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Biomedical subjects

N Zöllner

Publications and source records attributed to N Zöllner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of acarbose on serum lipoproteins in healthy individuals during prolonged administration of a fiber-free formula diet.

The effects of the disaccharidase inhibitor acarbose on serum lipoprotein lipid concentrations were investigated in healthy subjects during prolonged feeding of a fiber-free formula diet. Acarbose was shown to decrease cholesterol and fasting triglyceride concentrations, whereas the postprandial increment of triglycerides was not diminished. The response of fasting triglycerides to acarbose treatment appeared to be related to dietary fat intake, but not to the drug-induced reduction of postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Both the triglyceride and the cholesterol lowering efficacy were less pronounced with a higher amount of saturated fat than with a lower intake of fat mainly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The decrease in total cholesterol was shown to be a consequence of a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Since high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations remained unaltered, the ratio of HDL/LDL cholesterol changed in a beneficial way.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1989

Effects of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and pyridylcarbinol in pharmacological dosages on lipid metabolism in humans.

The clinical use of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and pyridylcarbinol as drugs against hypercholesterolemia is critically reviewed. Though several questions remain open as to the mode of action of these compounds, it is concluded that they indeed belong to the most useful drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and for the prevention of coronary disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Reduction of Lp(a) by different methods of plasma exchange.

Lipoprotein(a) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The effect of different forms of plasmapheresis therapy on the removal of Lp(a) is examined. Plasmapheresis is successfully administered in a small number of hypercholesteremic patients who fail to respond to conventional therapy. Comparison of four different methods of plasma exchange (albumin substitution, anti-apoB antibody column, LDL precipitation, filtration) reveals significant differences in effectiveness in the ability to lower plasma Lp(a): plasma exchange with albumin und LDL precipitation seem to be the most effective, plasma filtration the least.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Unusual but reversible hepatic lesions following long-term treatment with pyridylcarbinol for familial hypercholesterolemia.

We report two cases of unusual hepatic lesions following years of monotherapy with pyridylcarbinol (timespan) in a daily dose of 1.35 to 1.5 g for familial hypercholesterolemia. Mild elevations of liver enzymes correlated to a large tumor-like mass in the gallbladder region in one case and nodular changes in the whole liver (diagnosed by ultrasound) similar to metastatic lesions. After discontinuation of pyridylcarbinol the changes in the liver regressed markedly in both cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Actinomycosis of the skin in HIV infection].

A 29-year-old woman with HIV-infection developed disseminated abscesses of the skin, identified as an infection with Actinomyces israelii. To our knowledge, actinomycosis associated with HIV-infection (AIDS-related complex) has been reported only once previously.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in young patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Patients with heterozygous and homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia exhibit a high incidence of premature coronary heart disease, presumably due to atheromatous plaque-formation in the coronary arteries. Clinical symptoms develop when the disease has progressed to more severe stages of atherosclerosis. Aim of our study was to visualize and document early atheromatous lesions in the carotid arteries of asymptomatic patients with familial hypercholesterolemia under 30 years of age by Duplex-scan. Of 44 patients, 70% had detectable carotid plaques, while only 12% of the controls were affected. All patients with severe carotid disease had serum cholesterol levels above 350 mg/dl. In the age group 2-20 years, 66% of the patients exhibited plaques. Only 6% of the FH patients 21-30 years had normal carotid arteries. We conclude that the process of atheromatous plaque formation in patients with FH starts early in life, severity of atherosclerosis being a function of both extent and duration of hypercholesterolemia. Duplex-scan examination of the carotid arteries is efficient and precise non-invasive method suitable to visualize this process and, by measuring regression, monitor the efficacy of therapeutic measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of equal amounts of linoleic acid in orally administered, polyunsaturated phospholipids or in safflower oil on blood lipoproteins].

The effects of polyenylphosphatidylcholine in a dosage of 10 g per day were compared with an equimolar amount of linoleic acid in 7 g safloroil per day in 8 healthy subjects for 3 weeks. The concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B were measured in serum, as well in VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL2, HDL3 on the day before, after 2 and 3 weeks of application and 6 months after the experiment. The diet was controlled 10 days before and during the experiment using the dietary recall method. According to the dietary records there was an increase of fat supply during application of polyenylphosphatidylcholine inhibiting decrease of LDL cholesterol, which was observed with safloroil. Phospholipid concentrations increased significantly with polyenylphosphatidylcholine in VLDL. Apolipoprotein B in LDL was significantly decreased by both substances. Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II in HDL increased significantly with polyenylphosphatidylcholine. With safloroil this effect was limited to apolipoprotein A-I, but less impressive. The effects of both substances are comparable in the decrease of apolipoprotein B and probably cholesterol. A special effect of polyenylphosphatidylcholine was observed on phospholipids in VLDL and on apolipoprotein A-I and A-II in HDL.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Decrease of serum lipoproteins and increase in apolipoproteins A-I and A-II following oral administration of multiple unsaturated phospholipids. Observations on the effect of nutrition on the results].

Polyenylphosphatidylcholine was given orally in a dosage of 10 g per day to 10 healthy subjects for 4 weeks. The concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, apolipoproteins AI, AII, and B were measured in serum, as were very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and high density lipoproteins every 3 h on the day before and after the 4 weeks of application. The diet was controlled 10 days before and during the experiment using the dietary recall method. The evaluation of the diet records showed that 5 subjects had increased and 5 subjects had decreased their fat consumption in exchange for carbohydrates during the experiment. Nevertheless body weight remained constant within +/- 1 kg. Cholesterol in serum and low density lipoprotein decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant. In spite of dietary changes apolipoprotein AI and AII in high density lipoproteins increased significantly. We conclude that the influence of drugs on serum lipids can only be evaluated in conjunction with reliable control of the diet.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Alteration of oral carbohydrate tolerance during administration of a fiber-free formula diet.

Fiber-free formula diets are widely used for medical and experimental purposes. In healthy individuals no major changes of fasting blood glucose have been reported, whereas oral glucose tolerance tests indicate a deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance following ingestion of liquid diets containing certain sugars. We examined carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects during prolonged administration of a fiber-free semisolid diet containing polysaccharides instead of sugars. In the first experiment, diet A (55% starch, 40% highly polyunsaturated fat, P/S 5.4, 15% protein) served as the sole source of energy for 4 weeks. During this time a progressive deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance was observed, indicated by a gradual increase of the postprandial glycemic response (area under the curve) from -316 to +3874 mg/dl X min without significant alteration of postprandial serum insulin concentrations. For the second study, nutrient relations of the diet were modified (diet B: 45% starch, 40% saturated fat, P/S 0.3, 15% protein). The changes of carbohydrate tolerance during 1 week of feeding diet B were similar to those seen in the first experiment. However, follow-up observations during a subsequent pharmacological trial showed that the changes of postprandial blood glucose curves were reversed within 2 weeks. This was associated with an enhanced serum insulin response. The reason for the different durations of the metabolic effects of diets A and B are not obvious from our data. The time course may have been influenced by the different nutrient intake. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were not sensitive enough to detect the deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries documented by duplex scan as a predictor of coronary artery disease in familial hyperlipidemias.

The degree of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries was evaluated in 85 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and in 43 patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia by means of Duplex scan which recognizes early atherosclerosis. In patients older than 40 years carotid atherosclerosis of moderate degree was associated with coronary heart disease in 90% of cases. The extent of elevated cholesterol, age, cigarette smoking, and hypertension determined the degree of carotid atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Changes in serum lipoproteins in humans following the infusion of a fat emulsion containing medium- and long-chain triglycerides.

A fat emulsion containing equal parts of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and emulsified with egg phospholipids (Lipofundin MCT 10%) was compared with LCT emulsions (Intralipid 10%, egg phospholipids; Lipofundin S 10%, soya phospholipids) in six volunteers, using 4-h periods of infusion and doses of 0.15 g kg-1 body h-1. At the end of infusion very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride concentrations were highest with Intralipid, marginally less with Lipofundin MCT and lowest with Lipofundin S. With Lipofundin MCT infusion the proportions of free medium-chain fatty acids in serum reached 30%. In VLDL the ratios triglycerides/apolipoprotein B and triglycerides/phospholipids rose most after Lipofundin MCT and least after Lipofundin S. With Lipofundin MCT and Intralipid, surface components in low density lipoproteins (LDL) are lessened in relation to the internal components; this does not occur with Lipofundin S. High density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions are influenced in identical directions by all fat emulsions with exception of a single increase of phospholipids in (HDL3) after Lipofundin MCT.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: successful symptomatic therapy by high dose oral administration of ribose.

A 55 years old patient suffering from exercise-induced muscle pain and stiffness due to primary myoadenylate deaminase deficiency has been successfully treated with D-ribose since 1984: single doses of 4 grams administered at the beginning of exercise prevented the symptoms completely; on continuation of exercise this dose had to be repeated all 10-30 min. Total doses of 50-60 g per day were tolerated without side-effects.

AMP Deaminase↗
PubMed1986

Regression of valvular aortic stenosis due to homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia following plasmapheresis.

A 39-year-old male with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia confirmed by tissue culture suffered from mild aortic insufficiency and valvular stenosis with a gradient of 20 mm Hg across the aortic valve. Plasmapheresis carried out every 2 weeks for 4 years resulted in a marked reduction in the serum cholesterol level and in a regression of the valvular stenosis, as shown by echocardiography and by left heart catheter.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison of the effect of linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid on prostaglandin biosynthesis and thrombocyte function in humans].

Platelet aggregation, bleeding time, prostaglandin biosynthesis and plasma cholesterol fatty acids were investigated in 12 healthy females (25-32 years), who were given different amounts of linolenic acid (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% of total energy intake) or eicosapentaenoic acid (1.7%) with formula diets for 2 weeks each. Linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids prolonged the bleeding time and inhibited platelet aggregation and prostaglandin biosynthesis. These effects became apparent after a linolenic acid intake of 12% of the energy intake. A decrease in PGE in 24 h urine was observed after intake of linolenic acid amounting to 8% of energy intake. Eicosapentaenoic acid influenced all parameters measured ten times more than linolenic acid. Linolenic acid intake had no effect on the ratio of linoleic/arachidonic acids in plasma cholesterol esters in contrast to in vitro findings. Thus energy intake comprising 1.7% of eicosapentaenoic acid is sufficient to affect thrombocyte function in man. The concomitant intake of linolenic-type fatty acids inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha to different degrees.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Lyme arthritis: clinical features, serological, and radiographic findings of cases in Germany.

The clinical manifestations, serological data, and radiographic findings of ten cases of Lyme arthritis in Germany are summarized. Qualitative assessment shows that the characteristics of the disease in Germany do not differ fundamentally from those reported in the USA. However, since a serological test for antibodies to the causative spirochete is now available, the great variety of the clinical features of Lyme arthritis can be described more precisely. The cases of chronic Lyme arthritis without prior erythema chronicum migrans, hitherto the most important diagnostic hallmark of the disease, may have been underestimated. One of the cases reported provides evidence that the disease was transmitted via a fly bite. Radiographic abnormalities consisting of marked juxta-articular osteoporosis and osseous erosions were found in two patients with chronic arthritis. Three patients were treated with high-dose intravenous penicillin, two did not respond to the therapy.

Adolescent↗