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N Zhekova

Publications and source records attributed to N Zhekova.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Perinatal bacterial infections of the newborn infant].

The perinatal bacterial infections are one of the main causes of the neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to reveal the recent achievements in the prenatal identifying and prevention of the neonatal infections and to discuss the pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors for their development. The contemporary laboratory tests for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and its clinical manifestations and the therapeutic strategies in the different forms of sepsis and new prophylactic methods are reviewed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2000

[The dynamics and structure of neonatal mortality in Bulgaria in the period of 1989-1998].

AIM OF THE STUDY: To follow and analyse the state and the structure of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in the last ten years in Bulgaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study is fulfilled on the annual data of the National Health Statistic Institute concerning the NMR in a period of last ten years. Along to this the changes in the perinatal infant mortality rate (PIMR) including the stillbirth and the early NMR are studied. The results are analysed by a comparative method and presented graphically. RESULTS: The unfavorable trends in the social and economic development of Bulgaria in the last decade are associated with a constant increase of PIMR--from 10.8% in 1989 to 12.9% in 1998, and of its components respectively: the stillbirth--from 5.9% to 7.4% and of the early NMR--from 4.9% to 5.8%. The NMR has increased from 7.3% since 1989 to 8.3% in 1998, the highest level being in 1991--10.4%. Besides the level of prematurely has increased constantly for the recent ten years--from 6.5% to 9.6%. The leading causes of neonatal mortality in Bulgaria are: perinatal asphyxia, congenital malformations, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal infections. They have remained the same for the recent five years. From them only the mortality caused by perinatal asphyxia has decreased in 1998--to 41.3% in comparison with 1994--43.7% and by congenital malformations--from 29.4% to 23.4% in 1998, the highest reduction being of the malformations of the neural system (2 folds) and of the gastrointestinal system (5 folds). The NMR of the low-birth weight infants (birth weight < 2500 g) has been 58.1% in 1997 and of the very low birth weight infants (< 1500 g)--276.3%. The NMR of both groups premature infants has decreased in 1998, respectively--to 47.6% and 191.4%. The NMR of the term-born infants has been 13.2% in 1997 and 11.1% in 1998. CONCLUSIONS: The NMR in Bulgaria remains comparatively high, the larger part being on the account of the early NMR, and it has increased for the last ten years. The main causes of NMR have remained the same for the last five years in the leading place been the perinatal asphyxia, the congenital malformations and the neonatal RDS. There is a tendency to a decrease of the perinatal asphyxia and the congenital malformations as a course of NMR in the last five tears. The NMR of the premature infants has decreased in 1998 and is relatively low, but this may be due to the fact that a certain part of the deceased extremely low-birth weight infants (< 1000 g) has been still not registered.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2000

[Dynamics and structure of neonatal mortality in Bulgaria - Part II. Dynamics and structure of neonatal deaths in the university maternity hospital "Maichin Dom"].

AIM OF THE STUDY: To analyse the state and the structure of the neonatal lethality in the largest perinatal center of Bulgaria 'Maichin dom' during the last five years, and to compare them with the national data on neonatal mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study on the evolution of neonatal lethality in the recent 5 years and on its structure during the last 2 years was fulfilled using the data of the Department of Neonatology of the University hospital 'Maichin dom' concerning the infants' lethality. The results were compared to the national data on infants' mortality (in 28 days of life) and presented graphically. RESULTS: The level of neonatal lethality in the University hospital increased invariably until 1997, when it reached the highest peak (12.7@1000), after that it decreased to 10.3@1000 in 1998. This tendency is predominantly due to the early neonatal mortality, which raised from 6.7@1000 in 1994 to 8.5@1000 in 1998, and remained at the same level in the last two years. The leading causes of neonatal lethality in the perinatal center are the congenital malformations--40.6@1000, which is higher than in the country. The congenital anomalies of central nervous system account to 75@1000 of all lethal malformations. The perinatal asphyxia is the second cause of death--34.7@1000, which is considerably less than in the country--41.3@1000. The neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is the third main cause of death in the neonatal period--9.4@1000 in the hospital; 10.9@1000--in the country. The neonatal lethality is mainly due to the premature infants--82.5@1000 in 1997 and 90.6@1000 in 1998. The relative portion of the term infants considerably decreased in these two years--from 17.5@1000 to 9.4@1000. These numbers are 100 times less than the data of the whole country. CONCLUSIONS: The evolution of the neonatal lethality in the University hospital 'Maichin dom' has a similar tendency of the neonatal mortality in Bulgaria, the increase being mostly due to the early neonatal mortality. The leading causes of death are the congenital malformations and predominantly the central nervous system defects. The perinatal asphyxia is the second most frequent lethal cause with a relative portion which is less than that in the country. The lethality of the premature infants in the hospital is 6 times less than that in the country and the neonatal lethality of term infants is practically discriminated.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1998

[The incidence and structure of perinatal mortality in Bulgaria].

An analysis of the rate, structure and the principle causes of the perinatal infant mortality during the last 7 years in Bulgaria is presented. The values of the analysed indices are compared with those of the period 1985-1990 year. The main causes in the structure of the perinatal infant mortality during the transitional period in Bulgaria are discussed.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1997

[Perinatal problems and the prevention of premature labor].

An analysis of the principal indices, associated with the perinatal mortality rate of premature infants and the level of prematurity during the last 3 years, compared with those of 1989 and the similar indices in the developed countries of Europe and North America is presented. The main trends in prenatal and intranatal prevention of the premature delivery and the complications associated with it are discussed. The most common neonatal morbidity of the premature infants with very low birthweight and the contemporary possibilities of prevention are described.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

[Defects of the anterior abdominal wall--their prenatal management].

The rate of the congenital malformations: gastroschisis and omphalocele, the prenatal management and the clinical issue were analyzed in a retrospective study during a period from January 1990 till October 1994 in the State Maternity Hospital "Maĭchin dom". The aim of the study was to establish the accuracy of the prenatal sonographic diagnosis of the defects of abdominal wall, the gestational age they were found out, and the perinatal issue of the affected newborn infants. The rate of the abdominal walls defects was 1:1525. They were diagnosed prenatally in 52% of the cases. The fatality rate among the alive-born infants with these malformations was 77%. The frequency of the associated anomalies with defects of the abdominal wall was 71%, which exceeds the mean frequency in Europe and presents one of the most important factors determining the high fatality rate.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1995

[The sensitivity to the preparation cefotaxime of bacteria isolated from newborn infants].

Four hundred forty-four of S. aureus and 54 strains of E. coli were isolated from the neonates, born during the first six months of 1994 in the Maternity Hospital "Maĭchin dom". They were tested with the antibiotics--ampicilin, cephamandol and cefotaxime. Our results showed that 14.5% of the tested S. aureus were sensitive to ampicilin (e.g. broad-spectrum penicillins) and 85.5% resistant. Twenty percent of the strains E. coli were sensitive to ampicilin and 80% showed resistance. Fourty nine percent of the tested S. aureus were sensitive to cephamandol (a second generation cephalosporine) and 51% were resistant; 46.6% of the isolated strains E. coli were sensitive to cephamandol and 53.4% were resistant. Over 87% of the tested S. aureus were sensitive to cefotaxime, a third generation cephalosporine, and only 13% were resistant. From the tested strains E. coli 92.3% were sensitive to cefotaxime and 7.7% were resistant. The present study proved a high sensitivity of the isolated strains to cefotaxime. In addition this antibacterial drug showed good tolerance by the neonates when given in two doses per day and a lack of suppressive effect on the normal bacterial flora of the intestinal tract of the neonates.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative evaluation of the black foam film method for determining lung surfactant maturity in the newborn infant].

The present study evaluates a recently introduced method of black foam film (BFF) for determination of lung maturity, adapted for examination of nasopharyngeal aspirate (NFA) in the newborn and as well as to discover its diagnostic value by clinical verification and comparison with the method of total phospholipids (TPL) and with the ratio of lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S). Comparing the results, obtained by the various methods, it was found that the capability of NFA of the newborn children to form BFF reflected the content of TPL and the ratio of L/S. The good correlation with the clinical state respectively with respiratory function of the examined children indicates the possibility that the method of BFF could be used for postnatal evaluation of lung maturity.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗