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Biomedical subjects

N Zachariades

Publications and source records attributed to N Zachariades.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

A nonsecretable cell surface mutant of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) kills by cell-to-cell contact.

In addition to the induction of tumor regression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated as the causative agent in a number of pathologies, including cachexia, septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmunity, and induction of HIV expression. We propose that this complex physiology might be manifest by different forms of TNF: the 17 kd secretory component, the 26 kd transmembrane form, or both. To determine whether the 26 kd form of TNF was biologically active and whether its biology differed from that of the secretory component, we generated uncleavable and solely secretable mutants of TNF and studied their biological activities. We found that an uncleavable mutant of the 26 kd cell surface transmembrane form of TNF kills tumor cells and virus-infected cells by cell-to-cell contact, and that TNF need not be internalized by its target to kill. Thus, the 26 kd integral transmembrane form of TNF may function in vivo to kill tumor cells and other targets locally in contrast to the systemic bioactivity of the secretory component.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Facial trauma in women resulting from violence by men.

In a 2 1/2-year period, 546 women with facial injuries were treated. In 8.2%, the injury was related to some form of violence exerted by a man. In cases where the individual was known, it was usually the husband or boyfriend (almost 67%). The assault consisted of a beating with the hands in over 70% of the cases. Fracture of the mandible was the most common injury. There were also 62 cases of home accidents.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1990

The pattern and aetiology of maxillofacial injuries in Greece. A retrospective study of 25 years and a comparison with other countries.

In comparison with other countries, Greece demonstrates a high incidence of road traffic accidents (RTA's). Most are the result of violation of the highway code. Violence as a causative agent of fractures of the facial skeleton is still a minor factor in comparison with other countries. Most of the people involved are young. In a 25-year period we have treated 6,847 fractures of the facial skeleton. Fractures of the mandibular condyle, the genial symphysis and the zygomatico-maxillary complex were the most numerous. 25% of the patients were women and 75% men. 56% were treated conservatively; an open reduction was the treatment of choice in 37%, while no treatment was considered necessary in 7%. In the period under study, K.A.T. Hospital admitted 60% of the maxillofacial trauma in the whole country.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fractures of the facial skeleton in children.

Among 3,908 patients with fractures of the facial skeleton hospitalized in a 25-year period, 202 were children. 69% were boys and 31% girls. A child is most active at the age of fourteen. Fractures of the upper alveolar bone and the condyle were the most common. We compared the pattern of fractures in children and those in adults recorded at the same period of time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The alterations in sensitivity of the infraorbital nerve following fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex.

52 patients with fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex associated with hypoaesthesia of the infraorbital nerve were evaluated as to the degree of residual impairment in sensitivity. Those with minor displacements or no displacements at all showed complete recovery. Early treatment was associated with better results, while no correlation was found between the degree of anatomical reduction and the improvement in nerve sensitivity. The results appeared to be better when the lateral orbital approach was part of the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Work-related injuries in the maxillofacial region].

A retrospective study covering a period of 3.5 years was undertaken to determine the incidence of work-related injuries in the maxillofacial region. A group of 2,383 patients treated at our institution with maxillofacial trauma of various causes was evaluated. Work-related maxillofacial injuries in this population ranked fourth in frequency of occurrence after traffic accidents, falls, and acts of violence. Hand tools were found to be the culprit of most of the injuries in the maxillofacial region. The majority of the fractures of the facial skeleton were comminuted and/or compound and mostly involved the mandible. In many cases there was a delay in the treatment of the maxillofacial injuries due to associated severe trauma involving other bones and internal organs. Such a delay in treatment can result in aesthetic problems, such as facial deformity and asymmetry, functional problems due to damage inflicted upon vital structures, such as the eyes and the facial nerve, and psychological problems that can be caused by facial scarring and the traumatic loss of teeth at an early age. The best way of treating work-related maxillofacial injuries is through prevention. That should include adequate training of workers, recognition of possible occupational hazards, and the implementation of strict safety measures in the work place.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1989

The normal range of mouth opening.

The maximal mouth opening of 1,160 healthy Greek adults, 18 to 70 years old, was measured. The results were similar to those reported by investigators in other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Neoplasms metastatic to the mouth, jaws and surrounding tissues.

5% of all malignancies involve the oral cavity. One percent of these malignancies are secondary to neoplasms that are usually found below the level of the clavicles. As it is widely accepted that the jaws do not contain a lymphatic system, it is believed that metastases there occur via the blood stream, a fact that is supported by the occurrence of metastatic foci in areas where spongiosa and slowing of the circulation favour the entrapment of metastatic emboli. This however does not explain why most of the metastases occur in the lower jaw (and in particular in the premolar-molar area) and not in the maxilla, where the spongiosa is more abundant. Batson's plexus has also been mentioned as a possible route of metastasis to the head and neck, thus explaining why, in some cases of metastases, the lungs are not involved, as the blood has not been filtered through the pulmonary bed before reaching the head and neck. In our review of the literature we found 422 metastatic lesions in the mouth, jaws and the surrounding tissues in 365 patients equally divided between men and women. 56.5% of the cases were above the age of 50. In 228 cases there were other metastases as well, whereas in 114 cases the only metastasis found was the one under study. In 22% of the cases, the metastatic focus in our area was the first indication of the existence of an undiagnosed primary malignant tumour somewhere else.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Recurrences of ameloblastoma in bone grafts. Report of 4 cases.

4 cases of recurrent ameloblastomas in bone grafts are reported. 1 case was treated with freeze-dried homogenous bone chips and the others with solid autogenous, iliac or rib grafts. The interval between the initial operation and the recurrence in the bone graft ranged from 2 to 36 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Juvenile fibromatosis.

Fibromatosis is an aggressive, non-metastasizing disease characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of fibroblasts, that rarely involves bone and lies on the borderline between benign and malignant tumours. We report three new cases of this rare entity.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.

Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an uncommon situation resulting from severe trauma, with less than 40 cases having been reported. It is usually associated with a skull base, frontal or mid-facial fracture, but it may also be a spontaneous phenomenon of congenital, infective or degenerative origin. The blood shunts from the internal carotid to the cavernous sinus resulting in pulsating exophthalmos, orbital headache, pain, orbital or frontal bruit, loss of visual acuity, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia and the differential diagnosis should include superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome and cavernous sinus thrombosis. Several modes of treatment have been proposed. We were recently faced with such a case, who had sustained fractures of the facial skeleton and developed the fistula despite an initial non-contributory angiogram. The patient remained in a permanent coma.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Review of the literature and report of a case in a four-year-old child.

A case of fibrous histiocytoma is presented, originally diagnosed as aggressive, which eventually ran the course of fibrosarcoma. We feel that when dealing with any form of "fibromas" one must be very careful as far as the diagnosis and the prognosis are concerned, because there are no clear histological and clinical borders between the benign and malignant counterparts. A wide excision is required in most of the cases, if a recurrence is to be avoided, and a close follow-up to detect any metastasis. The term "aggressive" used in many such lesions could be a convenience in the face of inability to better describe the tumor, and inaccuracy should rather turn our attention towards the malignant side.

Child, Preschool↗