concentration of the extracellular calcium ion was considered to have a direct effect on the strength of the myocardial contraction through excitation-contraction coupling. Furthermore, elevated serum creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels which were thought to be delivered from skeletal muscle returned to the normal range concomitant with the correction of hypocalcemia. The serum calcium concentration and these enzyme level showed significant inverse correlations.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1991

The role of cerebellar flocculus in adaptive gain control of ocular reflexes.

Sustained oscillation of the head of an alert animal with inphase or outphase combination of screen oscillation in the horizontal plane induced marked adaptive changes in the gain of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR). These changes are assumed to be a prototype of motor learning by the cerebellar flocculus. Several lines of experimental evidence, using rabbits or monkeys as experimental material, have consistently suggested that the plastic changes of neuronal activities of a particular group of floccular Purkinje cells (H-cells) are the sources of the HVOR adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Binding of thyroid hormones to human hemoglobin and localization of the binding site.

Radiolabeled thyroid hormones were allowed to bind to erythrocyte cytosol and the complex was fractionated by Sephadex G-100 or by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On Sephadex G-100, four radioactive peaks (P1-P4) were obtained, whereas HPLC gave only three radioactive peaks (P1-P3). Chromatographic studies with human adult Hb and non-Hb cytosol protein fractions, which had been reacted with radiolabeled thyroid hormones, and immune precipitation with specific antisera for the hormones, confirmed that the first peak of Sephadex G-100 radioactivity was a mixture of Hb and non-Hb proteins, while the second peak was Hb. The third peak was free 125I and the fourth peak was unbound 125I-T3 or 125I-T4. The third peak of HPLC was confirmed to be a mixture of free 125I and unbound radiolabeled thyroid hormones. Scatchard analysis of the interaction between T4 and apo-Hb, and the alpha- and beta-chains of human Hb suggested the presence of the specific binding site(s) for the hormone. Interaction between T4 and synthesized peptides, which constitute the heme pocket of the beta-chain of Hb (beta 61-75, beta 71-85, beta 81-95), indicated that the T4 binding site of Hb resides within the heme-binding cavity. It is concluded that human erythrocyte cytosol does not contain "receptor" for thyroid hormones and cannot be a model for studying functions of cytosol "receptor" for the hormones; rather, it contains binding protein with large binding capacity, including Hb and non-Hb proteins, which possibly constitute a large reservoir for the hormone in blood.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1990

The 30 kDa abnormal protein in avian dystrophic muscle is indistinguishable from carbonic anhydrase III by physicochemical, immunological, and enzymological criteria.

In the accompanying paper, we described the existence, molecular characterization, and ontogeny of a 30 kDa abnormal protein in chicken dystrophic muscles. In this study, we have purified chicken carbonic anhydrase III and the 30 kDa protein and directly compared them. In terms of its enzymological features, the 30 kDa protein is a typical carbonic anhydrase III. Like carbonic anhydrases, it contains one mole zinc per mole of protein. The protein selectively cross-reacted with a chicken carbonic anhydrase III antibody. Antibody to the 30 kDa protein cross-reacted with chicken skeletal muscle carbonic anhydrase III. Moreover, the distribution of the abnormal protein is exactly identical to that of carbonic anhydrase III; however, there is a possibility that the 30 kDa protein is a variant of carbonic anhydrase III. Slight differences were found in antigenicities and in the apparent molecular weights of the two proteins. We have compared the two proteins by 125I-labeled two-dimensional peptide mapping. Tryptic maps have shown that the two proteins are highly homologous. Combined, these results strongly indicate that the 30 kDa protein and carbonic anhydrase III are similar, if not identical.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of great omental leiomyosarcoma with perforation into the jejunum].

The case is a 56-year-old woman, who came to our hospital for bloody flux as chief complaint. Small intestine radiography examination revealed findings suspected of jejunal leiomyosarcoma, but selective angiography confirmed a tumor deep-infected image with omental artery alone as arteria nutricia, leading to the diagnosis as omental tumor.

Female↗
PubMed1989

A case of multiple symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung's disease).

A case of multiple symmetric lipomatosis in a 61-year-old man is described. The patient had the striking appearance that characterizes multiple symmetric lipomatosis. He had a history of alcohol abuse. Before admission to our institution, he underwent surgical treatment three times at other hospitals. We describe his clinical course and review the literature.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

Effects of dietary treatment on serum insulin and proinsulin response in newly diagnosed NIDDM.

Serum proinsulin is disproportionately elevated both in the basal state and after an oral glucose load in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, there is no detailed information about the effect of glycemic control on this abnormality. We investigated the effect of glycemic control by dietary treatment on serum proinsulin level in the basal state and in response to an oral glucose load. Ten NIDDM patients (7 men and 3 women), aged 19-60 yr, with mean (+/- SD) body mass index of 28 +/- 6 kg/m2 (range 21-42 kg/m2) and normal renal and liver function were studied. Before and after dietary therapy (25-30 kcal/kg ideal body wt), 100-g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Proinsulin was measured with our proinsulin-specific antiserum, which recognizes the connecting site of the B-chain of insulin and C-peptide. After dietary treatment, fasting plasma glucose decreased from 197 +/- 35 to 113 +/- 18 mg/dl (P less than .001). Both serum insulin and proinsulin decreased (insulin from 15 +/- 8 to 10 +/- 4 microU/ml, P less than .02; proinsulin from 31 +/- 18 to 13 +/- 5 pM, P less than .02), and the molar ratio of proinsulin to insulin also tended to decrease (from 0.321 +/- 0.08 to 0.24 +/- 0.10, P less than .10). Insulin response to oral glucose increased after dietary treatment, whereas proinsulin response did not change, resulting in a significant decrease in the molar ratio of the area under the curve of proinsulin to insulin after glucose load (from 0.28 +/- 0.12 to 0.13 +/- 0.07, P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field].

The usefulness of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in the treatment of pediatric infections was evaluated. 1. Twenty pediatric patients with infection were treated with SBT/ABPC and an intravenous dosage of 27.8-47.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Clinical efficacies in 18 patients excluding 2 patients of Mycoplasma pneumonia (9 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract infection, 1 tonsillitis, 1 maxillary sinusitis and 1 osteomyelitis) were judged to be excellent in 13 patients and good in 5. There was no case of failure. 2. Bacteriological efficacies against 16 strains (1 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Enterococcus faecalis, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 Escherichia coli and 1 Serratia sp.) isolated from 13 of the 18 patients were rated as "eradicated" for 13 strains, "decreased" for 1 and "unchanged" for 2 with an eradication rate of 81.3%. Of 13 strains eradicated, 3 were those with high beta-lactamase productivity. 3. Rash as a side effect developed in 1 patient and eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 7 patients but none of them were serious. 4. Blood levels of the drug following an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg were determined in 2 pediatric patients. Blood levels of SBT and ABPC at 30 minutes after intravenous administration were 19.0 and 29.2 micrograms/ml in one patient and 21.0 and 31.6 micrograms/ml in another, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 0.48 and 0.62 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.59 and 0.89 microgram/ml in another, respectively. The half-lives of SBT were 0.67 and 0.70 hour and those of ABPC were 0.64 and 0.69 hour in the 2 patients, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical study on the utility of endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of common bile duct stone].

Using the cholangiofiberscope, electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed in 20 patients with biliary tract stones. In all cases, stones were destroyed and removed without any serious complications. Since these treatments no recurrence of stones has been recognized (average 8.6 months, longest 16 months). The average period of PTCD needed for the treatments was 34.3 +/- 8.1 days, and the average number of treatments needed was 1.7 +/- 1.0. The average time taken was 91 +/- 26 minutes, and the period from PTCD until hospital discharge was 39.8 +/- 6.1 days for cases of common bile duct stone, and 46.3 +/- 8.8 days for common bile duct and gall bladder stone. This period for cases of common bile duct stone is equivalent to that taken by surgical procedures in our hospital. This treatment seems to be at least as good as EST or surgery for cases of common bile duct stone. It is especially appropriate for those patients who reject surgery, are elderly, poor risks, or recurrent cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

HLA DR antigens in adult-onset and juvenile-onset Japanese insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

In order to discover the HLA DR antigens linked to Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), and to relate them to the clinical features, HLA DR antigens were examined in 75 IDDM patients including 56 adult-onset cases. Among the tested HLA DR antigens, 4, w9 and w13 were significantly more frequent in IDDM (55%, 47% and 27% respectively). The relative risk was 1.71 for DR4, 2.81 for DRw9 and 4.74 for DRw13. DR2 was significantly less frequent and the relative risk was 0.14. The distribution of DR antigens did not differ between juvenile-onset and adult-onset IDDM, males and females, or cases with and without thyroid autoantibodies. Homozygotes for DRw9 were, but those for DRw13 and DR4 were not more frequent than expected by a random combination. Heterozygotes for DR4 and w9 were less frequent while other heterozygotes for high-risk antigens were as frequent as expected. 97% of IDDM had either DR4, w9 or w13. In conclusion, HLA DR4, w9 and w13 were significantly increased in patients with both juvenile- and adult-onset IDDM. There was no surplus increase in the frequency of IDDM patients with two high-risk HLA DR antigens, more than expected from random combination of each of these DR antigens. Clinical features did not differ among IDDM patients with each of these three antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Serum proinsulin levels at fasting and after oral glucose load in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

A simple and sensitive human proinsulin radioimmunoassay system was developed using guinea pig anti-proinsulin serum, which cross-reacted neither with human insulin nor C-peptide. The recognition site of the antiserum seems to be located near the junction between the B chain and C-peptide. With this assay system, we studied the serum proinsulin concentration at fasting and after an oral 100 g glucose load in 25 healthy subjects, 21 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and 40 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. At fasting, serum proinsulin was 5.8 +/- 3.3 pmol/l in normal subjects as compared to 9.5 +/- 6.9 pmol/l (p less than 0.05) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and 12.6 +/- 7.5 pmol/l (p less than 0.001) in diabetic patients. The molar ratio of proinsulin to insulin was also increased in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes compared to control subjects. After a 100 g oral glucose load, serum proinsulin increased more slowly than insulin. The proinsulin response after an oral glucose load was augmented in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, while the insulin response decreased with the elevation of fasting plasma glucose. Diabetic patients with high fasting plasma glucose had a very poor insulin response, but the proinsulin response was similar to control subjects. There was a linear correlation between summed proinsulin values and summed insulin values, but the slope of the regression line was steeper in diabetic patients than in control subjects. There was a relative increase in serum proinsulin both in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aerobic threshold, anaerobic threshold, and maximal oxygen uptake of Japanese speed-skaters.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiologic and metabolic parameters of speed-skaters with different training regimes and performance level and examine some physiologic prerequisites for speed-skating. The subjects were 25 male speed-skaters including members of the 1984 Japanese National Speed Skating Team whose ages ranged from 19 to 25 years. Aerobic threshold (AerT), anaerobic threshold (AnT), and VO2max were determined during a progressive bicycle ergometer exercise. The power was increased by 12.25 W every 3 min to exhaustion. AerT was determined using gas exchange variables; nonlinear increase in VE and VCO2, and peak VO2.VE-1. AnT was estimated from breakaway VE and the onset of decrease in FECO2.VO2max was measured during another incremental exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Mean AerT, AnT, and VO2max for skaters (n = 25) were 2.47 +/- 0.36.min-1 (61.1 +/- 7.2 %VO2max), 2.93 +/- 0.33.min-1 (73.4 +/- 5.9 %VO2max), and 4.06 +/- 0.42.min-1, respectively. All-arounders had higher AerT values but the same VO2max as sprinters. AnT of all-arounders was significantly higher than those of sprinters. A significant difference between the top ten elite skaters and the other skaters (n = 15) was found only in VO2max expressed as l.min-1. However, no significant correlation was noted between measured physiologic variables (AerT, AnT, and VO2max) and performances expressed as mean velocities at various events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Reduced urinary insulin clearance in patient with abnormal insulinemia.

We recently reported a new case of abnormal insulinemia with LeuA3 insulin. Herein, we measured urinary insulin clearance during oral glucose tolerance tests in proband with abnormal insulinemia (44-yr-old female), three affected family members, two unaffected family members, two other hyperinsulinemic patients with obesity, five non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and five normal control subjects. Urinary insulin-to-creatinine clearance ratio in the proband and her affected family members was 0.22 X 10(-3) +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SD, n = 4) and was markedly reduced compared with those of other groups: 1.73 X 10(-3) in two unaffected family members, 2.77 X 10(-3) in two other hyperinsulinemic patients with obesity, 2.99 X 10(-3) +/- 1.48 in five non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and 2.54 X 10(-3) +/- 0.67 in five normal control subjects. In contrast, urinary C-peptide clearance in these groups was not significantly different from controls. Binding of immunopurified insulins extracted from urine of the patients with abnormal insulinemia to guinea pig kidney membrane was slightly decreased (71% of standard insulin), in contrast with the observation that serum insulin of the proband had much less receptor-binding activity. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis of the immunopurified insulin of the proband revealed that the ratios of normal insulin to abnormal insulin were 8:3 in urine and 1:7 in serum, respectively. These results suggest that excretion of abnormal insulin in urine is much less than that of normal insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antigenic regions on the beta chain of human chorionic gonadotropin and development of hormone specific antibodies.

Five peptides corresponding to four regions of the beta chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), were synthesized, purified and characterized. The four regions studied were selected on the basis of sequence differences between the beta chain of hCG (beta hCG) and the beta chains of related hormones. The peptides were found to bind rabbit and mouse anti-hCG antibodies as well as rabbit anti-beta chain antibodies, but did not bind antibodies against the alpha chain or against other hormones. All the peptides, even in their free form, were able to elicit high titer antisera in both rabbits and mice. In all cases, anti-peptide antisera bound to the immunizing peptide as well as to the native hCG and the isolated beta chain. These anti-peptide antisera did not bind to unrelated peptides, the alpha chain of hCG or to other hormones with very similar beta chains such as human luteotropic hormone (hLH), ovine luteotropic hormone (oLH) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Since the areas represented by these peptides elicit antibodies that are specific for human beta hCG, they can formulate the basis for the development of discriminatory reagents for the beta chain of hCG.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1987

[Bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field].

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic, was studied bacteriologically and clinically. 1. The MIC and MBC values of FMOX and cefuzonam (CZON) were determined against strains of Staphylococcus aureus recently isolated from clinical materials. In MICs against methicillin- and cefazolin (CEZ)-sensitive strains, FMOX and CZON were almost equivalent. In MBC, FMOX showed lower values than CZON. Against resistant strains, both MIC and MBC values indicated that FMOX was superior to CZON, and particularly, values showed large differences in MBC. 2. FMOX was administered intravenously at doses of 20.0-35.1 mg/kg 3 or 4 times daily to 17 children aged 2 months to 8 years. The therapeutic effect was determined in 16 cases (pneumonia 9 cases, pyothorax 1, urinary tract infection 2, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 1, cellulitis 2 and arthritis 1). One remaining case was unevaluable and later found to be mycoplasmal pneumonia. The effect was determined as excellent in 10 cases and good in 6 cases. All the causative organisms detected in these evaluable cases were eliminated. 3. There were no symptoms or findings that suggested the occurrence of side effects of the drug in any of the 17 cases. With regard to laboratory values, a slight elevation of GPT was found in 1 case only. 4. In a case with pyothorax, the concentration of the drug in the pleural fluid determined on the day following the initiation of treatment was 18.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after intravenous injection of the drug at 33 mg/kg. The concentration was 46.7 times as high as the MIC (0.39 micrograms/ml) against the causative organism S. aureus. 5. Two doses of FMOX were intravenously administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg to a female infant ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection which had been treated with other drugs. In this case showing relatively low cell counts of 171-240/mm3 in the ventricular fluid, concentrations of the drug measured by HPLC were as low as 0.53 and 0.98 micrograms/ml 1 hour after intravenous injection of the drug. 6. The above results suggested that FMOX is a new antibiotic drug easy to use and effective for the treatment of general infections in children.

Age Factors↗