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N Zafar

Publications and source records attributed to N Zafar.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

HLA frequencies in Pakistani population groups.

HLA Antigen A, B and DR frequencies were determined in 912 subjects who were prospective donors and recipients for renal transplantation. Of the 912, 305 were Sindhi, 248 Punjabi, 315 Urdu and 44 Pushto speaking. HLA A1, A2, A11 and A19 were common in all these groups. A3 was more frequent in Pushto, A9 (24) in Punjabi, A10 (26) in Sindhi and A28 in Urdu-speaking group. HLA B5 (51) and B40 (60) were common in all, while B8 in Sindhi and Punjabi, B35 in Sindhi, Urdu and Pushto and B27 in Punjabi and Urdu speaking individuals. HLA-DR3 and DR2 (15) were common in all groups. DR6 (13) in Sindhi, Urdu and Pushto and DR6 (14) in Punjabi, DR5 (11) in Urdu, Punjabi and Pushto speaking subjects. Overall, Pakistani frequencies showed linkage to Caucasians and Orientals. This paper describes differences in frequencies in various population groups within Pakistan which may have relevance in factors where HLA system plays a crucial role.

Asian People↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) by diuretic renography.

Of 52 cases with 56 affected renal units having symptoms and signs suggestive of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO) evaluated by conventional (F + 15) diuretic renography where frusemide is given 15 minutes post-injection of radiopharmaceutical m99TC.DTPA.F + 15, twelve (21%) showed a good clearance (group A), 16 (28%) showed partial (group B) and 28 (50%) a poor clearance pattern (group C) indicating a definite obstruction. A high flow (F-15) diuretic renography where frusemide is given 15 minutes prior to the radiopharmaceutical m99TC.DTPA, was done in 23 cases with 27 affected renal units. Eleven renal units showed a good clearance (group A). Of these, 7 (64%) showed a persistent good clearance, 3 (27%) converted to poor clearance and 1 (9%) to partial clearance pattern. Of 8 renal units in group B, 5 (63%) converted to poor clearance and two (25%) to good clearance on F-15 and one remained unchanged. All renal units which presented as poor clearance (group C) on conventional (F + 15) diuretic renography remained unchanged on high flow (F-15) diuretic renography. In majority of cases conventional (F + 15) renography gave a reliable assessment of the upper tract drainage, however, since equivocal group was resolved by the F-15 and the intermittent obstruction group was definitely diagnosed, high flow (F-15) diuretic renography was more conclusive in assessment as compared to F + 15.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Mediastinal needle biopsy. A 15-year experience with 139 cases.

BACKGROUND: Radiologically guided needle biopsy and cytologic evaluation provide a reliable method of diagnosis for planning definitive therapy of patients with mediastinal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study of one of the largest series from a single institution, 141 consecutive mediastinal needle biopsies from 139 patients were reviewed during a 15-year period. RESULTS: Adequate material was obtained with a diagnosis achieved in 128 cases (92%). Of these, 33 cases (26%) had benign diagnoses; the remaining 95 (74%) had malignant diagnoses, including 81 carcinomas, 3 sarcomas, 8 lymphoproliferative lesions, 2 malignant germ cell tumors, and 1 malignant thymoma. All benign cases were diagnostically confirmed, and 94 of 95 malignant cases were classified correctly. The only discrepancy that occurred involved a malignant lymphoma diagnosed as a malignant germ cell tumor. Of the 13 inadequate samples, the major category included a nodular sclerosis variant of Hodgkin's disease (4 cases), 1 case of thymoma, 1 case of tuberculous lymphadenitis, and 7 cases for which no follow-up data were available. CONCLUSION: Needle biopsy is reaffirmed as a reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for mediastinal lesions, with an overall cytologic diagnostic accuracy of 99% with adequate material. Sclerotic lesions may pose a limitation to this technique and require generous sampling before a more invasive diagnostic procedure is undertaken.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Acute renal failure due to traumatic rhabdomyolysis.

Trauma and non-traumatic insults can cause muscle damage to such an extent that serious sequelae to other organs may result. Myoglobinuria and subsequent acute renal failure (ARF) is a well known and widely studied fact of such sequelae. Twelve cases of ARF (between 1990-1993) who have developed renal dysfunction after prolonged muscular exercise e.g., squat jumping, sit-ups and blunt trauma from sticks or leather belts mainly given by law enforcing personnel for certain issues were studied. None of them had previous history of myopathy, neuropathy or renal disease. All were critically ill on presentation and required renal support in the form of dialysis. Although morbidity was high in all, eleven of them recovered and one expired due to sepsis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Management of urinary calculi associated with renal failure.

Three hundred and sixty patients of urinary calculi associated with renal failure were included in this prospective study. The male to female ratio was 4.1:1 while adult to paediatric ratio was 6.5:1. One hundred and eighteen (32.8%) patients presented with calculus anuria while 242 (67.2%) were admitted with symptoms of chronic renal failure. Serum creatinine at the time of first admission ranged from 3-35 mg/100 ml. In the initial management, percutaneous needle nephrostomy was done in 217 cases, dialysis in 106, dialysis and PCN in 22 and retrograde catheterisation followed by JJ stent in 15. Definitive surgical procedures were undertaken in 277 cases; 29 passed stones spontaneously after PCN. At two year follow-up 72% patients of calculus anuria and 49.5% of calculus renal failure improved their renal function and remained with serum creatinine below 2 mg/100 ml. There was 13.6% mortality in calculus anuria group and 17.4% in calculus renal failure. Overall loss to follow-up was 7.6% and 12% in the two groups respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Experience with indwelling "J.J" ureteral stents.

J.J stents provide free drainage from the kidney to the bladder, reduce or eliminate urine leakage and provide stenting of the ureter. They were used in a total of 200 cases. In 158 to prevent ureteric obstruction before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), in 25 to bypass obstruction and in 12 as an adjunct to complicated upper urinary tract surgery. Majority (97%) of the stents were placed endoscopically under local anaesthesia (71.5%). In all the cases stents were successful to provide free drainage. No mortality was attributable to the use of stents but certain complications were encountered. Encrustation of the stents occurred in 21 (10.5%) and migration in 11 (5.5%) cases. Stents were removed easily under local anaesthesia by cystoscope. "J" stents thus provide an effective means to reduce complications and enhance effectiveness specially of ESWL therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cell kinetics of human gastric mucosa and gastric cancer in organ culture.

The cell kinetics of human gastric epithelium in organ culture have been measured using flash labelling with tritiated thymidine and the metaphase arrest technique to estimate cell birth rates. Normal gastric antral and body mucosa have been compared with mucosa showing gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Labelling indices with tritiated thymidine in normal gastric mucosa declined over a 48-h period suggesting that essential growth factors were lacking. Labelling indices and cell birth rates were higher in gastritis than in normal mucosa and highest in gastric carcinoma. Labelling indices were higher in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma than diffuse carcinoma. In metaphase arrest experiments carcinomas showed on average an eightfold increase in resistance to the metaphase-arresting properties of vincristine when compared with normal mucosa. The validity of using the metaphase arrest technique to measure cell birth rate in gastric cancers in view of this vincristine resistance is discussed.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacokinetics of equoral versus neoral in stable renal transplant patients: a multinational multicenter study.

We studied the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of the new generic cyclosporine formulation, Equoral capsules, after the switch from original formulation Neoral capsules in stable renal transplant patients. The study was carried out in accordance with the basic principles defined in the US 21 CFR Part 312.20 and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study included clinically stable first renal transplant patients maintained on cyclosporine with no rejection episode during the past 6 months. Hematology, biochemistry, and urine chemistry were determined on day 7, and day 21. The patients were all switched to Neoral (lot number 416MFD0601) on day 0 when the first sparse sampling PK was performed. On day 14 a 12-hour PK profile included predose, 30 minutes; 1 hour; 1 hour 30 minutes; 2 hours; 3 hours; 4 hours; 5 hours; 6 hours; 8 hours; 10-hours and 12-hour samples. Cyclosporine levels were determined using a CYA kit (Abbott TDx). On day 15 the patients were switched from Neoral capsules to Equoral capsules (lot 5T111014) at an equivalent dosage (mg/mg). The second sparse sampling PK was performed on day 21 and a 12-hour PK was performed on day 28. On the morning of day 29 patients were switched from Equoral capsules to Neoral capsules at an equivalent dosage (mg/mg). Additional concentrations were measured on days -7, 18, and 35. Safety parameters were monitored at each visit. The pharmacokinetics of both formulations were equivalent. The mean AUC for Neoral and Equoral was 2856 and 2892, respectively. The ratios of LSM and the 90% confidence intervals for the in-transformed parameters (AUC o-t, AUC inf, and Cmax) of Equoral and Neoral SGC were 98% and 95%, respectively, suggesting that Equoral and Neoral SGC are bioequivalent.

Area Under Curve↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pretherapy Gallium-67 scanning in paediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between gallium-67 (67Ga) uptake and histological subtypes of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in paediatric patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients (45 males and 13 females aged 9.2 +/- 4 years, range 1.5-17 years) with histologically diagnosed HD underwent pretherapy 67Ga scanning on days 2, 5, 12 or 14 days after intravenous administration of 25-50 MBq (0.7-1.4 mCi) of 67Ga citrate. The scans were evaluated both visually and quantitatively using the activity of 67Ga in the liver as a reference. Clinical outcome of 11 patients with high diffuse 67Ga skeletal uptake was compared with that of 17 patients showing normal distribution of 67Ga in the skeleton. RESULTS: Of the 58 patients, the 67Ga scans were positive in 47 patients with 117 lesions. Visual analysis did not differentiate between the histological variants of HD. However, quantitative analysis of lesion-to-liver ratios showed significantly higher values of 67Ga uptake in the mixed cellularity type than in the nodular sclerosis type (t = -3.7, p < 0.001). Patients with high skeletal uptake had a higher relapse rate (6/11) than those with normal skeletal uptake (3/17). CONCLUSION: The findings show that quantitative analysis of 67Ga uptake can differentiate between the two main subtypes of HD (mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis). Further diffuse skeletal uptake of 67Ga indicates a higher relapse rate.

Adolescent↗